chapter 5
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Chapter 5. Tissues. Tissues. TISSUES : Organization or communities of similar cells often embedded in nonliving intracellular material called matrix. Histology - The study of tissues. Types of Tissue. Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Appear within 2 months of fetal development. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5
Tissues
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Tissues
• TISSUES: Organization or communities of similar cells often embedded in nonliving intracellular material called matrix.
• Histology - The study of tissues
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Types of Tissue
• Epithelial• Connective• Muscle• Nervous
Appear within 2 months of fetal development.
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Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelial - lack blood vessels (avascular), therefore they receive oxygen through diffusion.
• Function:– Protection - skin, mouth, stomach, etc.– Sensory - skin, nose, ears– Secretion - hormones, mucus, digestive
juices– Absorption - respiration, gut– Excretion - urine from kidneys
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Structure of Epithelial Tissue
• Cells are tightly packed, little intracellular material.
• Always contains one free surface and one surface attached to a basement membrane = connective tissue.
• Membranous - thin tissue layer– Squamous - flat, platelike: blood vessels, alveoli– Columnar - narrow, cylindrical: uterine lining– Cuboidal - cubed shaped: glands– Simple - one layer of cells– Stratified - multiple layers of cells– Pseudostratified columnar - single layer of
cylinders of different heights
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Simple Squamous
• Squamous – flat, platelike: blood vessels, alveoli
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Simple Columnar
• Columnar – narrow, cylindrical: uterine lining
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Simple Cuboidal
• Cuboidal – cubed shaped: glands
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Stratified Squamous
• Stratified – multiple layers of cells
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Pseudostratified Columnar
• Pseudostratified Columnar – single layer of cylinders at different heights
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Structure of Epithelial Tissue Continued
•Glandular - specialized for secretion - function singularly or in clusters - exocrine – discharges secretions
into ducts that open onto surfaces like the skin and digestive tract (ex. tearducts)
- endocrine – discharges secretions into blood or tissue fluid. ex. Thyroid, pituitary
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Classified according to the way they secrete their products. Types of exocrine glands: a. Merocrine – releases fluid by exocytosis
i. Serous cells in the linings ofthe body cavity
ii. Mucus cells in the liningsof the digestive and respiratorysystems.
Ex. Salivary glands, sweat glands,Pancreatic glands.
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b. Apocrine – Lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies. Ex. Mammary glands.
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c.Holocrine – entire cell released with fluidEx. Sebaceous glands in skin
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Transitional Epithelium:
Note scalloped edges ofcells on free surface!
Specialized to changein response to increased tension. (Expandable)
•Found in inner lining of urinary bladderand lines the uretersand part of the urethra.
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Transitional epithelium changes its appearance with stretching. The epithelium on the left is relaxed and the cells appear stacked.
On the right, the epithelium is stretched,the epithelial cells flatten and the overall epithelium becomes thinner.
http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/URINARY_1.htm
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A. Simple
1. Simple squamous
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2. Simple cuboidal
Basement membrane
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3. a. Simple columnarb. Microvillic. Cilia - Ciliated columnar
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4a. Glandular
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4 b, c, Pseudostratified
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B. Stratified5 a. Stratified squamous
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6. Stratified cubodial
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7a and b: Transitional
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Connective Tissue
• Function• Attachment
– muscle to muscle– muscle to bone
• Support - organs and body as a whole.– produce blood cells – store fat– serve as framework
• Defense mechanism - fight against infection and repair tissue damage.
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Connective Tissue
• Structure– Cells far apart– Have matrix (intercellular material-fluids,
fibers, etc…) between cells.
• Types– Adipose– Cartilage– Bone– Blood
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Types of Connective Tissue
• Adipose – fat cells– Protective covering around organs– Insulation– Distribution is different in males and females– Stores energy
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Types of Connective Tissue Continued
• Cartilage – dense fibrous– shock absorbers– heals very slowly (no direct blood
supply)– Types
a. Hyaline – most common, found on the ends of bone.
b. Elastic – more elastic, found on earsc. Fibrocartilage – tough tissue, pads
between disks in vertebrae.
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Types of Connective Tissue Continued
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
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Types of Connective Tissue Continued
• Bone– Specialized to form
blood– Allows attachment
for muscle
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Types of Connective Tissue Continued
• Blood – liquid state– Oxygen movement– Red (transports
gases), white (fight infection), and platelet cells (blood clotting)
– Plasma = fluid portion– Defense against
bacteria– Ischemia = decrease
oxygen supply to organs
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Muscle Tissue
• Function– Movement through contraction
• Types– Skeletal – Smooth– Cardiac
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Muscle Tissue Continued
• Skeletal– Striated and voluntary– Muscles attached to bone– Controllable
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Muscle Tissue Continued
• Smooth– Involuntary– Found in the walls of hollow internal organs
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Muscle Tissue Continued
• Cardiac– Striated and involuntary– Only found in the heart
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Nervous
• Function– Regulate and integrate communication
• Types– Neurons– Neuroglia
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Nervous Continued
• Neurons – send and receive messages• Neuroglia – connect and support neurons
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Nervous Continued• Structure
– Soma – body of neuron– Axon – carries impulses away from neuron– Dendrite – carries impulses to neuron