chapter 4 the market forces of supply and demand
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4
The Market Forces of Supply The Market Forces of Supply and Demandand Demand
The Market Forces of Supply The Market Forces of Supply and Demandand Demand
What is a What is a MarketMarket??What is a What is a MarketMarket??
A market is where people trade and goods and services are exchanged.
2
Markets are not organized
However, buyers and sellers create a market
For example, if buyers were famished they would buy burgers to delight their stomach, and the burger sellers sell their burgers so their business is successful. *Bold
words* are new key
terms that you should
understand!
A Certain type of marketA Certain type of market
Competitive market
Where buyers and seller, each of whom has little or absolutely no influence on the market price.
Are there many Competitive markets in the U.S?
Perfectly competitive vs Not perfectly competitive markets
A perfectly competitive market is when buyers and sellers buy and sell at the certain price
( People must accept the price)
When there is only one seller and he/she sets the price is called a monopoly (Not perfectly
competitive).
We are going to start off by explaining the characteristics of buyers
What is quantity demanded?What is the law of demand?What is a demand schedule?
DemandDemandDemandDemand What is demand?
The desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employees, etc...
What is demand?
The desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employees, etc...
What is the demand curve?What is the demand curve?What is the demand curve?What is the demand curve?
A demand curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the price and a certain material.
Why use demand curves?
To assume behaviors in competitive markets and to find the equilibrium price.
A demand curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the price and a certain material.
Why use demand curves?
To assume behaviors in competitive markets and to find the equilibrium price.
Understand the demand Understand the demand curvecurve
Understand the demand Understand the demand curvecurve
New key terms
Quantity demanded(QD)
Law of Demand
Demand schedule
New key terms
Quantity demanded(QD)
Law of Demand
Demand schedule
1. The willingness to buy an amount of good.
2. When the QD of a good goes down the price goes up
3. A table that shows the relationshipbetween the price of a good
and the QD
What you just saw was a demand schedule and demand curve.
Notice that the graph is the relation of price and quantity demanded.
The demand schedule shows the “quantity demanded” at each price.
What you just saw was a demand schedule and demand curve.
Notice that the graph is the relation of price and quantity demanded.
The demand schedule shows the “quantity demanded” at each price.
Remember! the demand schedule
showsthe “quantity demanded”
at each price.
demand curvedemand curvedemand curvedemand curve
The demand curve usually slopes downwards from left to right
Each price of the sum of the two people’s demands is the market demand.
Demand curves usually shows an individual’s demand for a product.
The demand curve usually slopes downwards from left to right
Each price of the sum of the two people’s demands is the market demand.
Demand curves usually shows an individual’s demand for a product.
Shifts in the demand curveShifts in the demand curveShifts in the demand curveShifts in the demand curve
Income
Prices of Related Goods
Tastes
Expectations
Number of buyers
Income
Prices of Related Goods
Tastes
Expectations
Number of buyers
ShiftsShifts ShiftsShifts
INCOME
If you just got fired and penniless, what would your demand for polas be?
When your income falls and the demand for good falls as well, it is called a normal good
On the other hand if the demand for a good rises but your income goes down it’s an inferior good.
INCOME
If you just got fired and penniless, what would your demand for polas be?
When your income falls and the demand for good falls as well, it is called a normal good
On the other hand if the demand for a good rises but your income goes down it’s an inferior good.
ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
An example of a normal good is video games. If your income falls you will buy less video games.
An example of inferior goods are bus tickets. Instead of riding the taxi, if your income falls you would ride the bus.
An example of a normal good is video games. If your income falls you will buy less video games.
An example of inferior goods are bus tickets. Instead of riding the taxi, if your income falls you would ride the bus.
Prices of related goodsPrices of related goodsPrices of related goodsPrices of related goods
Nike has a 30% sale until next week. If Nike was cheaper than Adidas, you would buy more Nike products. In this case Nike and Adidas are substitutes.
If you decide to buy basketball shorts you sure want to buy a jersey that fits with it. In this case the jersey and shorts are complements.
Nike has a 30% sale until next week. If Nike was cheaper than Adidas, you would buy more Nike products. In this case Nike and Adidas are substitutes.
If you decide to buy basketball shorts you sure want to buy a jersey that fits with it. In this case the jersey and shorts are complements.
TastesTastesTastesTastes
Nothing tastes better than a Double whopper. If something tastes marvelous wouldn’t the buyer buy more of it? DUHHH
Nothing tastes better than a Double whopper. If something tastes marvelous wouldn’t the buyer buy more of it? DUHHH
ExpectationsExpectationsExpectationsExpectations
Depending on your expectations beyond ahead of time, may have an affect on your demand of a good.
Lets say you think ipods will cost 140$ less in 2 years. This will make you not buy an ipod.
Depending on your expectations beyond ahead of time, may have an affect on your demand of a good.
Lets say you think ipods will cost 140$ less in 2 years. This will make you not buy an ipod.
Number of BuyersNumber of BuyersNumber of BuyersNumber of Buyers
Market demand depends on factors that determine the demand of the buyers’ income, tastes, expectation.
If Becky wanted to shop with her friends, the quantity demanded in the market would increase at all prices.
Market demand depends on factors that determine the demand of the buyers’ income, tastes, expectation.
If Becky wanted to shop with her friends, the quantity demanded in the market would increase at all prices.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ryVqsvbwoE&feature=related
How to draw the demand curve with shifts
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Demand refers to the overall demand for a good or service and "shifts" only when there is a change in income, taste.
Demand refers to the overall demand for a good or service and "shifts" only when there is a change in income, taste.
However, quantity demanded refers to a specific quantity of a
good or service consumers are willing to purchase at a given
price.
Quick reviewQuick reviewQuick reviewQuick review
1.What is a monopoly?
2.What is a demand schedule?
3.What 5 things shifts the demand curve?
1.What is a monopoly?
2.What is a demand schedule?
3.What 5 things shifts the demand curve?
SupplySupply SupplySupply
If we learned about demand what is the supply?
the act of supplying, furnishing, providing, satisfying.
In short, the behavior of sellers.
If we learned about demand what is the supply?
the act of supplying, furnishing, providing, satisfying.
In short, the behavior of sellers.
What is the supply curve?What is the supply curve?What is the supply curve?What is the supply curve?
The relationship between price and quantity supplied.
Why use the Supply Curve?
To assume behaviors in competitive markets and to find the equilibrium price.
The relationship between price and quantity supplied.
Why use the Supply Curve?
To assume behaviors in competitive markets and to find the equilibrium price.
Understand the Supply Understand the Supply CurveCurve
Understand the Supply Understand the Supply CurveCurve
Quantity Supplied
The amount of something that a seller is willing to sell
Law of Supply
When the quantity supplied rises, the price rises
Supply Schedule
A table that shows the relationship price vs quantity supplied
Supply Curve
A graph that shows the relationship price vs. quantity supplied
Quantity Supplied
The amount of something that a seller is willing to sell
Law of Supply
When the quantity supplied rises, the price rises
Supply Schedule
A table that shows the relationship price vs quantity supplied
Supply Curve
A graph that shows the relationship price vs. quantity supplied
What you just saw was a supply schedule and supply curve.
Notice that the graph is the relation of price and quantity supplied.
The supply schedule shows the “supply demanded” at each price.
What you just saw was a supply schedule and supply curve.
Notice that the graph is the relation of price and quantity supplied.
The supply schedule shows the “supply demanded” at each price.
Hold On! the supply schedule shows
the “quantity supplied” at each price.
Supply CurveSupply CurveSupply CurveSupply Curve
The Supply curve usually slopes Upwards from left to right
The supply curve is to show the quantity supplied on the x-axis (independent variable) , price on the y-axis (dependent variable).
The Supply curve usually slopes Upwards from left to right
The supply curve is to show the quantity supplied on the x-axis (independent variable) , price on the y-axis (dependent variable).
Shifts in supply curveShifts in supply curveShifts in supply curveShifts in supply curve
Input prices
Technology
Expectations
Number of Sellers
Input prices
Technology
Expectations
Number of Sellers
Input pricesInput pricesInput pricesInput prices
If you were a pizza seller and cheese costs more than before. Then your basically in trouble! Because cheese is more expensive you would choose not to sell as much as before!
If you were a pizza seller and cheese costs more than before. Then your basically in trouble! Because cheese is more expensive you would choose not to sell as much as before! Sigh...
TechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnology
If machines can create faster and pizza. Why waste money and time on labor? If technology improves so will it raise the supply of pizza.
If machines can create faster and pizza. Why waste money and time on labor? If technology improves so will it raise the supply of pizza.
ExpectationsExpectationsExpectationsExpectations
If you think that Pizza will rise $2 per pan after 2 weeks, you would definitely store some pizzas right now and sell them later with more cash!
If you think that Pizza will rise $2 per pan after 2 weeks, you would definitely store some pizzas right now and sell them later with more cash!
Number of SellersNumber of SellersNumber of SellersNumber of Sellers
If you thought you were too cool for the job and decided to quit. The supply in the market would fail because of your act.
If you thought you were too cool for the job and decided to quit. The supply in the market would fail because of your act.
What is created when the What is created when the supply and demand are supply and demand are
together?together?
What is created when the What is created when the supply and demand are supply and demand are
together?together?EQUILIBIRUMEQUILIBIRUM
When the market price is at which quantity supplied and the
quantity demanded are the same
A few more vocabs!A few more vocabs!A few more vocabs!A few more vocabs!
Equilibrium price
At a market price the supply of a good equals the quantity demanded
Equilibrium quantity
The quantity supplied or demanded at the equilibrium price
Surplus
Shortage
Law of supply and demand
As demand increases the price goes up which affects suppliers who increase the supply bringing the price back at normal.
Equilibrium price
At a market price the supply of a good equals the quantity demanded
Equilibrium quantity
The quantity supplied or demanded at the equilibrium price
Surplus
Shortage
Law of supply and demand
As demand increases the price goes up which affects suppliers who increase the supply bringing the price back at normal.
SurplusSurplusSuSu
SurplusSurplusSuSu
When does a surplus occur?
When the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded.
In this case the suppliers are unhappy
When does a surplus occur?
When the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded.
In this case the suppliers are unhappy
ShortageShortageShortageShortage
The opposite of surplus
A shortage occurs when the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied.
In this case the demanders are not happy.
The opposite of surplus
A shortage occurs when the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied.
In this case the demanders are not happy.
Wait!Wait!Wait!Wait!
When the demand or the supply curve shifts what happens to the equilibrium!?!?!?
A new equilibrium is formed!
Point A is the initial E point and Point B is the new E point.
When the demand or the supply curve shifts what happens to the equilibrium!?!?!?
A new equilibrium is formed!
Point A is the initial E point and Point B is the new E point.
Explanation of changes in Explanation of changes in Supply and Demand Supply and Demand
Explanation of changes in Explanation of changes in Supply and Demand Supply and Demand
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z44kKMJm9NY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z44kKMJm9NY&feature=related
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewQuick ReviewQuick Review
4. When does a shortage occur?
5. What are normal goods? give examples.
6. Why do economists use the demand curve.
4. When does a shortage occur?
5. What are normal goods? give examples.
6. Why do economists use the demand curve.
Answers For Review1. Monopolies are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or
service.(a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient control over a particular product or
service to determine significantly the terms on which other individuals shall have access to it)
2. A demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good
and the quantity demanded
3. Income, Prices of Related Goods, Tastes, Expectations
and Number of buyers..
Answers for Review4.A situation in which quantity supplied is
greater than quantity demanded
5.normal goods is a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an
increase in demand.example) ice-cream:)
6. To analyze how markets work, to show an individual’s demand for a product.