Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Section 1Section 1

Next stop – Egypt!Next stop – Egypt!

The water and The water and fertilefertile (good for (good for growing crops) soils of the Nile River growing crops) soils of the Nile River Valley allowed a great civilization to Valley allowed a great civilization to develop in Egyptdevelop in Egypt

The Nile River brought The Nile River brought life to Egypt.life to Egypt.

It is the longest river in It is the longest river in the world.the world.

It is It is 40004000 miles long, miles long, but Egyptian but Egyptian civilization developed civilization developed along only a 750 mile along only a 750 mile stretch.stretch.

Ni

Le

River

Nile River Delta

Time to be ConfusedTime to be Confused

Ancient Egypt was divided into 2 regions – the Ancient Egypt was divided into 2 regions – the North (Lower) and South (Upper) – Yes, I know North (Lower) and South (Upper) – Yes, I know that’s weird, nevertheless:that’s weird, nevertheless:

The southern region was called Upper Egypt The southern region was called Upper Egypt even though it was below Lower Egypt. even though it was below Lower Egypt. Confused? Okay, then pay attention.Confused? Okay, then pay attention.

The Nile starts in the south where there are The Nile starts in the south where there are high hills and mountains---high hills and mountains---UpUpriver = Upper river = Upper EgyptEgypt

It flows downward toward the sea in the northIt flows downward toward the sea in the north——downdownriver= Lower Egypt.river= Lower Egypt.

Okay—see—lower is upper and Okay—see—lower is upper and upper is lowerupper is lower

Food in the desert? Food in the desert? Sand—wiches?Sand—wiches?

The Nile River created a fertile (good The Nile River created a fertile (good for planting) valley, but on each side for planting) valley, but on each side of this valley the desert sands of this valley the desert sands stretched for HUNDREDS of miles.stretched for HUNDREDS of miles.

DeltaDelta Where the Nile flows down into the Where the Nile flows down into the

Mediterranean Sea it divides into a Mediterranean Sea it divides into a number of branchesnumber of branches

They make a triangular shape called They make a triangular shape called a a delta.delta.

Flood Fun for Farmers – Flood Fun for Farmers – ((alliteration or onomotapaeia?)alliteration or onomotapaeia?)

The Nile flooded almost every year—The Nile flooded almost every year—that’s bad!that’s bad!

No, that’s good—the floodwaters No, that’s good—the floodwaters deposited silt which is enriched soil deposited silt which is enriched soil that grew wonderful cropsthat grew wonderful crops

Without the Nile people could never Without the Nile people could never have farmed in Egypt.have farmed in Egypt.

This is why Egypt is called “the gift of This is why Egypt is called “the gift of the Nile.”the Nile.”

Civilization Develops in EgyptCivilization Develops in Egypt From a few scattered farms along the From a few scattered farms along the

Nile grew villages and eventually cities.Nile grew villages and eventually cities. Around 10,000B.C., that’s 12,000 years Around 10,000B.C., that’s 12,000 years

ago folks, hunter-gatherers found ago folks, hunter-gatherers found plants and fish to eat in the Nile plants and fish to eat in the Nile Valley---boring menu.Valley---boring menu.

Taking water from the Nile :Taking water from the Nile : 6,000 years ago people started real 6,000 years ago people started real

farming using a Mesopotamian farming using a Mesopotamian irrigation system, the irrigation system, the shadoofshadoof..

As there was so much water the As there was so much water the farmers could also raise cattle, farmers could also raise cattle, sheep, ducks, and geesesheep, ducks, and geese

Shadoof IrrigationShadoof Irrigation

Geography as ProtectionGeography as Protection

Egypt was protected from invaders Egypt was protected from invaders because it was bordered by hot because it was bordered by hot deserts, the Mediterranean and Red deserts, the Mediterranean and Red Seas and river rapids.Seas and river rapids.

Egypt grew strong and developed the Egypt grew strong and developed the 2 kingdoms Of Upper and Lower 2 kingdoms Of Upper and Lower Egypt – (very dull names but they Egypt – (very dull names but they were busy people!).were busy people!).

Pharoah Pharoah MenesMenes

Okay, so his army of Okay, so his army of Upper Egypt conquered Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt.Lower Egypt.

He married a princess He married a princess from the people he from the people he conquered. No, I don’t conquered. No, I don’t think they were in love—it think they were in love—it was a business decision.was a business decision.

He named his capital city He named his capital city Memphis. We have a city Memphis. We have a city named after it in named after it in Tennessee. Have you Tennessee. Have you ever heard of Elvis ever heard of Elvis Presley?Presley?

Menes--_____------------ElvisMenes--_____------------Elvis

Please check your notes to Please check your notes to make sure you can answer the make sure you can answer the following questions. Highlight following questions. Highlight the information you will need the information you will need

later for a test.later for a test. How long is the Nile River?How long is the Nile River? Who was the first pharoah?Who was the first pharoah? What is called “the gift of the Nile?”What is called “the gift of the Nile?” What geographical features helped keep What geographical features helped keep

Egypt safe from invaders?Egypt safe from invaders? What is the shadoof?What is the shadoof?