CHAPTER 4

PLANNING FOR MPF OPERATIONS

4001. General

Planning for an MPF operation is, by any measurement, unique and extensive. The importance of an MPF as a national strate-gic asset, the complexity of MPF operations, and the expense associated with an MPF combine to require a family of plansthat detail every conceivable nuance. While all military operations should be based on thorough planning, it is absolutely es-sential that MPF planning be timely, detailed, concurrent, continuous and well coordinated among the numerous elements thatmust work together to make an MPF operation successful. This chapter provides planning information and considerationsunique to MPF operations.

4002. Planning Doctrine

MPF operations are a Joint undertaking, and planning is done in accordance with Joint Doctrine and planning systems. For in-stance, an MPF operation depends on extensive support from the Joint Deployment System (JDS), most notably, the AMC ofUSCINCTRANS. Deployment planning requires the use of JOPES, which also supports the planning effort for both contin-gency (deliberate) planning and execution (time sensitive or crisis) planning. Key planning documents include:

Joint Publication 5-0, Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations Joint Publication 5-03.1, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, Vol. I Naval Doctrinal Publication (NDP) 5, Naval Planning Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 5-01, Naval Operational Planning Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication (MCDP) 5, Planning. (This manual supplements the various other publications

and provides an MPF with specific planning guidance.)

4003. Concurrent and Continuous Planning

While the thrust of MPF JOPES-related planning is concerned with deployment, planners must understand that quality de-ployment plans are ultimately the result of exceptionally detailed employment, arrival and assembly, regeneration, redeploy-ment and sustainment plans. Therefore, MPF element commanders must plan concurrently for deployment, employment, andsustainment operations, which results in a wide array of plans. Planning is continuous and overlapping throughout the fivephases of MPF operations (see figure 4-1).

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4004. General Planning Overview

a. Contingency Planning

A contingency plan is a CINC'S estimate of how to deploy and employ forces for a hypothetical military operation— the exactnature and scope of which is unknown. Contingency plans serve as the basis for execution planning as crises develop, and ascertain factors such as enemy intentions, U.S. political and military objectives, and multinational concerns are better known.

Each CINC uses JOPES procedures to develop contingency plans in accordance with tasks and priorities established in theJoint Strategic Capabilities Plan. One of the objectives of JOPES is to apportion common-user transportation for specificplans.

Service participation in JOPES processes aims to ensure that service capabilities are employed to the best advantage, and thatservice requirements for common-user strategic mobility assets are identified. Initial service deployment data is based onforce requirements developed during deliberate planning or the course of action development phase of time-sensitive plan-ning. All air and sea movement requirements are registered in the time-phased force and deployment data (TPFDD). This datais tailored for actual missions in execution planning.

All service components develop plans to support a CINCs contingency plan. These plans fall into two categories: plans foroperations in a specific geographic region (OPLAN), or general deployment plans regardless of mission or objective area(CONPLAN). The MPF capabilities are planned to be employed in the majority of the deliberate plans.

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Figure 4-1. Phases of MPF Operations

PLANNING

AIR MOVEMENT GROUP

SEA MOVEMENT GROUP

MOVEMENTMARSHALING

ARRIVAL AND ASSEMBLY

MAGTF OPERATIONS

MPFInitiativeDirective

FirstPlane

Departs

First MainBody Plane

Arrives

Last MainBody Plane

Arrives

LastTroop

atAPOE

FirstMPS

Arrives(O-1)

LastMPS

Arrives

T-AVB and T-AHArrive (C+30)

Follow-OnSustainment(FOS)

ExecutiveOrder

OPPBoards

MPSRON(O-4)

MPSRONMoves

N-Day

DeploymentOrder

SLRP(O-9)

AdvanceParty(O-4)

MainBody

FlightFerry

C-Day O-Day

REGENERATION

O+10RDD

MainPlanning

Conference

MPF MAGTFCombatReady

b. Planning for Operations in a Specific Geographic Region

Commanders must coordinate the planning effort. They must provide coordination and control over the MPF FIE, MPSRON,logistics pipeline, and if required or employed, FOS, aviation logistics support ship (T-AVB), and hospital ship (T-AH).Proper time phasing is essential to avoid throughput congestion at the available ports, beaches, and airfields. Specific area-oriented contingency plans permit the collection of detailed information regarding the objective area, airfields, ports, beaches,and facilities useful for MPF deployment. Each MARFOR and MEF should be able to identify their warfighting priorities foreach OPLAN or CONPLAN and translate these priorities into embarkation requirements for the MPF maintenance cycle sub-ject to the limits of the MPS. See chapter 12 for additional information.

c. General Deployment Planning

In the absence of specific CJCS-tasked planning requirements, and to provide a starting point for execution planning, poten-tial MPF commanders should develop contingency plan-based deployment plans. Deployment planning consists of ascertain-ing the mission, developing a concept of operations, and analyzing the various planning documents (e.g., MCBul 3501,NAVMC 2907). Deployment is not the objective, but rather a means to an end. The MAGTF employment mission dic-tates what to deploy and how to employ it.

d. Joint Operation Planning and Execution Systems

Joint Operation Planning and Execution Sytems (JOPES), Volume I, contains the general formats and contents of operationand concept plans. The MAGTF Commander develops a TPFDD that reflects MAGTF airlift requirements. The CMPF pro-vides TPFDD for the Navy FIE to the appropriate Fleet CINC. The MAGTF Commander is responsible for integrating theCMPF TPFDD with the MAGTF TPFDD to ensure coordinated arrival and assembly operations. These notional TPFDDsare based on notional delivery timelines. Notional destinations are included pending execution planning. Execution planningcompletes the process through updates of the notional TPFDD utilizing standard JOPES procedures. The updated TPFDDthen serves as a means for:

Registering the MPF FIE and FOS airlift requirements with the AMC

Providing the composition of the MPF to military commanders at all levels

Registering the FOS sealift requirements with the MSC

e. MPF Subordinate Commanders

Effective planning requires the participation of the primary MPF subordinate commanders. Based on the MAGTF Com-mander's requirement for the sequential establishment of operational capabilities in the objective area, the various elementcommanders recommend TPFDD updates during both deliberate and crisis action time-sensitive planning. Build-up of combatservice support (including NSE) and command and control must precede the introduction of combat elements in order to con-duct the off-load. MPE/S should be issued before the MAGTF prepares for subsequent operations ashore.

f. Flexible Planning

The MAGTF prepares an arrival and assembly plan for the timely off-load and issue of MPE/S in the AAA. A deploymentplan is developed as a flexible, easily modified plan that supports arrival and assembly. When completed, the plans are incor-porated into an operation order during execution planning. Execution planning features reverse planning based on the ultimateoperational employment of the MAGTF. A specific mission and the force required to achieve mission objectives requiresmodifications to the TPFDD. Those modifications and the available port/beach/airfield facilities in the AAA will influence thedeployment and arrival and assembly plans.

g. Prospective AAA Assessments

CINCs, in conjunction with Service component commanders, should develop data on prospective AAAs. Information con-cerning port, beach, and airfield facilities; availability of hardstand and warehousing for assembly, staging and storage areas;

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water, power, and local communications; and prospective host nation support is required for planning. This is a long-term col-lection effort with continuous file maintenance requirements.

h. Refinement of MPF Load Plans

MPS load plans must be continually assessed by MEF Commanders, and these assessments provided to the coordinatingauthorities. The need to adjust load plans and TPFDDs will change as new equipment is introduced. Adjustments can bemade during ship maintenance cycles or following MPF exercises, and should principally be based on the MEF Commander'swarfighting priorities.

i. Use of the Contingency Plan

Once a contingency plan is prepared and approved, it serves as the basis for refinement and preparation necessary to executethat plan. The assessment of the situation continues, and intelligence planning and collection efforts (e.g., reconnaissance andsurveillance taskings) focus on essential elements of information to verify or refute assumptions. Major changes in a situationrequire review of the mission and reexamination of the commander's concepts of employment, deployment, and organization.As appropriate, the plan is revised or dismissed and a new planning sequence initiated.

j. Execution Planning

Execution planning prepares for the actual commitment of forces when conflict is imminent. At the national and combatantcommand level, this includes crisis action procedures established in JOPES. At theater and task force level, it includes prepa-ration for deployment and initial employment of forces. Execution planning provides the transition from peacetime posture tothe conduct of military operations. Time available for execution planning is generally very compressed, and may require ab-breviation of steps and procedures throughout the planning process. Availability of current contingency plans and unit SOPsis essential to timely execution planning. A supported CINC or designated representative will make and promulgate the eightbasic decisions that begin the planning process.

4005. Basic Decisions

Decisions must be made on the following matters before beginning detailed planning. See figure 4-2 for a sample of a basicdecisions matrix.

Figure 4-2. Sample Basic Decisions Matrix for MPF Operations

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Basic Decision MAGTF CMPF

1. Mission P S2. Command Relationships C C3. Concept of Operations Ashore P4. Concept of Arrival and P S Assembly Operations5. Concept for Deployment P S6. Special Considerations C C7. Control Measures C C8. Force Protection C C

P-primary S-secondary C- co-equal

a. Mission

In initiating an MPF operation, the establishing authority determines the MAGTF mission. The MAGTF mission is the basisfor all further planning of the MPF operation as a whole. The MPF mission focuses on the expeditious deployment andassembly of forces to meet the requirements of the MAGTF Commander. The initiating directive usually delineates the gen-eral area of operations, required tasks of the MAGTF, general time period for the deployment, required time for operationalcapability, time constraints on deployment operations (e.g., availability of aircraft), and estimated duration of tacticaloperations.

b. Command Relationships

Command relationships should be established that will minimize disruption of command and control of MPF operations dur-ing the transition from planning through deployment and execution phases. Supported and supporting CINCs normally in-clude command relationships in their operations directives.

c. Concept of Operations Ashore

The concept of MAGTF operations ashore is derived from the MAGTF mission. This concept determines the conduct of theMPF operation. On receipt of a mission, the MAGTF Commander conducts a mission analysis and establishes a basic con-cept of operations. This concept is coordinated with CMPF, and submitted to the establishing authority for approval. The con-cept of operations ashore provides the following:

Objectives

Scheme-of-maneuver ashore

General fire support plan

Concept for logistics support

Concept for aviation operations

Warfighting priorities

Force list and preferred arrival sequence

d. Concept of Arrival and Assembly Operations

This concept consists of the basic sequence for arrival and assembly, selection of off-load sites, procedures for command andcontrol, and a proposal for off-load of supplies and equipment to include bulk liquids. Development of this concept is dictatedby the mission, geography, topography, available facilities, and the concept for MAGTF operations ashore. The MAGTFCommander develops the arrival and assembly plan, in coordination with the CMPF, and submits it to the establishing author-ity for approval. The AAA is established in the initiating directive, and must be supportable by both CMPF andUSCINCTRANS.

(1) Over the Shore

The CMPF, in coordination with the MAGTF Commander, determines beaches and/or ports for off-load. The primary consid-eration of the CMPF in the selection of ports and beaches will be the MAGTF Commander's concept of operations ashore.

(2) Arrival Airfield

The establishing authority, based on the recommendation of the MAGTF Commander, selects the arrival airfield. This choicewill be approved by USCINCTRANS based on supportability. Identification of the arrival airfield must be considered in con-junction with port and beach selection. Detailed considerations are contained in Chapter 7.

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(3) Arrival and Assembly Areas

The MAGTF assembly areas are selected by the MAGTF Commander to support expeditious assembly of forces and transi-tions to follow-on operations.

(4) Anchorages

Explosive safety quantity distance (ESQD) arcs, anchorage depth, bottom type, currents, and distance to shore must be con-sidered when anchorages for MPS are assigned.

e. Concept for Deployment

After the basic plans for operations and arrival and assembly are formulated, a deployment plan is developed. It includes:

Marshalling concept

Movement concept

Air Movement

Sea Movement

Flight Ferry

SLRP and OPP considerations

f. Special Considerations

Special considerations include measures required to preclude interference and ensure expeditious arrival and assembly of de-ploying forces. These measures consist of assigning areas of responsibility (AOR) ashore and designating coordinatingauthorities, main supply routes, intermediate staging areas, etc. The MAGTF Commander normally determines these meas-ures once basic decisions with regard to off-load and reception sites are established. One such measure is the establishment ofthe AAA. Moreover, the AAA must be approved by the establishing authority in conjunction with the Host Nation (HN).The AAA is administrative in nature and does not denote command of a geographic land area. Such an area may be inside anamphibious objective area (AOA) or a joint operational area (JOA). Within the AAA, the MAGTF Commander is responsi-ble for the following:

Prioritization and use of airfield(s), port and beach facilities, and transportation networks

Air Traffic Control (ATC)

Logistics/Host Nation activities

g. Control Measure Responsibility

Control measures also establish responsibilities for emergency defense and rules of engagement. These measures are ulti-mately the responsibility of the CINC (in coordination with the country team) who is responsible for the area of operation.

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h. Force Protection

Special considerations also include measures specifying security responsibilities including an emergency defense of the MPFduring movement and arrival and assembly. These measures range from establishment of various security or exclusion zonesunder international law (as in the case of and independent MPF operation) to a more traditional AOA for an augmentation op-eration. These control measures clearly define mission responsibilities for the following:

Air space control

Area air defense

Ground security

Sea security areas

Fire support coordination

4006. Initial Crisis Planning Actions and Responsibilities

The following initial planning actions and responsibilities, many unique to MPF operations, are grouped in various crisisplanning phases. Planning responsibilities range across all levels of command, from the NCA through MPF elements.

a. Warning Phase

The warning phase is the period of time between recognition of a crisis and an NCA decision to begin planning for militaryaction. Consistent with CJCS CAP, activities during the warning phase normally begin with promulgation of a CJCS warningorder. This order usually sets a deadline for the submission of a response to CJCS by the supported CINC andUSCINCTRANS.

(1) CINC/Establishing Authority/Service Component Commanders Planning

The warning order generates initial appraisals of military options and capabilities. The supported CINC provides supplemen-tary details for the MAGTF's mission refinement and identification of alternative courses of action, either through modifica-tion of an existing contingency plan or development of new options. Service components and other supporting commands aretasked to provide advice—focusing on alternative courses of action, constraints, and identification of major combat forces andtransportation requirements. Numbered fleet commanders report capabilities and limitations to FLTCINCs and assist in devel-opment of Navy courses of action. Based on the available information, the supported CINC constructs a commander's esti-mate for submission to CJCS. USCINCTRANS examines preliminary movement data, assesses requirements, and preparespreliminary closure estimates. As a separate action, a CINC in the MPSRON OPCON chain of command may direct the NCCto commence the transit of that MPSRON toward the objective area. Specific actions follow.

(2) Review and Update of the Force List

Deploying forces must be identified as early as possible during the warning phase. Throughout this phase, service componentswill review and update the force list. Major factors that influence this process include the current notional force lists, the ex-tent to which operational requirements of the potential mission can be identified, and the availability of sufficient NSE assetsto support the operation. Provision should be made for liaison between the supported and supporting CINCs to ascertain thecurrent status of MPF forces. For example, an MPS may not be available because of its maintenance cycle or an exercise.

(3) Repositioning of the MPS Squadron

Repositioning of the MPSRON may be directed by CJCS during the warning phase. The early repositioning of the MPSRONwill reduce force closure times. Under normal operating conditions, MPSRONs can get underway within 24 hours ofnotification.

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(4) Mobilization of Selected Reserves

Certain Marine Corps and Navy elements may require mobilization of reserve personnel for off-load operations. It may benecessary to request this activation on receipt of the warning order. Specific reserve requirements will vary with the type ofoff-load, off-load time requirements, and other ongoing commitments. Other reserve requirements must be addressed by thecognizant service.

(5) Activation of Aviation Logistics Support Ships and Hospital Ships

The T-AVB and T-AH, although not part of the MPF, can be employed in support of MPF operations. Their use should beconsidered during the warning phase, due to their reduced operational status and the long lines of communication from theirSPOEs to SPODs. Detailed ships' characteristics are listed in appendix B.

(6) Liaison with USCINCTRANS/Supporting Agencies

The supported and supporting CINCs should establish early liaison with USCINCTRANS and other supporting agencies in-volved in force deployment. This liaison is necessary to ensure that proper and timely information exchange occurs. A refinedTPFDD must be made available to USCINCTRANS, and specific arrangements for the movement of forces must be coordi-nated with USCINCTRANS.

b. Alert Phase

The alert phase begins on issuance of a CJCS alert order. Although preliminary planning begins during the warning phase,and deliberate planning is an ongoing process under JOPES, the issuance of a CJCS alert order along with the initiating direc-tive mark the commencement of formal execution planning.

(1) Initiating Directive

An initiating directive, or similar order, is issued by the establishing authority on receipt of a CJCS alert order. It providescommanders with vital information concerning the mission, forces assigned, command relationships, and other fundamentalissues required for initial planning of a specific operation. Appendix E contains a sample initiating directive.

(2) MAGTF Commander, Concept of Operations

Upon receipt of the initiating directive, the CMPF and MAGTF Commander report to the establishing authority. Together,they conduct formal coordinated planning based on a detailed analysis of the MAGTF's mission and concept of operations. Inaugmentation operations, responsibility for development of the OPORD is dependent on the command relationship of theMPF to the augmented force. The establishing authority then prepares an OPORD incorporating this analysis. The MAGTFCommander’s planning will include as a minimum: concept of operations, concept for deployment, concept for arrival and as-sembly, and concept for logistics support.

Concept of operations states the intent for execution of the mission and clearly defines the type of MPF operation(augmentation or independent). The MAGTF Commander's concept of operations will determine the warfighting priorities,which in turn determines the off-load priorities that will be promulgated in the arrival and assembly plan (see figure 4-3).

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Figure 4-3. Sample Warfighting Priorities

Concept for deployment states the concept for deployment of the MAGTF and NSE to the theater. Contained in this conceptare the desired closure and arrival dates, and specifics concerning early repositioning of the MPSRON, with or without move-ment of the OPP, SLRP, and advance parties.

Concept for arrival and assembly is the general concept for pierside or instream off-load, or a combination of the two. Inten-tions for fuel and water discharge must also be promulgated.

Concept for logistics support discusses intentions for a resupply pipeline, in-theater support, or a combination of the two. Spe-cific support requirements for the MAGTF ACE must be mentioned.

(3) USCINCTRANS Planning Deadlines

USCINCTRANS coordinates and monitors MPF deployment activities through JOPES, which also enables CJCS and the sup-ported and supporting CINCs to monitor the MPF deployment status. To effectively coordinate its responsibilities, USCINC-TRANS, after coordination with supporting and supported CINCs, will establish and promulgate a planning deadline forsubmission of MPF JOPES movement requirements. Normally, USCINCTRANS requires transportation requirements to beregistered in the TPFDD.

c. Execution Phase

The execution phase of an MPF operation begins with the issuance of a CJCS execute order. On receipt of this order, the sup-ported CINC coordinates with supporting commanders and agencies regarding final preparations for the deployment of theMPF. Supporting commanders and agencies issue their OPORDs. Strategic deployment of the MPF commences while concur-rent planning continues.

(1) Operation Orders

Operation orders (OPORDs) are promulgated as directed by the establishing authority. Supporting commanders and agencieswill publish OPORDs as required. MPF elements will publish OPORDs that reflect the current mission. These OPORDs usu-ally reflect reliance on use of previously prepared unit SOPs.

(2) Refinement of Basic Decisions

Operational considerations such as force protection in the area of operations, throughput constraints at the arrival airfield orport/beach area, and possible strategic lift shortfalls, may require refinement and modification of basic decisions. Ultimate re-sponsibility and authority to modify basic decisions rests with the supported CINC or Establishing Authority.

4007. MPF Plans Developmental Hierarchy

An MPF operation is conducted to establish a MAGTF ashore—equipped and ready to conduct its employment mission.While the MAGTF employment mission is not part of the MPF operation, it is the singular focus driving the planning and

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- Fixed Wing Attack (F/W ATK) Aircraft

- Heavy Armor (Tanks, AAVs)

- Armored Reconnaissance (LAVs)

- Countermobility (C/M)

sequencing of the MPF operation. Ultimately, there are six primary plans associated with the five phases of an MPFoperation:

Employment Plan

Arrival and Assembly Plan

Deployment Plan

Sustainment Plan

Regeneration Plan

Redeployment Plan

Plans for an MPF operation are developed in reverse order to the sequence in which the MPF operation is conducted. Assuch, the MAGTF employment plan drives the arrival and assembly plan, which drives the deployment plan, and so on (seefigure 4-4).

Figure 4-4. MPF Plans Hierarchy

Planning and sequencing an MPF operation requires an understanding of the general timelines involved, over which an MPFoperation unfolds. See figure 4-5 for a sample operational timeline template and figure 4-6 for a sample reserve timeline.

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REDEPLOYMENT

DEPLOYMENT

ARRIVAL AND ASSEMBLY

REGENERATION

SUSTAINMENT

EMPLOYMENT

Figure 4-5. Sample Timeline Template

Figure 4-6. Reserve Timeline in C-Days

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-14 0 7 14 20 32

A&A

REGENREDEPLOYMENT

DEPLOYMENT

OPS

C-DAYS

AIR MOVEMENT PLAN

0 14 21 28 34 46

SEA MOVEMENT PLAN

O-DAYS

AIR MOVEMENT PLANS

C-Days

O-Days

A&AOPS

REGEN

Redeployment

SEA MOVEMENT PLAN

Deployment

-14 0 7 14 20 32

0 14 21 28 34 46

A&A

Deployment

0 1 12 14 21 24 28 34 46

A&AOPS

REGEN

4th CAGPhase I

Phase II

Redeployment

Deployment

NEAT 108

NEAT 109

4008. Employment Plan

The key element in developing the MAGTF's employment plan is the MAGTF's mission as assigned by the establishingauthority. The employment plan promulgates the MAGTF Commander's warfighting priorities (see figure 4-3).

4009. Arrival and Assembly Plan

This plan delineates the MAGTF Commander's concept for arrival and assembly, sets forth the task organization, assignstasks to subordinate elements for beach, port, airfield, MPE/S issue, and initial combat service support operations. The plan iscoordinated with the CMPF, and submitted by the MAGTF Commander to the establishing authority for approval. There isno set format for the arrival and assembly plan. Use of a letter of instruction (LOI) or the JOPES format is acceptable. Formore information on the arrival and assembly plan, see appendix D. The arrival and assembly plan encompasses the early es-tablishment of sufficient unloading and throughput forces (LFSP and NSE). These forces are in the AAA through the move-ment to the TAAs. The arrival and assembly plan may include the following AAA plan enclosures:

Arrival and Assembly Area Overlay: MPF terrain management, associated control measures, and force protection unitsmust be graphically represented to provide a comprehensive display of units and activities. The various overlays (AAA,beach, port, and airfield as seen in figures 4-7, 4-8, 4-9 and 4-10) are essential for integrating MPF activities with force pro-tection responsibilities. Accordingly, terrain management is an essential function of MPF staff planning.

Arrival Schedule for the FIE.

Throughput Plan: The use of throughput matrices by TAMCN ensures all facets of throughput have been considered. Seefigure 4-11 for a sample throughput matrix.

Preliminary Table of Equipment Ready to Issue (TERI) lists.

Communications Plan (see chapter 7 and appendix D).

Reports: The arrival and assembly plan establishes time-phased distribution of materials handling equipment (MHE),mobile electric power (MEP), stockage levels, and distribution means (unit or point) for consumables. Provisions for healthservices, maintenance, engineer, and military police support are also established. The arrival and assembly plan compositionand format are normally determined by the MAGTF Commander in coordination with CMPF.

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Figure 4-7. Arrival and Assembly Area Overlay

Figure 4-8. Port Overlay4-13

TAAAAA

INTERNATIONALAIRFIELD

EXPEDITIONARYHELIPORT

AIR BASEPORT

BEACH

Port

ExpeditionaryHeliport

InternationalAirfield

AAA

TAA Beach

Air Base

PSU

FAST

POGHDC

Figure 4-9. Beach Overlay

Figure 4-10. Airfield Overlay

a. Off-Load Planning Considerations

Off-load of an MPSRON or a portion of an MPSRON can be conducted pierside, instream, or a combination of pierside andinstream. The establishing authority will determine the off-load method based on recommendations by the CMPF andMAGTF Commander.

A pierside off-load is the quickest and most efficient method. During a pierside off-load, all vehicles are driven off the shipvia the stern ramp and containers are lifted using ships’ cranes and/or host nation cranes. An important consideration for pier-side off-load is the tidal variance. Ports which have drastic changes in water depth between high and low tide may limit

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RED 1

RED 2

RED 3

RED4

AAFS

BOG

BPT

MIUWU

IBU

FAST

Assemblyand

Inspection

ServiceArea

In TransitHolding

Area

OWNING UNITUnit Area

AACGHolding

Area

TALCEOff-LoadingRamp Area

available off-load time due to the relationship of the stern ramp and the pier. For example, some vehicles are incapable of ne-gotiating the stern ramp when too steep an angle exists.

Maritime Prepositioning Ships have the capability to do a self-contained instream off-load, using organic cranes and em-barked lighterage. A prime factor which affects any decision on instream off-load methods involves environmental considera-tions (e.g., sea state) prior to commencement of the off-load. The two methods of instream off-load are:

(1) Lift-On/Lift-Off

Lift-On/Lift-Off (LO/LO) operations are slow and cumbersome. All embarked equipment and containers are lifted off via aship's crane from ship to lighterage and moved to the beach landing sites.

(2) Roll-On/Roll-Off Discharge Facility

The Roll-On/Roll-Off discharge facility (RRDF) is generally the preferred instream off-load method . The RRDF is basicallya floating pier made up of embarked lighterage. The lighterage required to construct an RRDF is two powered causeway sec-tions and six non-powered intermediate causeway sections. This is a significant portion of the embarked lighterage. Due tospread loading of lighterage required for the RRDF, the entire squadron will be required to assemble the platform without de-grading ship to shore capability. Once the NSE has constructed the RRDF, the ship lowers it's stern ramp onto the RRDF.The rolling stock is driven down the ramp, across the RRDF onto a barge ferry, and then transported to the beach landing site.

This method of off-loading rolling stock onto barge ferries is significantly faster than off-loading via the LO/LO method. Thethree MPSRONs have different RRDF ramp certifications. They are as follows:

AMSEA - 88,000 pounds

MAERSK - 29,000 pounds

WATERMAN - 135,520 pounds

Due to the unique design of the MAERSK class ship, all deck mounted Principal End Items (PEIs) and containers must beoff-loaded prior to unloading the below deck containers. In the AMSEA and WATERMAN classes, vehicles and containerscan be off-loaded simultaneously.

Once the SLRP has evaluated the AAA, a decision on off-load method will be made and the timelines adjusted accordingly.The timeliness of the MAGTF’s ability to be combat ready will be affected by the off-load method, the limited capability ofthe MPSRON to move containers, and the time required to marry ammunition with weapon systems.

(3) Bulk Liquids

Each MPSRON carries equipment and supplies (in containers) that enable both fuel and water facilities to be establishedashore in a short amount of time. Bulk liquids can be transferred from ship-to-shore via the buoyant hose line system. TheNSE, operating under favorable sea state and weather conditions, can set up a 15,000 foot hose in ten hours. If the gradientrequires a longer hose line, MAGTF (CSSE) pumps may be required to establish intermediate pumping stations. The maxi-mum effective pumping distance is 10,000 feet for each product.

MPSRON-1 has 50,000 feet of 6-inch fuel hose line and 50,000 feet of 4-inch water hose line.

MPSRONs 2 and 3 only have 40,000 feet of each hose size.

MPSRONs 1 and 3 carry 40,000 feet of 6-inch fuel hose line and 40,000 feet of 4-inch water hose line, spread evenlyover 4 ships. MPSRON 2 carries 50,000 feet of 6-inch fuel hose line spread over 5 ships.

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Figure 4-11. Sample Throughput Matrix

b. Off-Load Priorities

Off-load priorities are determined by the MAGTF Commander's warfighting priorities established in the concept of opera-tions. See figure 4-12 for an example of off-load priorities.

Figure 4-12. Sample Off-load Priorities

c. Transition to Employment

Upon the MAGTF Commander's determination that the MAGTF is ready to undertake the assigned mission, the MAGTFCommander, in coordination with CMPF, will request termination of the MPF operation. To ensure a smooth transition fromdeployment through arrival and assembly to employment, requires detailed planning and coordination with a focus onMAGTF readiness.

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F/W ATK Tanks LAV C/M

Refueler Refueler RefuelerRefuelerAGSE M1A1 LAV DozerBombs 120mm 25mm MinesFuzes Smoke 7.62mm ACE25mm M2 MG M240 MG M2 MGRunway 5T Trucks 5T Trucks Dump Sweeper Trucks

Unit O-Day O+1 O+2 O+3 O+4

POG ____ ____ ____ ____ ____BOG ____ ____ ____ ____ ____AACG ____ ____ ____ ____ ____CE ____ ____ ____ ____ ____GCE ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ACE ____ ____ ____ ____ ____EAF ____ ____ ____ ____ ____CSSE ____ ____ ____ ____ ____NMCB ____ ____ ____ ____ ____FH ____ ____ ____ ____ ____NSE ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

Total ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

(1) Liaison Officers

Liaison officers are an important asset throughout the MPF operation, but perhaps most important during the transitionary pe-riod. Requirements and procedures for the exchange of liaison officers should be established as early as possible. Liaison offi-cers must be authorized to present the commander's views. Liaison arrangements must provide for effective communicationswith parent commands.

(2) Transition Considerations

MAGTF plans for transition to employment should include the following:

Clear delineation of responsibility for force protection and local security

Notification to higher headquarters that all units/detachments, as they become operationally ready, are not required to as-sist further in arrival and assembly tasks

Use of tactical assembly areas to facilitate subsequent or concurrent tactical operations

Plans for response to hostile action during arrival and assembly

Allocation of staff planning efforts between arrival and assembly, deployment activities, and activities in preparation forsubsequent employment

In the beginning, the principal focus of effort is on assembly of personnel with equipment and supplies. As various units be-come combat ready, focus will shift toward subsequent operations. An increased enemy threat will accelerate this shift infocus.

d. Disposition of the Components of the MPF

Upon termination of the MPF operation, the various elements of the MPF are assigned new duties or released to other agen-cies. The disposition of the components of the MPF will depend on many variables. The timing and disposition must beplanned in as much detail as possible. Some of the considerations for disposition of MPF elements include the following:

(1) MAGTF

Assigned mission and expected duration of employment

Expected command relationship changes (e.g., independent JTF operations, augmenting another MAGTF)

Support requirements

Recommend, in coordination with CMPF, disposition of MPF shipping

(2) CMPF

Follow-on or other assigned missions as directed

Recommend, in coordination with the MAGTF COMMANDER, disposition of MPF shipping

(3) MPSRON

Status of off-load (e.g., status of fuel and water ashore vis-a-vis host nation support capability, MAGTF storage capacity,MAGTF usage rates)

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Shortfalls in storage areas/facilities ashore may necessitate use of one or more MPS as a station/warehouse facility untilfacilities are developed ashore; shortfalls may require an MPS to function as a mobile CSS facility for inshore operationsalong the coast parallel to the MAGTF movements (This is called withhold shipping)

On release of the MPS from MPF operations and with the concurrence of the supported CINC, the MPS will shift OP-CON to USCINCTRANSCOM for use as common user sealift forces

Force protection will be a determinant as to the amount of time the MPSRON remains in the off-load area

NSE lighterage may be needed for off-load of AFOE or follow-on shipping after MPSRON departure. Lighterage opera-tors are part of the NSE. Other considerations for retention of lighterage include fueling, repair and maintenance, and shelter-ing or harbor facilities and maintenance of streamed water and fuel hoses as deployed.

(4) Navy Support Element

The Navy support element (NSE) may remain in place if backload, regeneration, and redeployment are imminent. For antici-pated long-term MAGTF employment in the vicinity of the AAA, the NSE or designated elements may remain as lead ele-ments of semi-permanent or long term naval support. The port and/or beach will remain open for resupply, reinforcingoperations, and for follow-on shipping. The NSE will perform these tasks until the operation is terminated or it is relieved byArmy terminal units.

4010. Deployment Plan

The deployment plan prescribes the MAGTF commanders concept for deployment. It organizes the movement groups, andassigns tasks and responsibilities for deployment. Furthermore, it establishes the priorities for the marshalling and movementphases of the deployment, and it finalizes the composition of the FIE.

Force Deployment Planning and Execution (FDP&E) dates require definition to fully participate in the Joint Planning andExecution Community (JPEC). FDP&E examines deployment options to identify the assets required to move planned forcesto the required destinations via airlift and sealift. This process is focused upon backward (reverse) planning for movement(see figure 4-13), and the process—

Is based upon the Commander's requirement for the force to arrive

Begins with the required delivery date (RDD)

Requires the war planner to determine transit times and delays during each movement phase

Works backward from the RDD to determine movement dates (timeline) from the origin to the port of embarkation(POE), continuing through the port of debarkation (POD) to the ultimate destination

Is a highly interactive process requiring constant plan coordination and refinement

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Figure 4-13. Critical Deployment Dates

Planning days and deployment dates are specified as follows:

N-Day: An unnamed day, before C-Day, on which preparatory movements and pre-staging may occur

C-Day: An unnamed day on which deployment from the origin begins

O-Day: An unnamed day on which the MPF off-load commences

RLD : (Ready to Load Date) The date that a unit is assembled in the marshalling area, ready to move from the origin tothe POE

ALD : (Available to Load Date) The date that a unit is available at the POE to embark

EAD : (Earliest Arrival Date) The earliest date specified by the MAGTF commander that a unit or shipment can be ac-cepted at its POD

LAD: (Latest Arrival Date) The latest arrival date on which a MAGTF commander desires that a unit or shipment ar-rive and complete unloading at its POD

RDD: (Required Delivery Date) The date the supported commander (CINC) requires the unit arrive and complete un-loading at its destination

CRD: CINC's required ready for employment date

The following checklist addresses the considerations related to deployment planning. This list is not all-inclusive.

a. Initial Planning

Analyze the mission objectives of the force

Identify force requirements

Develop courses of action4-19

ORIGIN POEs PODs TAA

TIME

RLD ALD EAD LAD RDD CRD

Analyze existing deployment plans/TPFDD

Analyze lift requirements

Prepare the MAGTF and CMPF for deployment

b. Plan Development

Refine and establish mission warfighting priorities and objectives

Develop a concept of operations

Refine the force/equipment lists

Refine the deployment plan/TPFDD

Provide a refined deployment plan/TPFDD to the supported CINC for a transportation feasibility estimate (TFE) andthroughput analysis

Schedule the movement of MPF units

4011. Marshalling Plan

At a minimum, the marshalling plan must—

Designate marshalling areas

Identify transportation requirements and allocate transportation assets for movement to marshalling areas

Establish agencies to control movement to marshalling areas and the APOE

Establish staging areas at the departure airfield(s)

Establish inspection areas and procedures for deploying personnel, equipment, and supplies

Prescribe procedures for assembling aircraft loads

Establish procedures for coordinating with other services and external support agencies

4012. Air Movement Plan

The introduction of MPF elements by air involves the strategic airlift of personnel, equipment, and helicopters, and the self-deployment of the MAGTF's fixed-wing aircraft. The air movement plan addresses airlift of personnel and equipment, flightferry of MAGTF aircraft, and command and control requirements for the movement. Air movement is planned by theMAGTF Commander in coordination with the establishing authority, MPF element commanders, and AMC planners. Theplan prescribes the organization of movement units and elements, and includes the air movement sequence table and aircraftutilization plan (see figure 4-14 for a sample air movement plan).

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The air movement sequence table reflects both the MAGTF and Navy TPFDD priorities and the group organization for thedeployment. It assigns sequential serials based on estimated time of arrival in the AAA (nominally the LAD). The air move-ment sequence table format is an adaptation of the amphibious landing sequence table, and it summarizes the serials and theirschedule for deployment. This document, together with the movement group organization, permits sequential call-away, mar-shalling, staging, and loading of plane teams. The air movement sequence table enables the movement control agencies totrack, identify, and account for deploying elements. Total airlift requirements are documented using the Unit Aircraft Utiliza-tion Plan and Summary (DD 2327/2328). These forms indicate specific aircraft loads based on mission requirements. Theyserve as the basis for development of specific aircraft load plans once the exact number and type of aircraft are known. Basedon the general air movement plan, the MAGTF Commander uses JOPES procedures to update the TPFDD and submits it tohigher, adjacent, and supporting commanders. To update the TPFDD, the MAGTF Commander must incorporate the detaileddata submitted by the all-deploying elements.

a. Detailed Airlift Deployment Planning

Amount of cargo and passengers to move

Availability of cargo and passengers at APOE

Distance over which to deploy the force

APOE/APOD/Enroute support base capabilities

Diplomatic clearances

APOD/AAA air space security

Airflow command, control and communications

Deployment sequence

Aircraft loading factors

Airlift tempo and throughput coordination

Earliest/latest arrival dates (EAD/LAD) at APOD (Normally, there is a three to four day difference between the EAD and LAD to facilitate USCINCTRANS and AMC scheduling and reduce service costs)

Priority and use of airfields4-21

Figure 4-14. Sample Air Movement Plan

Unit (s) APOE A/C C-DayO-DayNeat 108 Miami Comm C+0 O-14SLRP CPNC 2 C-141 C+6 O-8OPP CPNC L-1011 C+10 O-4TAAT JAXFL Comm C+10 O-4NSE/NCW NORVA B-747 C+10 O-4USMC Adv CPNC C-17 C+10 O-4FAST Plt NORVA 3 C-141 C+11 O-3Phase 1 NORVA 3 C-141 C+12 O-2USNR

Air traffic control requirements

b. Air Space Management

The supported CINC must coordinate early with the host nation to establish appropriate air control measures. In an augmenta-tion operation, normal amphibious air control measures will apply. However, independent operations may require establish-ment of coordination methods to allow U.S. air operations (carrier or land based) in and around the AAA. Control zones;approach, holding, and arrival/departure patterns; check points; and ordnance procedures will be established as necessary. In-tegration of air command and control procedures with the host nation is necessary to ensure safety and security of all forcesinvolved. The Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS) must interface with joint and multinational air commandand control systems.

c. Arrival Airfield

The arrival airfield must meet the requirements set forth in chapter 10. If the arrival airfield and fixed-wing base of operationsare separate airfields, no conflict will exist and the ACE aircraft may deploy to the base of operations prior to completion ofthe airlift. However, should one field serve both, and security or operational considerations require early employment offixed-wing aircraft during FIE arrivals, the impact on throughput will be significant and probably adverse. The following fac-tors must be considered when selecting the arrival airfield:

Host nation airfield facilities may require expansion and/or duplication.

Capacity of approaches and traffic pattern. For example, ramp space, capacity of visual and instrument approach, and departure procedures for the airfield will affect throughput. (To enhance airfield capability, expeditionary vis-ual and instrument approach assets will embark early in the FIE.)

Base loading. Adequate space and facilities may not be available. Typically, the better a facility is the more likely its fulluse by host nation organizations.

d. Additional Airfields

The desirability to separate fixed- and rotary-wing operations, and parking space limitations may indicate a need for an addi-tional airfield to accept immediate deployment of helicopters. An additional airfield increases arrival airfield throughput, andreduces the problems associated with simultaneous operation of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft.

4013. Sea Movement Plan

Sea movement includes the MPSRON and other assigned ships (T-AVB, T-AH and escorts). The Numbered Fleet Com-mander prepares the sea movement plan that identifies those naval forces for replenishment and security in route and in theAAA. The initiating directive will specify the command relationships and responsibilities for sea movement. See figure 4-15for a sample sea movement plan.

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Location Activity C-Day O-DayCrete Underway C+0 O-14Suez Canal Transit C+1 O-13Port Suez NEAT Embarks C+2 O-12Bab El Mandeb P/U Naval Escort C+4 O-10Masirah P/U OPP C+10 O-4Hormuz P/U Naval Escort C+11 O-3Al Jubail Arrive AAA C+13 O-1 Figure 4-15. Sample Sea Movement Plan

Ship movement is planned by the numbered fleet commander, in coordination with the establishing authority, MAGTF Com-mander and the CMPF, to facilitate embarkation of the OPP and to ensure the coordinated arrival of the MPSRON in the ob-jective area with associated airlifted forces. Ship movements are normally timed to arrive not earlier than 24 hours prior to thearrival of the initial airlifted elements. Normally, the SLRP deployment is timed to arrive in the operating area 8 to 9 days be-fore ship arrival.

4014. Flight Ferry Plan

The flight ferry plan addresses the self-deployment of MAGTF aircraft. It specifies flight route(s) and schedules, assignsmovement increment designations, and provides details for air search and rescue, enroute support, aerial refueling, and divertairfields. The MAGTF Commander develops this plan in conjunction with his aviation combat element (ACE) commander.Direction for and approval of the plan is obtained from the CINC via the establishing authority. MARFOR, AMC, or AirCombat Command (ACC) may provide aerial refueling. The MAGTF must coordinate strategic refueling support with theplanners from AMC.

The flight ferry and airlift, while similar, are distinct entities with differing requirements that must be coordinated by sup-ported and supporting CINCs. AMC aircraft and fixed-wing elements of the MAGTF must be moved in concert to avoid satu-ration of staging bases, weather divert alternates, and air traffic control facilities. Enroute support bases must possesssufficient air traffic control, navigation aids, command and control, billeting and messing, petroleum, oil, and lubricants,maintenance, and service facilities. Overflight rights may impact on in-flight refueling and staging base requirements. Sup-porting and supported CINCs will provide flight route clearance and security for staging bases and flight routes within theirareas of responsibility. The use of JOPES ensures coordination of the flight ferry operations.

a. Deployment Command and Control Measures

Certain control measures must be decided early in the planning process. Generally, these measures are grouped into two cate-gories, those affecting marshalling and those affecting movement. They include the following:

(1) Marshalling Control Considerations

Marshalling areas

OPSEC

Inspections

Briefings

Ground movement to APOEs

Load procedures

Organization of APOEs

Deployment support

Execute ULN sequence in accordance with TPFDD

Provisions for remain behind equipment, supplies, and personal effects

(2) Movement Control Considerations

Sea movement concept (CMPF)

Closure estimate

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Track

Enroute stops

Escort requirements

Replenishment

Off-load Preparation Party (OPP) embarkation

Air movement concept (MAGTF Commander)

General staging and overflight coordination

Sequence of deployment

Flight ferry routes

Aircraft load factors

Aerial refueling areas

Enroute support concept

Enroute support base

Airlift tempo and throughput coordination

Required delivery dates at destination

Earliest arrival dates and latest arrival dates.

b. SLRP and OPP Deployment

Two unique requirements of an MPF operation are preparation of the ships and MPE/S prior to arrival in the operating area,and assessment of the port/beach and arrival airfield prior to arrival of the FIE. Planners should request authority from thesupported CINC for the earliest possible deployment of the OPP and SLRP. Repositioning of the MPSRON may dictate earlydeployment of the OPP. Early deployment of the SLRP is required to validate geodetic, hydrographic and facilities data, andcoordinate host nation support for the operation.

c. Time-Phased Force Deployment Data Update and Closure Estimates

The time-phased force deployment data (TPFDD) will require updates and maintenance throughout strategic movement of theMPF. Updated closure estimates may require modifications to the TPFDD. USCINCTRANS, in conjunction with the sup-ported and supporting CINCs and their service components, will coordinate and validate all TPFDD changes.

4015. Sustainment Plan

Introduction of MPF elements involves forces moving by strategic airlift to receive MPE/S from the MPSRON. Both move-ment elements have finite lift/space capabilities. The MAGTF will establish requirements for the FOS deployment in JOPESto include supplies and equipment required to reach full operational capability which was not included in prepositioned shipsor the FIE, and those supplies and equipment needed for sustainment beyond 30 days. The initiating directive will designateresponsibility for the embarkation and movement of the FOS from the point of origin to the objective area. Services must be

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prepared to establish their own supply systems. Follow-on sustainment that is required before 0+30 are personal demanditems (Class IV) and food supplements (Class I). Normally, these supplements must be provided on or about 0+10. The mate-rial will be listed as non-unit records, and will be listed on the TPFDD as necessary.

4016. Regeneration Plan

MPF regeneration is the methodical approach to restore the MPSRON to its original strength or properties and to attain fulloperation capability. This process may involve restructuring the types and quantities of equipment and supplies carried on in-dividual MPS in a different configuration than that which existed prior to the off-load. The goal is to reestablish the full func-tion of MPF assets with desired expeditionary capabilities to support MPF MAGTFs as rapidly as possible. Regenerationmay consist of more than one phase. For example the MPS could be restored to a partial capability in theater as directed bythe CINC or NCA followed by a full regeneration in CONUS. The decision to regenerate the MPS employed in the operationis made at the CJCS level predicated on recommendations of the involved CINCs. A CINC and/or the services (Navy, MarineCorps) and USCINCTRANS will be directed by CJCS to execute the regeneration. In small operations, such as one MPS be-ing off-loaded, the responsible CINC will initiate actions to accomplish regeneration. The MPF regeneration process, onceinitiated, must be coordinated with the area CINC and included in redeployment planning.

a. Regeneration Primary Considerations

MPF regeneration requires determination of four primary considerations:

Navy and Marine Corps units identified to perform the regeneration

MPS identified

Navy and Marine Corps MPE/S identified, acquired, prepared for loading, and loaded

Location where full operational capability will be reestablished

b. Regeneration Location Factors

Options for determining the location for reestablishing operational capability include the area of the current MPF operation oran alternate geographical location. Factors which may contribute to this decision include—

Whether the MPS will be regenerated in the same form, or whether it will be altered to accommodate changes in opera-tional requirements/capabilities

The availability of maintenance and port facilities

The anticipated condition of equipment and supplies

The availability of equipment and supplies

Time considerations and allowances to accomplish regeneration

A ship certification schedule

Retrograde plans

Future operational commitments

c. Regeneration Advance Planning

Advance planning will facilitate the success of the MPF regeneration and should focus on three functional elements: groundequipment and supplies, NSE, and aviation ground support equipment. The nucleus remaining behind from the first four

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phases of an MPF operation and the TAAT team from MARCORLOGBASES provide the information required for regenera-tion personnel to initiate the regeneration phase. Personnel conducting regeneration operations should refer to chapter 11 foradditional information.

d. Regeneration Planning Conference

An MPF regeneration planning conference is convened as soon as a minimum of planning factors are available to initiatecommitment to an execution plan. See chapter 11 and other supporting publications for in-depth information concerning MPFregeneration.

4017. Redeployment Plan

Joint Pub 1-02 defines redeployment as the transfer of a unit or supplies deployed in one area to another area for the purposeof further employment. Redeployment of the MAGTF and CMPF elements from one operating area to another involves thebackload of equipment and supplies previously placed ashore from the MPS. The manner in which redeployment is conductedis dependent on the MAGTF's assigned mission and the distance from the POE to the new objective area. During redeploy-ment, JOPES procedures are used. Redeployment is not the same as regeneration of the MPF. The latter involves reconstitu-tion of a national strategic capability (see chapter 11).

4018. Planning Checklist

Cohesion is a critical ingredient in developing six plans for the five phases of an MPF operation. The five-step checklist pro-vided in figure 4-16 is for commanders and staff planners to use to evaluate planning documents.

Figure 4-16. MPF Plans Checklist

a. Mission Statement

Does it state explicit and implied tasks?

Does the CMPF mission statement support the MAGTF Commander's mission statement?

b. Evaluation of Supportability

The MAGTF Commander generates the warfighting priorities. The MAGTF generates the off-load priorities. These war-fighting priorities focus on the employment mission and the successive plans that support it. The warfighting priorities drivethe AAA Plan—specifically, the off-load priorities.

What are the warfighting priorities for employment?

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- Mission Statement

- Evaluation of Supportability

- Force Protection

- Terrain Management and Real EstateAllocation

- Sequencing of Personnel and Equipment

What are the off-load priorities?

Do the off-load priorities support the warfighting priorities?

Has every commander evaluated the plan from two perspectives?

Can he support the plan?

Does the plan support his efforts?

What shortfalls exist?

What must be employed to cover any gaps?

c. Force Protection

Has the threat been properly evaluated?

Are there hostile threat areas?

Where are the permissive environments?

Are there sufficient protection assets in the theater based on the threat analysis?

d. Terrain Management and Real Estate Allocation

Have map overlays been produced?

Do they identify key command and control nodes?

Has sufficient land been allocated to the port, beach, and UAAs, to include special exclusion and safety zones for ammu-nition and bulk fuel?

Has the physical infrastructure been allocated to support that phase of the operation?

e. Sequencing of Personnel and Equipment

Does the movement (intertheater or intratheater) of units and equipment support the plan?

Is there sufficient throughput capability?

Is there a balance between CSS and Force Protection capabilities?

Is there sufficient CSS personnel available to support the flow of forces?

4019. Force Protection Planning Considerations

Force protection relates to the overall security and defense of the MPF. Force protection is a command responsibility of thesupported and supporting CINCs, as well as certain designated subordinates. MPF is most vulnerable during the movementphase. CINCs, FLTCINCs, and numbered fleet commanders are responsible for the defense of the MPSRON/MPSs. The sup-ported CINC will determine host nation security support availability and will establish additional measures to support the se-curity effort. Force protection of MPF forces within the AAA is the responsibility of the establishing authority in conjunctionwith the MAGTF Commander and the CMPF. Appropriate security forces must be provided to protect the MPF. Force pro-tection is discussed in detail in chapter 5. Initial security considerations for planning should include specific assignmentsfor—

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Ships en route and in the arrival and assembly area

Enroute support bases/facilities

Arrival airfield(s)

MAGTF element assembly areas

Port/beach facilities

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