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Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes

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Page 1: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Chapter 4Lesson 2

EarthquakesAnd

Volcanoes

Page 2: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 3: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

o Earthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust

o The actual place underground where the rocks break producing vibrations is called the focusfocus

o The place on the surface directly above the focus is called the epicenterepicenter

Earthquakes

Page 4: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 5: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

Page 6: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

Page 7: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

Page 8: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

San Andreas Fault

Page 9: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Originate at the focus and travel outward in all directions

Magnitude – the measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake

AftershocksAftershocks: Are adjustments in the crust after in earthquake

Seismic Waves

Page 10: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 11: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 12: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 13: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Volcano – opening in the Earth’s crust• Eruption –

outpouring of melted rock, ash, and gases

• Lava – magma that reaches the Earth’s surface

• Crater – a • depression

around a vent

Page 14: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Ring of Fire The ring around the Pacific Ocean that has most of the world’s

volcanoes

Page 15: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

VolcanoesVolcanoes

Quiet lava flows

Page 16: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

• Dike – magma that hardens in a vertical crack

• Sill – magma that hardens between horizontal layers of earth

• Laccolith – magma in a sill that pushes upward

• Batholith – large, underground magma formation

Page 17: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break
Page 18: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Types of Volcanoes

• Shield Volcano

a) Built from layers of lava

b) Non-explosive eruptions

c) Not very steep, but can be big

Page 19: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Types of Volcanoes

• Cinder Cone Volcano

a) Built from pyroclastic material

b) Moderately explosive, short eruptions

c) Small in size, steep slopes

Page 20: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Types of Volcanoes

• Composite Volcanoes

a) Most common type

b) Explosive eruptions and lava flow

c) Built from pyroclastic material AND lava

Page 21: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Mt. St. Helen before the explosive eruption

Page 22: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

VolcanoesVolcanoes

Page 23: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Mt. St. Helen after the eruption

Page 24: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

• Island chain – line of volcanic mountains

• Hot spot – stationary pool of magma

• Island arc – volcanic islands that are made my subducting ocean floor plates

Page 25: Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes oEarthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust focus oThe actual place underground where the rocks break

Mid-Plate HotspotsMid-Plate Hotspots


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