chapter 4 interaction between organism
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 4:INTERACTION
BETWEEN LIVING ORGANISMS
INTERACTION BETWEEN
ORGANISMS
Prey predator Competition Symbiosis
Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism
Prey-predatorA relationship where an animal captures andeat other animals.
Rat is the victim(prey)
Snake eats and kills rat
(predator)
OwlRat(Predator)(Prey)
Frog(Predator)
Insects(Prey)
Predator Prey
Owl
Tiger
Frog
Rat
Goat/deer
Insect
CompetitionCompetition is a relationship where organisms compete with each other for food, light, water, shelter, mate or minerals.
Compete for food Compete for light
This is Intra-specific competition.
Competition among organisms of the same species.
This is Inter-specific competition.
Competition among organisms of different species.
INTERACTION BETWEEN
ORGANISMS
Prey predator Competition Symbiosis
Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism
Organismslive together
CommensalismCommensalism Commensalism is a relationship between two Commensalism is a relationship between two
organisms.organisms. The commensal benefits from the host.The commensal benefits from the host.
Commensalism (+,0)Commensalism (+,0)
Remora fish
Gets- free transport- feeds on food scraps left by sharkShark
-not receive any benefits or harm
Commensalism (+,0)Commensalism (+,0)
Bird’s nest fern -Grows on a tree-To obtain sunlight
Tree-not receive any benefits or harm
bb
Barnacles - gets shelter
Mussels- Not affected
INTERACTION BETWEEN
ORGANISMS
Prey predator Competition Symbiosis
Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism
Organismslive together
MutualismMutualism
Mutualism is an interaction that benefitsMutualism is an interaction that benefits
both organisms. (+,+)both organisms. (+,+)
Mutualism (+,+)Mutualism (+,+)Lichen consists of fungi and algae living together.
Algae - produce food
Fungi- Provide shelter
Mutualism (+,+)Mutualism (+,+)
Nodule(contain Nitrogen fixingbacteria)
- Plant needs nitrogen- But it must be changed to nitrates first.- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change nitrogen to nitrates Peanut plant root
-Provide shelter and food bacteria
INTERACTION BETWEEN
ORGANISMS
Prey predator Competition Symbiosis
Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism
Organismslive together
Parasitism (+,-)
Parasitism is an interaction that benefits the parasites.
On the other hand, the host is harmed by the parasites.
Parasitism (+,-)Parasitism (+,-)
Tapeworm
- A parasite- Live in human intestine- Obtain food and shelter from human
Host (Human)-Loses weight-Becomes weak
Parasitism (+,-)Parasitism (+,-)
Wood fungus
- Obtains food and shelter from tree
Host (Tree)-Is weakened and may die
Parasitism (+,-)Parasitism (+,-)
Rafflesia
- Obtains food and shelter from tree
Host (Tree)-Is weakened and may die
InteractionInteraction EffectsEffects
Prey-predatorPrey-predator + (predator)+ (predator)
- (prey)- (prey)
CompetitionCompetition + (stronger organism)+ (stronger organism)
- (weaker organism)- (weaker organism)
CommensalismCommensalism + (the commensal)+ (the commensal)
0 (the host)0 (the host)
MutualismMutualism +,+ (both organisms)+,+ (both organisms)
ParasitismParasitism + (the parasite)+ (the parasite)
- (the host)- (the host)
Symbiosis(“Living together’’)
Indicator :+ benefits - harm 0 not affected (neither benefit nor harm)
Biological controlBiological control
Attack,destroyThe fruits
Oil palm plantation
versusversus
Biological controlPesticide
Which method is better to kill Which method is better to kill the pests and save the pests and save
environment?environment?
Biological controlBiological control
kill
- A method of - A method of using living things using living things to to killkill the the pestspests..- Use - Use prey-predatorprey-predator relationship relationship..
Biological controlBiological control
Aphids (insects)
- destroy the plant
Ladybird
- eat aphids -to save the plant
Biological control has many advantages as compared to using pesticides.
Some of them are :
a. does not pollute the environment b. does not kill other pests because natural enemies are used c. is cheap and safe to use.
Biological control