chapter 4 how do you make a garden

8/9/2019 Chapter 4 How Do You Make a Garden

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Clear

level

fence

prepare

1- Put a fence around the

garden.

2- Clear the soil surface.

3- Leveling

4- Preparation of the soil.

It is important tostart the tasks wellin the garden.


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If you have already chosen themost appropriate place to plantyour garden, now you shouldmake a fence to protect it fromanimals and also from thieves.


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In o rde r to fence i t , i t i s poss i b l eto use var ious mater ia l s .

If the garden is in a windy place, thefence must be higher and stronger onthe windy side.It is not a good idea to make fenceswith large plants that may take awaywater, sun and nutrients from thegarden.

It is better to take advantage of thefences to support climbing vegetables(tomato, green beans, cucumber,melon, small fruit trees, raspberriesand grapevines on trellises).


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I t i s n e c e s s a r y t o c l e a r t h ea rea we l l !

You need to eliminate:

- Trees and shrubs, these can beused as firewood.

- Small brushwood, the branchesand the leaves can be used top r ep a r e o r g an i c c omp o s t .

- Jars, glasses, bones, bottles andstones, must be placed in asepa ra te pa r t o f the ya rd .


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It is highly advisable that thel a n d h a s a " s l i g h t

i nc l i na t i on" , so that rain or

irrigation water that is not used

by the plant can run easily.

You should dig a ditch in the

high part of the garden so thatit can be used for watering.

Also a ditch in low part that

provides an exi t channel .

This way , you'll avoid flooding

your house or your neighbors.


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If the slope is very steep you can make

" t e r r a ce s o r s t ep s " . This prevents

rainwater from washing away the soil

and vegetables. Also the soil is preserved

and its fertility improves.

Test 11

Circ le the correct word.

1- Fences made of large

plants i s no t i s a

good idea because they

use up the water, sun and

nutrients from the garden.

2- Watering is done on the

- low high - part of the

land.

3- Glasses and bones that

are collected in the land

a r e u s e f u l f o r t h e

garbage f e r t i l i z e r .


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Good w ork !

The land of the garden is ready,

- fenced

- cleared

- leveled

Now you have to prepare the soi l :The preparation of the soil consistsof tilling the ground and loosening itto make it spongy. Thus, the rootswill develop better and the plant willreceive more benefits.

1- i s no t

2- h igh

3- garbage

Answersfor test 11

Wel lp repared so i l

Bad lyprepared so i l


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Prepare the soil one month beforeplanting.

Before s ta r t ing i t i s necessary to

see i f the mo is ture i s adequate !

I f w hen you squeeze ahand fu l o f so i l :

A ball forms but fal ls apartea s i l y , t h e m o i s t u r e i s

adequa te .

If the ball is very moist and itdoes no t fa l l apa r t , i t i s

necessary to wait for it to bea little d rier.

If a ball cannot be formed and itfal ls apart, the soil has to be

watered a little.


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Push the pointed spade 30 cm.

into the ground then raise it,

letting it fall and turn.

Continue turning the soil inrows throughout the garden andthen return doing the samething on the side.

1 2 3

Scatter a layer of 2 to 5 kg. oforganic fertilizer or manure foreach m of land.M i x i t w i t h t h e f i r s t 1 0centimeters of the soil.

2


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Test 12

Complete each sentence using the following words:

large - protect - a month - organic compost.

1- It is important to surround the garden to ............................fromanimals.

2- Its not a good idea to make walls with ..........................plantsthat will use up water, sun and nutrients from the garden.

3- Small branches, grass and leaves can be used to

prepare..................................4- The soil should be prepared .............................before planting.

Remove l a rge s t ones andgarbage.

When all the earth has beenturned, go over it with the raketo f latten and break up thelumps.

If the region is very rainy orvery dry, the soil can be coveredwith mulch so that crusts donot form or that the sun wontover dry it.

4 5 6


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Answersfor test 12

In w e l l p repared so i l !

- There is good ventilation.

- Microorganisms are well developed.

- Rain and irrigation water enter easily.

- Plants take full advantage of the nutrients.

- Roots grow better.

1- to protect it

2- large3- organic compost

4- a month


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The rows can bemarked using cord

t ied to woodenstakes.

And now , to prepare the ra is edbeds !

Raised beds are ideal when there

is little land available; they allowyou to take full advantage of thespace

How are the ra ised beds made?

To begin, mark rows 1m wide bynot more than 15 m long leavinga corridor of 1/2 m between them.

If the slope permits it, orient therows from Nort to South.

A t tent ion!

I f there i sn t much water for

watering, the beds must be madenarrower.


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With a shovel, make a 15 cm.deep furrow between each rowand move the topsoil on to therow.

Add organic compost or manureon top of the row and mix withthe f i rs t 10 cent imeters .

Deepen the furrows another 10cm. and place the soil on the topof the rows.

With the back part of the shovelflatten the edges of the bed andalso the surface so that it doesntfall apart.

Smooth with the rake. Finally thebed wi l l have a height ofapproximately 50 cm. measuringfrom the bottom of the soil.

1 2 3

4 5 6

With the hoe, pick the soil on thesurface of the bed to break uplumps.


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Make the rest of the raised beds

using the previous procedure.

If th e space is smal l , i t does notmatter ! 2 to 3 high beds the length

of the yard are enough to produce

many vegetables.


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Remember :

- If you are in a very rainy area, it isnecessary to lay planks or stones on the

edge of the beds so that they do notfall apart.

- In raised beds, plants of different sizescan be combined.

- Raised beds can last for many years,but you have to add compost every

season and take care that it does notbecome compacted.


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In this chapterwe have seen:

Preparation of the garden:

1- Fencing

2- Clearing.

3- Leveling.

4- Preparation the soil.

Test 13

Place a "T" if the sentence is true and an "F"if it is false.

1- A high and sturdy wall should be built toprotect the garden from the cold and wind.

2- You should dig a ditch in low part thatprovides an exit channel for water so thatthe garden is not flooded.

3- The soil has to be worked well so that it hasgood aeration.

4- Roots need air to breathe.

5- The moisture of the soil is not important towork the ground.

6- A garden cannot be planted if the soil is

poor in organic matter.7- In dry areas it is advisable to make raised

beds narrower.

8- The soil is only useful to hold the plants.


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Answ ers for test 13

1 T

2 T

3 T

4 T

5 F

6 F

7 T

8 F

If two or more answers werenot correct, you shouldreview the material inChapter 4

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2

3

4

5

6

7

chapter 4 how do you make a garden

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