Chapter 4: Hardware for EducatorsAllie Poston, Jessica Foster, Jaime Black, and Tiffany Myers

Objectives Describe the system unit Define the term bit and

describe how a series of bits are used to represent data

Identify the major components of the system unit and explain their functions

Explain how the CPU uses the four steps of a machine cycle to process data

List the characteristics of a keyboard and identify various types of keyboards

Differentiate among the four types of output

Explain differences among various types of printers

Differentiate between storage and memory

Identify types of storage media and devices

Differentiate between CDs and DVDs

System UnitsIt doesn’t matter the size, make, or model all computers and mobile devices have a system unit.

Data RepresentationHow is data represented in a computer?

Binary System Bits & Bytes American Standard Code

for Information Interchange, ASCII

The Components of the System Unit The motherboard

The CPUCentral Processing Unit

Processor or Microprocessor

Dual & Multi-Core Control Unit:

Fetching, decoding, executing, storing.

The Arithmetic/Logic Unit, ALU

The System Clock

MemoryMemory stores three basic items: 1. Operating system and other system

that controls the computer equipment2. The application software designed to

carry out a specific task3. The data being processed by the

application

Memory• Expansion Slots and

Expansion Cards• Removable Memory

Devices• Port and Connectors

Input- entering memory (4types) Data-unprocessed Program-instructions Command –given User Responses- questions

What are Input Devices Keyboard Pointing Devices Touchpad Trackball Joystick and Wheel Touch Screen Optical Scanners Pen Input Audio and Video Input PDAs, smartphones, and media players input

Output Data that has been processed into

a useful form.Text, Graphics, Audio, and Video

Output devices Displays- monitors, flat panel, LCD,

Plasma TVs Printers Data Projectors Fax Machines Whiteboards Speakers, Headphones, Earphones

Storage Media and Devices

What is Storage? Refers to the media on which data,

information, and instructions are kept, as well as the devices that record and retrieve these items.

Stores data, instructions, and information when they are not being processed.

MEDIA AND DEVICES Storage medium(media)-(secondary

storage) is the physical material on which data, instructions, and information are kept.

Storage devices-the mechanism used to record and retrieve these items to and from a storage medium

Storage Devices Magnetic disks (p.229) a.k.a. Floppy Disk Hard Disks (p.230)

Miniature Hard Disks Portable Hard Disks

Solid State Drives (p.232) Optical Discs (p.232)

CDs and DVDs (p.232) CD-ROM, PICTURE CDS, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, & BR

Miniature Mobile Storage Media (p.237) Flash Memory Cards, USB Flash Drives, & Smart

Cards

Optical Discs –CDs and DVDs CDs and DVDs are one type of optical

disc Types of CDs:

CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW Types of DVDs:

DVD- ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD+RAM, BD

Primarily stores music, movies, digital photographs, and software programs.

CDs and DVDs CD-ROM-Compact Disc-read only memory CD-R-Compact Disc-recordable CD-RW-Compact Disc-rewritable DVD-ROM-Digital Video-read only memory DVD-R-Digital Video-recordable DVD-RW- Digital Video-rewritable BD-Blue-ray Disc

Facts about Storage Devices Magnetic Discs have been replaced by the USB flash

drive as the preferred portable storage medium. Hard disks provide computers with a larger capacity

of storage mostly for software programs and files. Miniature Hard Disks are found in devices such as

mp3 players, smart phones, and digital cameras. Portable Hard Disks are external hard disks and

removable hard disks. Solid State Drives (SSD) have several advantages

such as being faster, lasting up to 50 years, consuming less power, and generating less heat.

Miniature Mobile Storage Media Flash Memory Card-used in digital cameras, smart

phones, PDAs, photo printers, handheld gaming consoles and navigation devices and many more.

USB flash drives have replaced floppy discs because they have large storage capacities, easier to carry, and preferred among students and other computer users.

Smart Cards-used in storing health care information, student purchases on campus, or even employee attendance. Also double for an ID