chapter 4: energy - northallegheny.org · chapter 4: energy. section 1: the nature of energy ....
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 4: ENERGY
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SECTION 1: The Nature of Energy
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WARM-UP:
What is energy?
List some different types of energy.
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LEARNING GOALS Distinguish between kinetic and potential
energy.
Calculate kinetic and gravitational potential energy.
Describe different forms of potential energy.
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WHAT IS ENERGY?
Changes are constantly occurring in the world.
Examples: light bulbs heating the air, sunlight on window, you breathing
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WHAT IS ENERGY?
Every change requires energy.
Energy: ability to cause change
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FORMS OF ENERGY Electromagnetic energy: energy that
travels in waves
Example: UV, Infrared, Radio
Mechanical energy: energy in physical movement or position
Example: moving car, flying baseball
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FORMS OF ENERGY Electrical energy: energy carried by
moving electrons
Example: any kind of electricity
Thermal energy: energy related to temperature
Example: cup of hot tea
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UNITS OF ENERGY
Joule (J) – SI unit of energy
Other units:
calorie (cal)
Calorie (Cal)
Kilowatt Hour (kWh)
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KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic Energy: the energy that a moving object has because of its motion.
Depends on the mass and speed of the object.
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KINETIC ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
KE = kinetic energy in joules (J)
m = mass in kg
v = velocity in m/s
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KINETIC ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
m = 2(KE/v2)
v = √2(KE/m)
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EXAMPLE A jogger with the mass of 60 kg is moving at a speed
of 3 m/s. What is the jogger’s kinetic energy?
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EXAMPLE A sprinter has a mass of 80.0 kg and a kinetic energy
of 4,000 J. What is the sprinter’s speed?
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EXAMPLE A baseball is moving at a speed of 40 m/s and has 120
J of kinetic energy. What is the mass of the baseball?
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
Potential Energy: stored energy due to an object’s position.
Three types:
elastic
chemical
gravitational
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
Elastic Potential Energy: energy stored by something that can stretch or compress
Ex: rubber bands, springs
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
Chemical Potential Energy: energy stored in chemical bonds
Ex: gasoline, food, batteries
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
Gravitational Potential Energy: energy stored in objects due to their position above the Earth’s surface
Ex: a boulder on a cliff
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
GPE = mgh
GPE = gravitational potential energy (J)
m = mass in kg
g = 9.8 m/s2
h = height in m
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
GPE = mgh
m = GPE/(gh)
h = GPE/(mg)
g = GPE/(mh)
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EXAMPLE What is the gravitational potential energy of a ceiling
fan that has a mass of 7 kg and is 4 m above the ground?
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EXAMPLE How high above the ground is a baseball with a mass
of 0.15 kg and a GPE of 73.5 J?
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EXAMPLE A rock climber is 200 m above the ground and has a
GPE of 117,600 J. What is the rock climber’s mass?
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CHANGING ENERGY
If all of the object on the shelves have the same mass:
Which has the most potential energy?
Which will be moving faster if they were to all fall?
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CHANGING ENERGY
As an object begins to fall, it has both GPE and KE.
As the object gets closer to the ground, it has less GPE and more KE.
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EXAMPLE
An 80 kg diver jumps from a 10 m platform.
What is the GPE of the diver at the top of the platform?
What is the GPE of the diver after falling 5 m?
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CHECK-IN:
Explain how the kinetic energy of a truck could be increased without increasing the truck’s speed.