chapter 4: emotions: thinking, feeling, and acting powerpoint presentation to accompany looking out,...

Chapter 4: Emotions: Thinking, Feeling, and Acting

PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Looking Out, Looking In, Tenth Edition

Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

For permission to use material from this text, contact us by:Phone: 1-800-730-2214 Fax: 1-800-730-2215

Web: www.thomsonrights.com

Presentation prepared by Dr. Michael Pearson, Gretchen Gill, and Tim

Scanlon of West Chester University

Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.


CHAPTER 4

Emotions:Thinking, Emotions:Thinking, Feeling, and Feeling, and

ActingActing


Emotions: Thinking, Feeling, and Emotions: Thinking, Feeling, and ActingActing

• What are Emotions?• Verbal Expression• Types of Emotions • Influences on Emotional Expression• Guidelines for Expressing Emotions• Managing Difficult Emotions


What are Emotions?

• When a person has strong emotions, many bodily changes occur.

• Proprioceptive stimuli: they are activated by the movement of internal tissues• Increased heartbeat• Rise in blood pressure• Dilation of the pupils

Physiological Changes


Nonverbal Reactions

• Observable changes• blushing• sweating• distinctive facial expression• posture

What are Emotions?


Cognitive Interpretations

• The mind plays an important role in determining how we feel.

What are Emotions?

Verbal Expression

• Labeling our emotions can be very difficult:• e.g. Is someone trembling because of fear or

because of excitement?


Types of Emotions

• Primary Emotions- basic emotions (inside the perimeter of the wheel)

• Mixed Emotions- a combination of primary emotions (outside the wheel)

Primary and Mixed Emotions


Types of Emotions

• This model shows theimportance not only of choosing the right emotional family when expressing yourself, but also of describing the strength of the feeling.

Intense and Mild Emotions


Culture•People from all over have the same emotions. No

matter where they’re from, people feel happy, sad, surprised, angry, and disgusted. However, the same events do not always bring out the same emotions. •Individualistic cultures: people feel comfortable

revealing their feelings to others who are close to them (e.g. United States & Canada)•Collectivistic cultures: discourage expression of any

negative emotions that might upset relationships among people who belong to the in-group (e.g. Japan and India)

Influences on Emotional Expression


Gender• Females - express positive emotions and feelings of

vulnerability • Males - rarely express their feelings but might reveal

strengths• Factors in expressing feelings - gender, being

familiar with the partner, and difference in power.



Social Conventions andSocial Rules• In the US, the unwritten rule is the discouragement of

showing your emotions in public.• Emotions that are shared are usually positive (however,

never too much positive emotion).• Teachers and managers are expected to keep their

emotions under control.



Emotional Contagion• Emotional Contagion: the process by which

emotions are transferred from one person to another.

• Emotions are “infectious”

e.g. If we hang out with a grouch, then we ourselves get put into a bad mood



Fear of Self-Disclosure• Revealing your emotions can seem risky• A person who musters up enough courage to share his

or her feelings runs the risk of an unpleasant consequence. For example:• a wink and smile – unwanted romance• confession of uncertainty – weakness• emotional honesty – people feel uncomfortable



Recognize Your Feelings• Answer this question, “How do you feel?”• Monitor your nonverbal behavior.• Monitor your thoughts as well as your actions.

Guidelines for Expressing Emotions

Think About How to Describe Feelings• Use single words: “excited” or “depressed”• What’s happening to you: “I’m on top of the world”• What you’d like to do: “I feel like giving up”


• “I’m mad at you for not showing up. I’m also disappointed I didn’t see you.”

• “I get mad when you flirt. I care about you a lot, and I hate to think that you don’t feel the same.”

Guidelines for Expressing EmotionsShare Multiple Feelings

Recognize the Difference Between Feeling, Talking, and Acting• Feeling something, talking about it, and then acting on that feeling can sometimes be disastrous or liberating• Understand the consequences of your actions


• Instead of, “You make me so angry” say, “I am feeling angry”

Accept responsibility for your feelings

Consider when and where to express your feelings

• Wait until you have thought out carefully how you might express your feelings in a way that would be most likely to be heard.

Guidelines for Expressing Emotions


Managing Difficult Emotions

Facilitative and Debilitative Emotions

• Facilitative Emotions - emotions that contribute to effective functioning

• Debilitative Emotions - emotions that prevent a person from functioning effectively


Managing Difficult EmotionsThoughts Cause Feelings

Event Thought Feeling

Being called names “ I’ve done some- hurt, upset thing wrong”

Being called names “My friend must concern, be sick” sympathy

• It is not events such as meeting strangers or being jilted by a lover that cause people to feel bad, but rather the beliefs they hold about these events.

• Interpretations that people make of an event, during the process of self-talk, determine feelings.


Irrational Thinking and Debilitative Emotions


1. The Fallacy of Perfection

2. The Fallacy of Approval

3. The Fallacy of Shoulds

4. The Fallacy of Overgeneralization

5. The Fallacy of Causation

6. The Fallacy of Helplessness

7. The Fallacy of Catastrophic Expectations

Many debilitative emotions come from accepting irrational thoughts:



Minimizing Debilitative Emotions

1. Monitor your emotional reactions.

2. Note the activating event.

3. Record your self-talk.

4. Dispute your irrational beliefs.

chapter 4: emotions: thinking, feeling, and acting powerpoint presentation to accompany looking out,...

Documents