chapter 4: creating tables in a web site using an external style sheet
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4: Creating Tables in a Web Site Using an External Style Sheet. Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D. Professor of MIS School of Business Administration Gonzaga University Spokane, WA 99258 [email protected]. Chapter Objectives. Define table elements - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
Chapter 4:Applying CSS Styles to
Webpages[Learning by Doing]
Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D.Professor of MIS
School of Business AdministrationGonzaga UniversitySpokane, WA [email protected]
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML2
fitness04.htmlUse the work done from html03 (fitness03.html etc.) as the framework
to further revise them as stated in (4) [below]:4. Modify three *.html files and the styles.css file as follows (and read the text book, pp.140-174):a) modify three *.html files as shown in Figure 3-a, 3-b, 3-c respectively. Hints: i) change from fitness03.html to fitness04.html such as file name and those appear in the <nav> tag ii) add <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css”> as the css file will manage many features (eg., visual effects) on three *.html files iii) modify <img …> tag into (WHY?)<a href="fitness04.html"><img src="images/ffc_logo.png" alt="Forward Fitness Club logo" height="275" width="845"></a>b) Complete the new styles.css as illustrated on pp.153-174 (only a template file provided to you)
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• Explain the importance of separating design from content
• Describe Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)• Define inline, embedded, and external styles and
their order of precedence• Describe a CSS rule and its syntax• Explain the difference between a selector, property,
and value• Create styles that use text and color properties• Explain the difference between inline and block
content
Objectives
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• Describe the CSS box model and how to apply margins, padding, and borders
• Create an external style sheet and link it to an HTML page
• Create styles that use padding, border, and margin properties
• Float (display) an image• Create styles that use list properties• Add comments to an external style sheet• Validate a CSS file
Objectives (continued)
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Type the following URLsCreating and understanding styles.css is the major task for this assignmentFor exercisehttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/exercise/fitness03.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/exercise/fitness03.html
For hwhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/hw/ski03-v2.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/hw/ski03-v2.html
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fitness03.html
about.html contact.html
html03(exercise)
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What is (are) major differences between html03
vs. html04?
html04(exercise) fitness04.html
about.htmlcontact.html
box-shadow
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
html04(exercise) fitness04.html
about.htmlcontact.htmlstyles.css
visual effectreusable codes
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[exercise]
[hw]
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HTML vs CSS• HTML5
– Provides the structural foundation of a webpage– However, it lacks an important element of ______
appeal such as color, formatting text and adding margins, borders, and shadows.
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)– Determines the __________ for a webpage– CSS can format a webpage in an unlimited number of
ways: a) change background color, b) increase size of text
or bolding, c) apply margins to a section, and d) add borders to elements
formatting
visual
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• Style – It is a _____ that defines the appearance of an element on a webpage
• Style sheet – It is the set of CSS style rules• Style sheets provide a means to separate style from
content (described in html code) because it gives the flexibility to redesign or rebrand a website
• A single CSS style sheet file containing the defined styles can be attached to several webpages to apply the styles to all the attached pages
Using Cascading Style Sheets
rule
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Figure 4-10
CSS file vs. HTML file
ContentStyles manages “visual” effects
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• To center all of the elements of a webpage using a single style rule, set the left and right margins to auto
• In addition, set the width to 80% so that the elements do not span 100 percent of the browser window (i.e., __% room reserved for each side).
To Center Content
<!– in fitness04.html --> <body><div id="container">……</div></body>
/* Style for container centers the page and sets the element width */#container {
width: 80%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;
}
More about selector and a declaration will be explained later.
10
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(80%)10% 10%
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header
nav
main
footer
div id=“container”
Four Basic HTML5 Semantic Elements
HTML provides new tools for improving/structuring webpage design, including semantic elements for specific types of content
fitness04.html will be used for illustration of the relationship between styles sheet (css file) and html file
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div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
fitness04.html
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
fitness04.html and contact.html w/ styles04.cs
px: one pixel is equal one dot on the screenem: relative to the browser’s default font size
box-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur color;
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
fitness04.html and contact.html w/ styles04.css (cont.)
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div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
about.html w/ styles.css
There are three images (Weights and Cardio) with the same class name of ‘equip’
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div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
about.html w/ styles.css
styles.cssabout.html
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Explain the handout on about.html & styles.css
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• Comments provide additional information about the area where the styles are applied or other helpful explanations, such as what the styles do
• The syntax for a comment is as follows:/* Place your comment here */
Adding Comments to CSS Files
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• Style sheets are said to “cascade” because each type of style has a specified level of precedence (or priority) in relationship to the others
• CSS properties can be inherited from a parent element through a principle called inheritance
• If a selector has more than one CSS rule, specificity determines which CSS rule to apply
Style Sheet Precedence
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• Each CSS rule consists of a selector and a declaration• A declaration consists of a property and a value, separated by a colon and
followed by a semicolon
CSS Basics
what to style defines the exact formatting of the style
• The property identifies the style quality or characteristic to apply, such as – color (text color)– background-color– text-indent– border-width– font-style
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CSS Syntax• A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
• The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.• The declaration block contains one or more declarations
separated by semicolons.• Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,
separated by a colon.• A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and
declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
footer { font-size: .70em; text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
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• A style rule begins with a selector, which specifies the element to style
• A selector can be – an HTML element name, i.e., four basic semantic elements– an id attribute value e.g., <div id="container">– a class attribute value, e.g., <img class="equip" … >
• An id or a class selector is used to apply styles to p elements
Selectors
See more on p.152; 165
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• An id selector uses the id attribute value of an HTML element to select a single element
• For example, to style the div id="container" element (in the *.html file), use #container (in styles.css file) as the selector
Selectors (continued)
/* Style for container centers the page and sets the element width */#container {
width: 80%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;
}
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• A class selector is used to select elements that include a certain class attribute
• For example, to style class=“equip“ (in *.html file), use .equip (in styles.css file) as the selector (see next slide)
Selectors (continued 1)
.equip {float: left;padding-right: 20px;}
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<img class="equip" src="images/equipment1.jpg" alt="Weight Equipment" height="195" width="260">
.equip {float: left;padding-right: 20px;
}float (display) on the left side padding on the right
from the image class
ul { margin-bottom: 50px; list-style-position: inside; }
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To style the div id="container" element, _____ is used as the selector.
a. .container b. #container c. :container d. %container
ANSWER: ________ b
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• The header section appears at the top of a webpage and thus needs formatting that makes the header contents stand out and attract visitors to the page
• The nav section should be formatted differently from the other structural elements as it should be prominent and easy to find on the webpage
• The main section should be formatted using the display property
Creating Style Rules for Structural Elements
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• To apply text and box model properties to the main section and have them appear as intended, the display property is used
• Create a style rule that formats the footer section by defining the font size, text alignment, and top margin of the footer element
Creating Style Rules for Structural Elements (continued)
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To Create a Style Rule for the Header Element
Figure 4-19
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To Create a Style Rule for the nav Element
Figure 4-21 See table 4-2 (HTML p.147) for Font Size Measurement Unitse.g., em Relative to the default font size of the elementand %, px, pt
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To Create a Style Rule for the nav Element (cont.)
Figure 4-21 (complete)
/* Style for nav specifies text properties, padding, margins, and borders */nav {
font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;font-size: 1.25em;font-weight: bold;text-align: center;padding: 15px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;border-radius: 20px;border-top: 5px solid #FFFFFF; /* White */border-bottom: 5px solid #FFFFFF; /* White */
}
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Using Fluid Layouts
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CSS Text Properties
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To Create a Style Rule for the Main Element
Figure 4-24
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To Create a Style Rule for the Footer Element
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• Consider the following example: (in about.html)
<img class="equip" src="images/equipment1.jpg" alt="Weight Equipment" height="195" width="260">
– The img element displays the equipment1.jpg image– The first attribute and value, class="equip", assigns this
element to the equip class– Including the class="equip" attribute and value in each
img element helps format all the elements assigned to the equip class with a single style rule
Creating Style Rules for Classes
Note: ‘equip’ can be ‘equip-1’ or ‘equip-2’ etc.
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• To indicate a class name as a selector, include a period (.) before the class name
• Float property – It positions an element to the right or left of other elements
• Clear property – It removes the float effect from a webpage
Creating Style Rules for Classes (continued)
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For example, the following style rule adds 20 pixels of padding to the right side of elements in the equip class:
Creating Style Rules for Classes (continued 1)
.equip {float: left;padding-right: 20px;
}
[about.html]
[about.html] [styles.css]
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• The CSS list-style properties are used to control the appearance of numbered and bulleted lists
• Lists marked with the <ul> and </ul> tags display a solid bullet before each list item
• Lists marked with the <ol> and </ol> tags display Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on) before the list items
• For example,ul {
list-style-type: square; /* or circle */list-style-position: inside; /* outside*/list-style-image: url(arrow.png);
}
Using CSS List Properties
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http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_list-style.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_list-style.asp
CSS list-style property
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• The list-style-position property specifies if the list-item markers should appear inside or outside the content flow.
• Outside: Keeps the marker to the left of the text. The bullets appears outside the content flow. This is default.
• Inside: Indents the marker and the text. The bullets appear inside the content flow
Using CSS List Properties (continued)
1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.
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div id=“container”
header
nav
main
footer
about.html w/ styles04.css
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML47
• After creating a CSS file, link it to all the webpages that will use its styles
• Insert a link element on the HTML page within the <head> and </head> tags
• The link element uses two attributes:– rel– href
• The rel attribute uses the stylesheet value to indicate that the document is linked to a style sheet
Linking an HTML Document to a CSS File
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• The href attribute value specifies the file path or file name of the CSS file
• Following is an example of a link to a style sheet named styles.css and stored in the css folder:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">• The type="text/css" attribute and value is also commonly
used within a link element to reference a CSS file
Linking an HTML Document to a CSS File (continued)
<head> <!– in fitness04.html --><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css"><title>Forward Fitness Club</title><meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
why?
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styles.cssabout.html contact.html
visual effectreusable codes
html04(exercise)
fitness04.html
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public_html [web folder]
index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx
hw(new folder)
images [folder]
html04[folder for HTML#4]
For html04
exercise(new folder)
fitness04.htmlabout.htmlcontact.html
images [folder]
images [images folder]
book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif
ffc_logo.pngequipment1.jpgequipment2.jpgequipment3.jpg
ski.jpgstyles.css skistyles04.css
css[folder]
css[folder] ski04.html
legal.pdf
css [folder]
styles-web1.cssstyles-myweb.css
Your Personal Web Page
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public_html [web folder]
index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx
hw(new folder)
images [folder]
html04[folder for HTML#4]
For html04
exercise(new folder)
fitness04.htmlabout.htmlcontact.html
images [folder]
images [images folder]
book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif
ffc_logo.pngequipment1.jpgequipment2.jpgequipment3.jpg
ski.jpgstyles.css skistyles04.css
css[folder]
css[folder] ski04.html
legal.pdf
css [folder]
styles-web1.cssstyles-myweb.css
What’s new here?How do you create it?
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public_html [web folder]
index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx
hw(new folder)
images [folder]
html04[folder for HTML#4]
For html04
exercise(new folder)
fitness04.htmlabout.htmlcontact.html
images [folder]
images [images folder]
book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif
ffc_logo.pngequipment1.jpgequipment2.jpgequipment3.jpg
ski.jpgstyles.css skistyles04.css
css[folder]
css[folder] ski04.html
legal.pdf
css [folder]
styles-web1.cssstyles-myweb.css
What’s new here?How do you create it?
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about.html, contact.html and styles.css
Use your intelligence to study how about.html and contact.html interface with styles.css
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Your turn (html04/exercise)/fitness04.html
• It is required to “Validate” and “View” your HTML and CSS codes and debug/correct the code before you submit the assignment (see HTML 173 for validating CSS files (note: the URL for validating CSS is http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/)
• the URL for validating CSS is http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/)
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• Create a folder of html04 under mis235-0x-public_html on c: (or d:)• Create a folder of exercise under html04 • Create a folder of images under html04/exercise/• Create a folder of css under html04/exercise/• Next create the following folders for hw• Create a folder of hw under html04• Create a folder of images under html04/hw/• Create a folder of css under html04/hw/
Steps before downloading web resources
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Your turn … ‘exercise’(Applying CSS Styles to Webpages)
1. Therefore, the Web Design Directory Structure for html04 shall be: public_html/html04/exercise (for fitness04.html) and public_html/html04/hw (for ski04.html) plus images and css folders under each one.2. Download the following (7) data files that were created in html03 (exercise): fitness03.html, about.html, contact.html, four image files and a new styles sheet, styles.css (the major task for this assignment) from Bb (available under Assignments Web Assignments and Resources) to your PC3. Rename fitness03.html to fitness04.html
Your Web Page directory structure should be organized as in Figure 2.
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public_html [web folder]
index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx
hw(new folder)
images [folder]
html04[folder for HTML#4]
For html04
exercise(new folder)
fitness04.htmlabout.htmlcontact.html
images [folder]
images [images folder]
book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif
ffc_logo.pngequipment1.jpgequipment2.jpgequipment3.jpg
ski.jpgstyles.css skistyles04.css
css[folder]
css[folder] ski04.html
legal.pdf
css [folder]
styles-web1.cssstyles-myweb.css
Figure 2. Web Design Directory Structure for html04 Assignment
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4. Modify three *.html files and the styles.css file as follows (and read the text book, pp.140-174):a) modify three *.html files as shown in Figure 3-a, 3-b, 3-c respectively. Hints: i) change from fitness03.html to fitness04.html such as file name and those appear in the <nav> tag ii) add <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css”> as the css file will manage many features (e.g., visual effects) on three *.html files iii) modify <img .. > tag as follows: <a href="fitness04.html"><img src="images/ffc_logo.png" alt="Forward Fitness Club logo" height="275" width="845"></a>b) Complete the new styles.css as shown in Figure 3-d (partial codes only) and illustrated on pp.153-174 (Hint: Enter from Line 1 through Line 67 as shown on pp. 159-169) When you done do the followings:c) upload *.html files and save them to the right folder (i.e., html/public/html04/exercise/ d) upload styles.css and save it in the right folder (html_public/html04/exercise/css/)e) upload the four image files and save them to the right folder (html_public/html04/exercise/images/)
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4. Important instructionss are summarized as follows:
a) modify three *.html files as shown in Figure 3-a, 3-b, 3-c respectively. i) change from fitness03.html to fitness04.html such as file name and those appear in the <nav> tagii) add <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css”> as the css file will manage many features (e.g., visual effects) on three *.html filesiii) modify <img .. > tag as follows: <a href="fitness04.html"><img src="images/ffc_logo.png" alt="Forward Fitness Club logo" height="275" width="845"></a>b) Complete the new styles.css as shown in Figure 3-d (partial codes only) and illustrated on pp.153-174 (Hint: Enter from Line 1 through Line 67 as shown on pp. 159-169)
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5. When done, test fitness04.html by entering your URL (http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_userID/html04/exercise/fitness04.html) on the Web Browser. You also can check the result of your program on the following URL http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04.html
8. What/How you should turn in: Notifying your instructor by uploading HTML#4 message (fitness04.html) to the Blackboard (not via email). See detailed instruction on the document of “Instruction_Web_Assignments_Bb” available on the Bb. Please note that you should click “Write Submission” to enable the text editor box. Enter the following information in the “2. Assignment Submission” window
Dr. Chen, Here is my HTML#4 (fitness04.html) assignment. http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_userID/html04/exercise/fitness04.html <Your Full Name> bmis235-02 (or bmis235-03 or bmis235-05)
Make the URL linkable
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PART IIApplying CSS Styles to Webpages
• hw – ski04.html
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Type the following URLsCreating and understanding styles.css is the major task for this assignmentFor exercisehttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/exercise/fitness03.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/exercise/fitness03.html
For hwhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/hw/ski03-v2.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/hw/ski03-v2.html
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skistyles04.css
visual effectreusable codes
(ski03.html)
(ski04.html)
[hw]
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Figure 4-10
CSS file vs. HTML file
ContentStyles manages “visual” effects
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Using Style Sheets
• CSS supports three types of style sheets (and precedence):– inline:
• to change the style within an individual HTML tag
• overrides embedded and external style sheet– embedded (internal) – not recommended for CSS3
• to change the style of one Web page• overrides external style sheets
– external (or linked)• to change the style of multiple pages in a web
site
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• Inline style – It is used to add a style to the start tag for an element, such as a heading or paragraph, using the style attribute
Inline Styles
<a href="#top"><span style="font-size:small; color:bluewhale;">Go to the Top of the Page! </span></a>
Do you have any “inline styles” in your previous HWs? (Web2)
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In <h1 style="font-color: navy">Special Note</h1>, the _____ is everything between the quotation marks.
a. tagging note b. declaration c. style rule d. marked up text
ANSWER: _______ c
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Inline Styles – another example<!DOCTYPE html><!– inline example: inline_styles_example.html --><html><body><h1 style="color:blue;">This is a Blue Heading</h1></body></html>
Available in /html04/class_demo_styles/ inline_styles_example.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/inline_styles_example.html
<div class="gotop"> <a href="#top"><span style="font-size:small; color:bluewhale;">Go to the Top of the Page! </span></a> </div> .gotop {
text-align: center; }class selector (p.152, 165)
Why red?
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• An embedded style sheet, also called an internal style sheet, includes the style sheet within the opening <head> and closing </head> tags of the HTML document
Embedded (Internal) Style Sheets
<head><title>Forward Fitness Club</title><style> body {background-color:lightgrey;} h1 {color:blue;} p {color:green;}</style> </head>
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Embedded (Internal) Styles - example<!DOCTYPE html><!– embedded example: internal_embedded_styles_example.html --><html><head><style>body {background-color: lightgray;}h1 {color: blue;}p {color: green;}</style></head><body><h1>This is a heading</h1><p>This is a paragraph.</p></body></html>
Available in /html04/class_demo_styles/http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/internal_embedded_styles_example.html
However, ‘embedded’ styles is not recommended by CSS3
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• An external style sheet – It is a CSS file that contains all of the styles that can be applied to more than one page in a website
• External style sheets are also called linked style sheets
• An external style sheet is a text file with the .css extension
• To apply an external style sheet, link it (or attach it) to a webpage using a link in the head section of the webpage
External Style Sheets
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• External style sheet provides flexibility to quickly change webpage formats because the styles used in it are applied to every page linked to it
• Changing the look of an entire website is sometimes called reskinning the website
External Style Sheets (continued)
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chen/misall/web/datafiles/demo/demo_color_names.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chen/misall/web/datafiles/demo/demo_color_names.html
/* in css file of web2: Style for body specifies a background color */body { background-image: url("../images/wall.gif") ;}
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles-myweb.css"> <title>Home Page for Jason Chen</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head>
Click here for Color link
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External Styles - example<!DOCTYPE html><!– external example: external_styles_example.html --><html><head> <link rel="stylesheet“ href="css/styles_example.css"> <title>External Styles Example</title> <meta charset="utf-8"></head><body><h1>This is a heading</h1><p>This is a paragraph.</p></body></html>
/* file name: styles_example.css */body { background-color: lightgray; }
h1 { color: blue; }
p { color:green; }
Available in /html04/class_demo_styles/ external_styles_example.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/external_styles_example.html
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External Style Sheets (continued)
/* file name: fitness04.html */<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css"><title>Forward Fitness Club</title><meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
/* in css file of fiteness04: Style for body specifies a background color */body {
background-color: #FFFF99; /* Pale Canary color [close to Yellow] */}……
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With a(n) _____ style, one adds a style to the start tag for an element. a. embedded b. inline c. semantic d. external
Answer: _______b
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The code:<head><title>My Website</title<style>body { background-color: green; } </style></head>exemplifies a(n) _____ style sheet where the style rule is placed between the opening <style> and closing </style> tags. a. embedded b. external c. inline d. linked
ANSWER: _________ a
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fitness.04.html
<!DOCTYPE html><!-- This website template was created by: Student's First Name Student's Last NameFile name: fitness04.html --><html lang="en"><head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css"><title>Forward Fitness Club</title><meta charset="utf-8"></head><body><div id="container">
………</body></html>
/* Style sheet file name: styles.css*//* Style for body specifies a background color */body {
background-color: #FFFF99; /* Pale Canary [close to Yellow] color */}
/* Style for container centers the page and sets the element width */#container {
width: 80%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;
}
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
<header> <img src="images/ffc_logo.png" alt="Forward Fitness Club Logo" height="277" width="846"> </header>
/* Style for header specifies top and bottom margins, background color, rounded border, shadow, and alignment */header {
margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;background-color: #FFFFFF; /* White */border-radius: 10px; /*rounded */box-shadow: 12px 12px 12px #000000; /* Black */text-align: center; }
fitness.04.html (cont.)
box-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur color;
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Syntax:box-shadow: none|h-shadow v-shadow blur spread color |inset|initial|inherit;box-shadow: none|h-shadow v-shadow blur-area blur spread color
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/playit.asp?filename=playcss_box-shadowhttp://www.w3schools.com/cssref/playit.asp?filename=playcss_box-shadow
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML80
• A declaration consists of a property and a value, separated by a colon and followed by a semicolon
CSS Basics (Review)
what to style defines the exact formatting of the style
• The property identifies the style quality or characteristic to apply, such as – color (text color)– background-color– text-indent– border-width– font-style
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML81
CSS Syntax• A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
• The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.• The declaration block contains one or more declarations
separated by semicolons.• Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,
separated by a colon.• A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and
declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
footer { font-size: .70em; text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
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<!DOCTYPE html><!-- text_shadow.html --><html><head> <style> h1 { text-shadow: 2px 2px #FF0000;} </style></head><body><h1>Text-shadow effect</h1><p><b>Note:</b> Internet Explorer 9 and earlier do not support the text-shadow property.</p></body></html>Available in /html04/class_demo_styles/text-shadow-not_CSS3.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/text-shadow-not_CSS3.html
Not supported by CSS3 as it should be included in an external css file (see styles.css)
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<!DOCTYPE html><!-- text-shadow.html --><html><head> <link rel="stylesheet" href= "css/styles_text-shadow.css"> <title>Text Shadow Example</title> <meta charset="utf-8"></head><body><h1>Text-shadow effect</h1><p><b>Note:</b> Internet Explorer 9 and earlier do not support the text-shadow property.</p></body></html>
Available in /html04/class_demo_styles/text-shadow.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/text-shadow.html
/* file name: styles_text-shadow.css */h1 { text-align: left; color: darkblue;text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px red; }
p { text-align: center; color: darkred; }
text-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur-radius color|none|initial|inherit;http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css3_pr_text-shadow.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css3_pr_text-shadow.asp
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
In the context of a style rule including a selector and a declaration, _____ formats h1 elements using blue text.
a. <h1>color=blue</h1> b. h1 {color: blue;} c. {color: blue}<h1> d. h1 (color=blue;)
ANSWER: ________ b
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML85
CSS Text Properties
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML86
CSS Text Properties (continued 1)[see next two slides for more details]
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML87
Using Fluid Layouts
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML88
Using Fluid Layouts (cont.)
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• HTML uses color names or codes to designate color values
• Two types of color codes can be used with CSS:– Hexadecimal– RGB
• Hexadecimal values consist of a six-digit number code that corresponds to RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color values
CSS Colors
Click here for Color link
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chen/misall/web/datafiles/demo/demo_color_names.htmlAvailable in Bb (Assignments & Cases Web Design and Resources Class Demos
Class Demoscolor names, safety palette, text styles, Commonly Used HTML Characters
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML90
CSS Colors (continued)• To use a color in a style rule declaration, use the color value
as the property value• For example, to style a background color as gray use,
background-color: #808080; or backgound-color: gray;
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML91
• HTML elements are positioned on the webpage as a block or as inline content
• A block element appears as a block because it starts and ends with a new line, such as the main element or a paragraph element
• Inline elements are displayed without line breaks so they flow within the same line (see skistyles04.css)
• Inline content always appears within block elements
Understanding Inline Elements and Block Elements
li { list-style-type: none; /*remove bullets on list items*/ display: inline; /*display list items as inline vs. block*/ }
<li><a href="events.html">Events</a> | </li><li><a href="lessons.html">Lessons</a> | </li><li><a href="snowreports.html">Snow Reports</a> | </li><li><a href="employment.html">Employment</a> </li>
ski04.html(block element)
skistyles04.css
vs.
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML92
• Each block element such as a header, nav, main, and footer element is displayed in a browser as a box with content
• The CSS box model describes content boxes on a webpage
CSS Box Model
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML93
• Each content box can have margins, borders, and padding
• The margin provides passive white space between block elements or between the top or bottom of a webpage
• The border separates the padding and the margin of the block element
• Padding is the passive white space between the content and the border of a block element
CSS Box Model (continued)
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML94
CSS Box Model (continued 1)
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
The _____ property rounds the corners of a block element’s border.
a. border b. border-style c. border-radius d. box-shadow
ANSWER: ________ c
/* styles.css (in fitness03.html) */header { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 12px 12px 12px #000000; text-align: center; }
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• To indicate a class name as a selector, include a period (.) before the class name
• Float property – It positions an element to the right or left of other elements
• Clear property – It removes the float effect from a webpage
Creating Style Rules for Classes (continued)
.clearfloat { clear: both; }/*clear the float on the class="clearfloat" in the htmlNo floating elements allowed on either the left or the right sideOtherwise, it may be displayed from whatever it was left previously*/
SEE NEXT SLIDE
<h3 class="clearfloat">Children's Lessons</h3>
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><style>img { float: left; }.clearfloat { clear: both;}</style></head><body><img src="logocss.gif" width="95" height="84"><p>This is some text. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.</p>
<p class="clearfloat">This is also some text. This is also some text. This is also some text. This is also some text. This is also some text. This is also some text.</p></body></html>
Embedded (Internal) Style SheetsNot recommended, demonstration purpose
filename: clear_example-v2.htmlSee ski04styles04.html
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
<!– in ski04.html -- ><h3 class="clearfloat">Children's Lessons</h3><p>Children's full day lessons meet … </p>
/* in skistyles04.css */.clearfloat { clear: both; } /*clear the float on the class="clearfloat" in the html*/
If no class of “clearfloat” and .clearfloat
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/ski04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
margin-right: 2%;
/* in skistyles04.css */.rightmargin { margin-right: 2%; /*add a 2% right margin to class="rightmargin"*/}
<! - - in ski04.html - - ><header id="top"><a href="http://www.breckenridge.com"> <img src="images/ski.jpg" alt="happy skiers" height="228" width="341" class="rightmargin"></a>
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML100
• The following steps validate a CSS file– Open the browser and type http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-
validator/ in the address bar to display the W3C CSS Validation Service page
– Tap or click the By file upload tab to display the Validate by file upload information
– Tap or click the Browse button to display the Choose File to Upload dialog box
– Navigate to your css folder to find the styles.css file (Figure 4–41)
To Validate the CSS File
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To Validate the CSS File (continued)
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML102
– Tap or click the styles.css document to select it– Tap or click the Open button to upload the
selected file to the W3C CSS validator– Tap or click the Check button to send the
document through the validator and display the validation results page (Figure 4–42)
To Validate the CSS File (continued 1)
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML103
To Validate the CSS File (continued 2)
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
[exercise]
[hw]
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/ski04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
margin-right: 2%;
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
Differences?
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Test the HTMLhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/ski03-v2.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html03/hw/ski03-v2.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/ski04.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/ski04-blink.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04-blink.html
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_ID/html04/hw/ski04.html
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Your turn (html04/exercise)/fitness04.html
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
• Create a folder of html04 under mis235-0x-public_html on c: (or d:)• Create a folder of exercise under html04 • Create a folder of images under html04/exercise/• Create a folder of css under html04/exercise/• Next create the following folders for hw• Create a folder of hw under html04• Create a folder of images under html04/hw/• Create a folder of css under html04/hw/
Steps before downloading web resources
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
• Download four data files, ski04.html, legal.pdf, ski.jpg, and skistyles04.css (the new styles sheet) from Bb (available under Assignments Web Assignments and Resources) and save them in the right folder on your PC or H: drive as shown in Figure 1.
Two Major Tasks:• Modify ski04.html with instructions listed on pages 180-181
(with minor changes). For example, add/modify two tags of <link … > and <img …> and add class=”clearfloat” to <h3> tag (see steps 2 and 11).
• modify the new styles sheet file, skistyles04.css, with the instruction listed on page 180-181 and upload skistyles04.css in the right folder (html_public/html04/hw/css/). Note that this is the major task for the hw.
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
public_html [web folder]
index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx
hw(new folder)
images [folder]
html04[folder for HTML#4]
For html04
exercise(new folder)
fitness04.htmlabout.htmlcontact.html
images [folder]
images [images folder]
book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif
ffc_logo.pngequipment1.jpgequipment2.jpgequipment3.jpg
ski.jpgstyles.css skistyles04.css
css[folder]
css[folder] ski04.html
legal.pdf
css [folder]
styles-web1.cssstyles-myweb.css
Figure 2. Web Design Directory Structure for html04 Assignment
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What you should do for html04ski04.html) (Extend YK: pp. 179-181)
1. Create a new folders of html04 under public_html directory. Next, create two folders under html04: exercise and hw. Finally, create images and css folders under exercise and hw respectively.• exercise folder and the associated images and css folders will be used for text
book exercise (e.g., fitness04.html and others)• hw folder and the associated images and css folders will be used for your
homework assignment (e.g., ski04.html and others)• Therefore, the Web Design Directory Structure for html04 shall be:
public_html/html04/exercise (for fitness04.html) and public_html/html04/hw (for ski04.html) plus images and css folders under each one.
Your Web Page directory structure should be organized as in Figure 1.
2. Download four data files, ski04.html, legal.pdf, ski.jpg, and skistyles04.css (the new styles sheet) from Bb (available under Assignments Web Assignments and Resources) and save them in the right folder on your PC or H: drive as shown in Figure 1.
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML113
3. Open the ski04.html by right clicking the file then select “Open with” finally choose Notepad++ or simply select “Edit with Notepad++”. A sample template of ski04.html is shown in Figure 2.4. Modify the following files:a) modify ski04.html with instructions listed on pages 180-181 (with minor changes). For example, add/modify two tags of <link … > and <img …> and add class=”clearfloat” to <h3> tag (see steps 2 and 11). When done save/upload both ski04.html and legal.pdf in the same folder (html_public/html04/hw/). b) modify the new styles sheet file, skistyles04.css, with the instruction listed on page 180-181 and upload skistyles04.css in the right folder (html_public/html04/hw/css/). Note that this is the major task for the hw.c) save/upload the image file of ski.jpg in the right folder (html_public/html04/hw/images/).
Major Task for ski04.html with the new styles sheet (styles04.css)
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5. When done, test ski04.html by entering your URL (http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_userID/html04/hw/ski04.html) on the Web Browser. You also can check the result of your program with my URL http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/hw/ski04.html
8. What/How you should turn in: Fail to provide me with ALL information, you will lose major points
UPLOAD HTML#4 (ski04.html) to the Blackboard (not via email). See detailed instruction on the document of “Instruction_Web_Assignments_Bb” available on the Bb. Please note that you should click “Write Submission” to enable the text editor box. Enter the following information in the “2. Assignment Submission” window: Dr. Chen, Here is my HTML#4 (ski04.html) assignment. http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_userID/html04/hw/ski04.html <Your Full Name> bmis235-03 (or bmis235-04 or bmis235-05) so that I can record/grade your homework directly on the Bb.
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML115
Extra Slides for Text-Shadow
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_list-style.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_list-style.asp
CSS list-style property
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><style>ul.a {list-style-position:inside;}ul.b {list-style-position:outside;}ul.c {list-style-position:none;}</style></head><body><p>The following list has list-style-position: inside:</p><ul class="a"> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Coca Cola</li></ul>
<p>The following list has list-style-position: outside:</p><ul class="b"> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Coca Cola</li></ul><p>The following list has list-style-position: none:</p><ul class="c"> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Coca Cola</li></ul><p>"list-style-position: outside" is the default setting.</p></body></html
Default value: outside (the same as none)See: html04/class_demo_styles/list_style_position.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/class_demo_styles/list_style_position.html
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To Create a CSS File and a Style Rule for the Body Element
In Web2/*in css Style for body specifies a background color */body {background-image: url("../images/wall.gif"); }
In styles.css
; /* Pale Canary color [close to Yellow] */
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• One way to align webpage content is to use the text-align property, which applies to block elements
• The text-align property can use left (the default), center, right, or justify as its value
• For example, the following rule centers an h1 element: h1 {
text-align: center;color: blue; }
Aligning Webpage Content
/* the followings are added (styles-h1_p.css */h1 { text-align: left; color: blue; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px red; }p { text-align: center; color: darkred; }
Available in /html04/exercise/fitness04-h1_p.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/fitness04-h1_p.htmlAvailable in /html04/exercise/about-h1_p.htmlhttp://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html04/exercise/about-h1_p.html
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
What is (are) differences between
fitness04.html &
fitness04-h1_p.html ?
fitness04-h1_p.htmlabout-h1_p.html&styles-h1_p.css; in /chenta/html04/exercise/
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
/* the followings are added (styles-h1_p.css */h1 { text-align: left; color: blue; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px red; }p { text-align: center; color: darkred; }
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
p { text-align: center; color: darkred; }
Difference between these two versions?
Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML
Chapter 4 Complete
HTML5 & CSS8th Edition