chapter 4 cells, tissues and organs. objectives explain the importance of cells and their function...
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Chapter 4cells, tissues and organs
Objectives
Explain the importance of cells and their function in the horse
Identify the parts and organelles of cells
List and describe the functions of each of the major types of specialized animal cells
List the cell organelles and functions of each part
Describe how specialized cells are organized to form a tissue type
List and describe the six types of specialized animal tissues and their functions
Describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Describe blood and its function
Cellular respiration is driven by the mitochondria in the cell
Glucose converted to ATP Sugar to energy
Glycolysis
Energy – needed by the cell to live
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy
Cell components
Plasma membrane – thin membrane of fats and proteins that surround the cell
Nucleus – storage of genetic material and directs the activity of the cell
Ribosomes – used in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum – important in protein production
Goigt body (apparatus)- site of protein and lipid accumulation
Centrioles – appear as triple tubules – used in cell division
Microfilaments, microtubules, lysosomes, storage particles – cytoplasm,
Morphogenesis
Organisms start as one cell – divide and replicate by mitosis.
Organism develops into thousand of billions of cells Morphogenesis
Not only division, but differentiation of cells for different purposes.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Types of cells
Absorptive cells Often found as continuous sheets – epithelial cells lining intestines,
kidneys, large surface area. (figure 4-6)
Secretory cells Cells that produce something to be used elsewhere – collected in
Golgi bodies and released
Nerve cells- transmit electrical messages throughout the body
Sensory Cells – respond to stimuli by emitting electrical signals Rods in the eye
Free nerve endings
Types of cells (cont’d)
Muscle Cells Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth (Involuntary)
Reproductive cells Formed at the completion of meiosis
Tissues
Nerve
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective tissue Contain large amounts of extracellular tissue
Tendons
Cartilage
Arterial walls
Tissues (cont’d)
Fluid tissue Blood
Plasma
Transport – mostly water
Clotting factors
Salts – muscle contraction, nerve impulses etc.
Carries nutrients to and waste from the cell
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
White blood cells
Antibodies
Platelets
Early clotting
Lymph
Organs
Group(s) of specialized tissues that perform a specific function. Examples?
What types of cells?
Flowchart
Cells – tissues – organs - organism