chapter 4 analysis & observations -...

131

Chapter 4

ANALYSIS & OBSERVATIONS _______________________________________________________________

As already mentioned, the present study has been carried out in all the 58

Engineering College Libraries located in the three north coastal districts of

Andhra Pradesh. There are a total of 116 library professionals are working in

these colleges at the time of the survey and a complete coverage of these

116 professionals has been done for the study. In this chapter, the

information gathered has been analyzed and the observations made are

discussed, in view of the set objectives of the study.

The observations are broadly presented under four different sections – i)

Technology available at work place ii) Knowledge & Use of Technology iii)

Training needs and iv) Attitude and Opinion on Technology. Under each of

these sections, the responses were presented for different components of ICT

separately. Before going into the main presentation, details of the Engineering

Colleges covered in the three districts and Year of establishment and year of

accreditation of these colleges has been presented.

The observations were tabulated so as to present a comparison between the

accredited and non-accredited colleges, the three districts and selected

background variables of the professionals like age group, gender, designation

132

and work experience. This is important to mention here that, although

comparisons were made using percentages, any generalizations made

should be considered cautiously because of the small number of responses in

certain categories shown in cross tabulation.

4.1 Details of the Colleges Covered

Details of the 58 Engineering Colleges covered from the three north

coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh have been listed in Table-4.1.

133

Table- 4.1: List of Engineering colleges covered

S.No Name of the College S.No Name of the College

SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT

VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT

1 Aditya Institute of Technology & Management

1 Amaksik College of Technology & Management

2 GMR Institute of Technology

2 AU College of Engineering

3 Prajna Institute of Technology & Management

3 Al-Aman College of Engineering

4 Sarada Institute of Science, Technology & Management

4 GITAM University

5 Sri Sivani College of Engineering

5 Al-Ameer College of Engineering & Technology

6 Sri Sivani Institute of Technology

6 Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Science

7 Sri Vaishnavi College of Engineering

7 Avanthi Institute of Engineering & Technology

8 Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering & Technology

8 Chaitanya Engineering College

9 Mithra Institute of Technology

9 Dr. Bullaiah College of Engineering (W)

10 Shiva Rama Krishna College of Engineering & Technology

10 Dadi Institute of Engineering & Technology

11 Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering

12 Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (W)

VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT

13 Gandi Institute of Technology & Management

14 Kaushik College of Engineering

1 Avanthi Institute of Engineering & Technology

15 Pydah College of Engineering & Technology

2 Avanthi's Research & Technological Academy

16 Raghu Engineering College

3 Coastal Institute of Technology & Management

17 Raghu Institute of Technology

4 Gokul Institute of Technology & Science

18 Sankethika Vidya Parishad Engineering College

5 JNTU College of Engineering

19 Gonna Institute of Information Technology & Sciences

6 Lendi Institute of Engineering & Technology

20 Nightingale Engineering College (W)

7 MVGR College of Engineering

21 Sankethika Vidya Parishad Engineering College

8 Praveenya Institute of Marine Engineering

22 Simhadri Educational Society - Engineering College

9 Sri Gnaneswari Research & Technological Academy (W)

23 Sri Chaitanya Engineering College

10 St Theresa Institute of Engineering & Technology

24 VLNS Educational Trust's Group of Institutions

11 Thandra Paparaya Institute of Science & Technology

25 Vignan's Institute of Engineering (W)

12 Brindavan Group of Institutions Engineering College

26 Baba Institute of Technology & Sciences

13 Satya College of Technology & Management

27 Vizag Institute of Technology

14 Swamy Vivekananda Engineering College

28 Vignan's Institute of Information Technology

15 Miracle Educational Society Group of Institutions

29 Visakha Institute of Engineering & Technology

16 GVP College of PG Courses & Technology

30 Visakha Institute of Technology & Sciences

31 Viswanadha Institute of Technology & Management

134

Out of the total 58 colleges, 10 are in Srikakulam district, 16 are in

Vizianagaram district and the remaining 32 are in Visakhapatnam district. It is

already mentioned that one engineering college in Visakhapatnam (AU College

of Engineering for Women) is not having a separate library and hence the sample

from Visakhapatnam is 31 and the total libraries covered for the study are 57 and

the following observations are based on the responses elicited from these 57

college libraries.

4.2 Year of Establishment & Year of Accreditation Information relating to the year of establishment and year of accreditation

by the NBA for all these 57 colleges has been shown in Table-4.2.

Table- 4.2: Year of Establishment & Year of Accreditation

Year of

District Total

Srikakulam Vizianagaram Visakhapatnam

Establishment

1995 or before 0 0 2 2

1996 - 2000 2 1 3 6

2001 - 2005 1 4 8 13

2006 - 2010 7 11 18 36

Accreditation

No 8 13 25 46

Yes 2 3 6 11

Year Accredited

2005 or before 0 0 2 2

2006 - 2010 2 3 4 9

Total 10 16 31 57

It can be seen that before the year 2001, the number of engineering

colleges in this part of the state is not much (8 out of 57). The growth of private

engineering colleges attained pace after 2000 and 49 more colleges were set up

135

during the decade 2001-2010. Most of the colleges (36 out of 57) have been

established during the period 2006 – 2010. Though the trend is similar, the

number of colleges established in Visakhapatnam district is more compared to

the other two districts because of obvious reasons.

Out of the total 57 colleges, only 11 (19.3 percent) have been accredited

by the NBA and the remaining 46 are non-accredited colleges. Out of the 11

accredited colleges, 9 were accredited during 2006-2010 and the remaining 2

from Visakhapatnam district got accreditation by the NBA before 2006.

Section – 1 TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE AT WORK PLACE

The main focus of the present study is around the Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) which comprises of different technologies such

as computer technology, communication media technology, audio visual

technology, network infrastructure etc. Facilities available and status of these

different technologies in the 57 college libraries covered in the present study

have been presented and discussed in this section. This discussion is based on

the information provided by the librarians of the 57 libraries. The observations

were cross tabulated by district and status of accreditation so as to facilitate

comparison among the three districts and also between the accredited and non-

accredited colleges.

4.3.1 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

In order to put computer technology into use, automation, software and

Databases are considered important and information on the availability of these

facilities in the 57 libraries covered is presented here.

136

4.3.1.1: Status of Library Automation

Details relating to the status of automation in the 57 libraries are shown in

Table-4.3 by district and status of accreditation.

Table-4.3: Status of Library Automation

Background Variable n

Status of Library Automation

Complete Partial

No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 5 50.0 5 50.0

Vizianagaram 16 9 56.3 7 43.8

Visakhapatnam 31 19 61.3 12 38.7

Chi-square Value (df 2) = 0.420

NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 8 72.7 3 27.3

Not Accredited 46 25 54.3 21 45.7


TOTAL 57 33 57.9 24 42.1

* Value Significant at 5% level

137

In all, 33 out of the 57 (58 percent) libraries covered reported complete

automation and 24 (42 percent) reported partial automation. The percentage

reporting complete automation is 61 percent in Visakhapatnam district followed

by 56 percent in Vizianagaram district and 50 percent in Srikakulam district. The

Chi-square value does not indicate significant difference in the reported status of

library automation among the three districts.

As expected, all the 11 accredited college libraries were automated – 8

(73 percent) completely and 3 (27 percent) partially. Out of the 46 non-accredited

college libraries, 25 (54 percent) were completely automated and 21 (46 percent

were partially automated.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Srik

aku

lam

Viz

ian

agar

am

Vis

akh

apat

nam

NB

A A

ccre

dit

ed

No

t A

ccre

dit

edDistrict Acreditation TOTAL

50.0

56.361.3

72.7

54.357.9

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Fig.4.1: Libraries with Complete Automation

138

4.3.1.2: Library Software Used Information on the type of Library Software package used in the 57

libraries is presented in Table-4.4.

Table-4.4: Library Software Package Used in the Library


Library Software Package Used

Commercial Developed Free

No % No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 9 90.0 1 10.0 0 0.0

Vizianagaram 16 12 75.0 3 18.8 1 6.3

Visakhapatnam 31 27 87.1 3 9.7 1 3.2


NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 10 90.9 1 9.1 0 0.0

Not Accredited 46 38 82.6 6 13.1 2 4.3


TOTAL 57 48 84.2 7 12.3 2 3.5


139

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

NBA Accredited

Not Accredited

Dis

tric

tA

cred

itat

ion

TOTA

L

90.0

75.0

87.1

90.9

82.6

84.2

10.0

18.8

9.7

9.1

13.1

12.3

0.0

6.3

3.2

0.0

4.3

3.5

Percentage

Fig.4.2: Type of Software Used

Commercial Developed Free

140

In 48 out of the 57 (84 percent) libraries are using Commercial

Software, 7 are using Developed Software (12 percent) and 2 are using Free

Software (4 percent). The percentage reporting use of Commercial Software by

district is 90 in Srikakulam, 87 in Visakhapatnam and 75 in Vizianagaram

districts. The percentage using developed and free software is relatively more in

Vizianagaram district.

10 out of the 11 accredited college libraries (91 percent) are using

Commercial Software and the remaining 9 percent are using Developed

Software. The percentage reporting use of Commercial Software among the non-

accredited college libraries is 83 and those using the Developed Software is 13

and 4 percent are using Free Software.

4.3.1.3: Database Management System Used

Information on the Database Management System used in the libraries

covered in the present study is presented in Table-4.5.

141

Table-4.5: Database Management System Used in the Library


Database Management System Used

No D

BM

S

DO

TN

ET

LIN

UX

OR

AC

LE

SQ

L

AS

P/

DO

TN

ET

AS

P/

OR

AC

LE

AS

P/S

QL

District

Srikakulam 10 (5)

50.0 -- (2)

20.0 (1)

10.0 (2)

20.0 -- -- --

Vizianagaram 16 --

(5) 31.3 --

(4) 25.0

(7) 43.7 -- -- --

Visakhapatnam

31 (4)

12.9 (4)

12.9 -- (9)

29.0 (10) 32.3

(1) 3.2

(1) 3.2

(2) 6.4

Chi-square Value (df 14) = 29.203*

NBA Accreditatio

n

NBA Accredited

11 --

(2) 18.2 --

(4) 36.4

(4) 36.4 -- --

(1) 9.1

Not Accredited 46 (9)

19.6 (7)

15.2 (2) 4.3

(10) 21.7

(15) 32.6

(1) 2.2

(1) 2.2

(1) 2.2


TOTAL 57 (9)

15.8 (9)

15.8 (2) 3.5

(14) 24.6

(19) 33.3

(1) 1.8

(1) 1.8

(2) 3.5

Note: Figures in Brackets indicate frequencies * Value Significant at 5% level

Out of the 57 libraries, 19 libraries (33 percent) are having SQL database

and this is followed by ORACLE in 14 (25 percent) and DOTNET in 9 (16

percent) libraries. Other types are reported by relatively few libraries. In 9

libraries, no database is reported.

More or less similar trend is noticed in the three districts with statistically

significant difference in the responses. Half of the libraries in Srikakulam district

have not reported any database. SQL is the popular database in use in

Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts.

Out of the 11 accredited college libraries, 4 each (36 percent each)

reported SQL and ORACLE, 2 reported DOTNET and one reported ASP/SQL.

142

Among the non-accredited college libraries, there is no database in 9, SQL is

reported in 15, ORACLE in 10 and DOTNET in 7 libraries.

4.3.2 NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

An attempt is made here to gather information relating to the availability of

facilities like LAN, Type of Network, Type of Internet connection and facilities for

use of e-resources.

4.3.2.1 LAN Facility in the Campus

Information on the availability of LAN Facility in the engineering college

campus as reported by the 57 librarians is shown in Table-4.6.

Table-4.6: Availability of LAN Facility in the College Campus


LAN Facility in the Campus

Available Not Available

No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 10 100.0 -- --

Vizianagaram 16 16 100.0 -- --



NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 11 100.0 -- --

Not Accredited 46 44 95.7 2 4.3


TOTAL 57 55 96.5 2 3.5


Out of the 57 libraries covered in the study, 55 librarians (97 percent)

reported that LAN facility is available in their college campuses.

143

This facility is not available in two non-accredited colleges from Visakhapatnam

district. All colleges in Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts have reported

availability of LAN facility in their college campuses.

All the NBA accredited colleges are having LAN facility in their college campuses.

4.3.2.2 Type of Network Available in the Library Information on the type of network available in the 57 college libraries is

shown in Table-4.7.

In 29 out of the 57 libraries (51 percent), the type of network reported is

Optical Fibre Cables (OFC) and in 21 (37 percent) it is Data Cables while the

remaining 7 libraries have reported Wi-Fi network.

Table-4.7: Type of Network Available in the Library

Background Variable N

Type of Network Available

OFC Data Cable Wi-Fi

No % No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 3 30.0 2 20.0 5 50.0

Vizianagaram 16 7 43.8 7 43.8 2 12.5

Visakhapatnam 31 19 61.3 12 38.7 -- --


NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 6 54.5 3 27.3 2 18.2

Not Accredited 46 23 50.0 18 39.1 5 10.9


TOTAL 57 29 50.9 21 36.8 7 12.3


144

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

NBA Accredited

Not Accredited

Dis

tric

tA

cred

itat

ion

TOTA

L

30.0

43.8

61.3

54.5

50.0

50.9

20.0

43.8

38.7

27.3

39.1

36.8

50.0

12.5

0

18.2

10.9

12.3

Percentage

Fig.4.3: Type of Network Available

OFC Data Cable Wi-Fi

145

Similar trend is observed in Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts while

the Wi-Fi network is not reported in Visakhapatnam districts. In this regard, the

variation among the three districts is found significant.

Among the 11 NBA accredited college libraries, 6 (55 percent) are having

OFC, 3 (27 percent) are having Data Cable and 2 (18 percent) are having Wi-Fi

network.

4.3.2.3 Type of Internet Connection in the Library

Information on the type of Internet connection reported in the 57 college

libraries is shown in Table-4.8.

Table-4.8: Type of Internet Connection in the Library


Type of Internet Connection

Dial Up Broad Band (DSL)

Leased Line

No % No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 1 10.0 6 60.0 3 30.0

Vizianagaram 16 8 50.0 4 25.0 4 25.0

Visakhapatnam 31 20 64.5 7 22.6 4 12.9


NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 6 54.5 3 27.3 2 18.2

Not Accredited 46 23 50.0 14 30.4 9 19.6


TOTAL 57 29 50.9 17 29.8 11 19.3


146

Twenty-nine out of the total 57 colleges (51 percent) have reported

availability of Dial Up type of internet connection in their libraries. Broad Band

(DSL) connection is reported in 17 (30 percent) and Leased Line is reported in 11

(19 percent) college libraries.

Six out of the 10 college libraries (60 percent) in Srikakulam district are

having Broad Band (DSL) connection while 65 percent of the libraries in

Visakhapatnam and 50 percent in Vizianagaram have reported Dial Up

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Srik

aku

lam

Viz

ian

agar

am

Vis

akh

apat

nam

NB

A A

ccre

dit

ed

No

t A

ccre

dit

ed

District Acreditation TOTAL

10

.0

50

.0

64

.5

54

.5

50

.0

50

.9

60

.0

25

.0

22

.6 27

.3 30

.4

29

.8

30

.0

25

.0

12

.9

18

.2

19

.6

19

.3

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Fig.4.4: Type of Internet Connection

Dial Up Broad Band (DSL) Leased Line

147

connection. The variation in the reported type of internet connection among the

three districts is statistically significant.

Six out of the 11 NBA accredited colleges (55 percent) have reported Dial

Up connection, another 3 (27 percent) reported Broad Band and 2 (18 percent)

reported Leased Line internet connections in their libraries. Among the colleges

that were not accredited also, the Dial up connection is reported more (50

percent) than the Broad Band (30 percent) and Leased Line (20 percent)

connections.

4.3.2.4 Facilities for use of E-resources

In order to make best use of the available electronic sources of

information, the library should have adequate number of computers for the

students, and the internet speed should be at correct level and there should be a

separate server for organizing the e-resources. Information on the availability of

these facilities in the colleges covered is presented in Table-4.9.

148

Table-4.9: Facilities for Use of Electronic Resources in the Library


Facility for Use of E-Resources

Internet Speed Server for Organizing

E-resources No of PCs for

Students

Enough

Not -Enough

Available Not

Available Adequate

Not Adequat

e

District

Srikakulam 10 (9) 90.0 (1) 10.0 (10) 100.0 -- (9) 90.0 (1) 10.0

Vizianagaram 16 (13) 81.3 (3) 18.7 (15) 93.8 (1) 6.2 (14) 87.5 (2) 12.5

Visakhapatnam 31

(22) 71.0 (9) 29.0 (28) 90.3 (3) 9.7 (29) 93.5 (2) 6.5

Chi-square Value (df 2) 1.764 1.105 0.505

NBA Accreditatio

n

NBA Accredited 11 (8) 72.7 (3) 27.3

(11) 100.0 -- (8) 72.7 (3) 27.3

Not Accredited 46 (36) 78.3

(10) 21.7 (42) 91.3 (4) 8.7 (44) 95.7 (2) 4.3

Chi-square Value (df 1) 0.154 1.029 5.830*

TOTAL 57 (44) 77.2

(13) 22.8 (53) 93.0 (4) 7.0 (52) 91.2 (5) 8.8

Note: Figures in Brackets indicate frequencies * Value Significant at 5% level

149

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

NBA Accredited

Not Accredited

Dis

tric

tA

cred

itat

ion

TOTA

L

90.0

81.3

71.0

72.7

78.3

77.2

100.0

93.8

90.3

100.0

91.3

93.0

90.0

87.5

93.5

72.7

95.7

91.2

Percentage

Fig.4.5: Facility for Use of E-Resources

Sufficient Internet Speed Having Server for Organizing E-resources

Adequate Number of PCs for Students

150

On the whole, 44 out of the 57 libraries (77 percent) reported that they are

having enough internet speed, 53 libraries (93 percent) reported availability of a

server for organizing e-resources and 52 libraries (91 percent) reported adequate

number of PCs for the students. The same trend is observed in the colleges from

the three districts.

Among the NBA accredited college libraries, in 8 libraries, the internet

speed and number of PCs are reported to be enough and all 11 libraries have

reported availability of a server for organizing e-resources. The difference in the

adequacy of PCs between accredited and not accredited colleges is found

statistically significant.

4.3.3 COMMUNICATION MEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Information is also elicited from the 57 librarians about the availability of

facilities relating to communication technology and availability of different means

of communication and membership of the college library in any educational

network.

4.3.3.1 Different Means of Communication Available

All the 57 librarians have reported that their libraries are having the

required facilities related to communication media technology. Details of different

means of communication reported as available in their libraries are presented in

Table-4.10.

It is observed that all the 57 libraries are having Internet and E-mail

facilities.

Fax facility is reported in 48 out of the 57 libraries (84 percent). This is

reported in 9 out of the 10 libraries from Srikakulam, 12 of the 16 libraries from

151

Vizianagaram and 27 of the 31 libraries from Visakhapatnam district. Fax facility

is available in 8 out of the 11 NBA accredited college libraries.

Table-4.10: Different Means of Communication Available in the Library


Different Means of Communication Available

E-m

ail

Fax

Tele

x

Inte

rne

t

Intr

ane

t

Extr

anet

Voic

e m

ail

Tele

Confe

renc

e

District

Srikakulam 10 (10) 100.0

(9) 90.0

(5) 50.0

(10) 100.0

(8) 80.0

(1) 10.0

(2) 20.0

(2) 20.0

Vizianagaram 16 (16) 100.0

(12) 75.0

(10) 62.5

(16) 100.0

(14) 87.5

(9) 56.3

(7) 43.8

(5) 31.3

Visakhapatnam

31 (31) 100.0

(27) 87.1

(24) 77.4

(31) 100.0

(28) 90.3

(22) 71.0

(14) 45.2

(16) 51.6

NBA Accreditatio

n

NBA Accredited

11 (11) 100.0

(8) 72.7

(5) 45.5

(11) 100.0

(10) 90.9

(7) 63.6

(4) 36.4

(4) 36.4


(38) 82.6

(34) 73.9

(46) 100.0

(40) 87.0

(25) 54.3

(19) 41.3

(19) 41.3

TOTAL 57 (57) 100.0

(48) 84.2

(39) 68.4

(57) 100.0

(50) 87.7

(32) 56.1

(23) 40.4

(23) 40.4

Note: Figures in Brackets indicate frequencies

152

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

E-mail

Fax

Telex

Internet

Intranet

Extranet

Voice mail

Tele Conference

100.0

84.2

68.4

100.0

87.7

56.1

40.4

40.4

Percentage

Fig.4.6:Different Means of Communication Available in the Library

153

Telex facility is reported in 39 of the total 57 libraries (68 percent). This

facility is reported in 5 out of the 10 libraries from Srikakulam, 10 of the 16

libraries from Vizianagaram and 24 of the 31 libraries from Visakhapatnam

district. Telex facility is available in 5 out of the 11 NBA accredited college

libraries.

Intranet facility is reported in 50 of the total 57 libraries (88 percent). This

facility is reported in 1 out of the 10 libraries from Srikakulam, 9 of the 16 libraries

from Vizianagaram and 22 of the 31 libraries from Visakhapatnam district.

Extranet facility is available in 7 out of the 11 NBA accredited college libraries.

Extranet facility is reported in 32 of the total 57 libraries (56 percent). This

facility is reported in 8 out of the 10 libraries from Srikakulam, 14 of the 16

libraries from Vizianagaram and 28 of the 31 libraries from Visakhapatnam

district. Telex facility is available in 10 out of the 11 NBA accredited college

libraries.

Twenty three out of the total 57 libraries (56 percent) reported availability

of Voice mail facility. This facility is reported in 2 out of the 10 libraries from

Srikakulam, 7 of the 16 libraries from Vizianagaram and 14 of the 31 libraries

from Visakhapatnam district. Voice mail facility is available in 4 out of the 11 NBA

accredited college libraries.

Twenty three out of the total 57 libraries (56 percent) reported availability

of Tele-conference facility. This facility is reported in 2 out of the 10 libraries from

Srikakulam, 5 of the 16 libraries from Vizianagaram and 16 of the 31 libraries

154

from Visakhapatnam district. Tele-conference facility is available in 4 out of the

11 NBA accredited college libraries.

4.3.3.2 Membership of the Library in Educational Network

All the librarians interviewed in the study were asked whether their library

has membership in any educational network, and if so, what is the network?

Details are shown in Table-4.11.

Fifty-four out of the 57 libraries (95 percent) have reported membership in

one or more educational networks. Most of the libraries (93 percent) have

membership in AICTE network, with the exception of 4 college libraries in

Visakhapatnam district.

Table-4.11: Membership of the Library in Educational Network


Membership in Network

Name of the Network**

No Yes

AIC

TE

IND

ES

T

DE

LN

ET

IET

E

SO

NE

T

INF

ON

ET

INF

LIB

NE

T

NIS

CA

IR

NP

TE

L

District

Srikakulam 10 -- (10) 100.0

(10) 100.0

(3) 30.0 -- --

(1) 10.0 -- -- --

Vizianagaram 16 (2) 12.5

(14) 87.5

(14) 100.0

(4) 28.6

(3) 21.4 -- -- -- --

(1) 7.1

Visakhapatnam 31 (1) 3.2

(30) 96.8

(26) 86.7

(13) 43.3

(8) 26.7

(4) 13.3

(2) 6.7

(2) 6.7

(1) 1.3 --

NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 -- (11) 100.0

(11) 100.0

(9) 81.8

(1) 9.1

(2) 18.2

(3) 27.3

(2) 18.2

(1) 9.1 --


(43) 93.5

(39) 90.7

(11) 25.6

(10) 23.3

(2) 4.7 -- -- --

(1) 2.3

TOTAL 57 (3) 5.3

(54) 94.7

(50) 92.6

(20) 37.0

(11) 20.4

(4) 7.4

(3) 5.6

(2) 3.7

(1) 1.9

(1) 1.9

Note: Figures in Brackets indicate frequencies ** Multiple Responses

155

All the 10 college libraries in Srikakulam, 14 out of 16 in Vizianagaram and

30 of the 31 in Visakhapatnam district have membership in educational networks.

All the 11 NBA accredited college libraries have membership in such network.

AICTE INDEST is the network where most of the libraries obtained

membership. Next, 37 percent are members of DELNET, 20 percent are

members of IETE, 7percent reported membership in SONET and , 6 INFONET,

4 percent in INFLIBNET and 2 percent each have membership in NISCAIR and

NPTEL networks. More or less similar trend is noticed across the three districts

and by status of accreditation.

80.0

82.0

84.0

86.0

88.0

90.0

92.0

94.0

96.0

98.0

100.0

Srik

aku

lam

Viz

ian

agar

am

Vis

akh

apat

nam

NB

A A

ccre

dit

ed

No

t A

ccre

dit

ed

District Acreditation TOTAL

100.0

87.5

96.8

100.0

93.5

94.7

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Fig.4.7: Membership in Educational Networks

156

4.3.4 AUDIO VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

Facilities pertaining to the use of audio video technology as reported

available by the 57 librarians in their respective college libraries are shown in

Table-4.12.

Table-4.12: Facility for Using AV Technology


AV Technology LCD

Available Not

Available Available Not

Available

No % No % No % No %

District

Srikakulam 10 8 80.0 2 20.0 7 70.0 3 30.0

Vizianagaram 16 15 93.8 1 6.2 15 93.8 1 6.2

Visakhapatnam 31 30 96.8 1 3.2 30 96.8 1 3.2

Chi-square Value (df 2) 3.281 6.949*

NBA Accreditation

NBA Accredited 11 10 90.9 1 9.1 10 90.9 1 9.1

Not Accredited 46 43 93.5 3 6.5 42 91.3 4 8.7

Chi-square Value (df 1) 0.089 0.008

TOTAL 57 53 93.0 4 7.0 52 91.2 5 8.8


157

0 20 40 60 80 100

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

NBA Accredited

Not Accredited

Dis

tric

tA

cred

itat

ion

TOTA

L

80.0

93.8

96.8

90.9

93.5

93.0

70.0

93.8

96.8

90.9

91.3

91.2

Percentage

Fig.4.8: Facility for Using AV Technology

AV Technology LCD

158

Audio Video Technology facilities are available in 53 of the total 57

libraries (93 percent) and are not reported in 4 libraries (2 from Srikakulam and

one each from Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts). Ten out of the 11

NBA accredited colleges have reported facilities for using A V Technology in their

libraries.

In 52 college libraries (91 percent), LCD is reported to be available. Seven

of the 10 libraries in Srikakulam, 15 of the 16 in Vizianagaram and 30 of the 31 in

Visakhapatnam have reported availability of LCD. Ten of the 11 accredited

college libraries are having LCD.

Section – 2 KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF ICT

[INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY]

In this section, the levels of knowledge and extent of use of different

components of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the

library professionals is presented. The presentation (in this section and other

sections that follow) is made separately for different technologies such as

computer technology, communication media technology, audio visual technology,

printing and publishing etc. This discussion is based on the information obtained

from 116 library professionals from the 57 college libraries covered for the

present study. Before going into the main discussion, it is necessary to have a

look at the profile of the respondents.

159

4.4 BRIEF PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

It is already mentioned that all the library professionals currently working

in the 57 college libraries were interviewed for the present study. The total 116

respondents comprise - 20 (17 percent) from Srikakulam district (10 libraries); 29

(25 percent) from Vizianagaram district (16 libraries) and 67 (58 percent) from

Visakhapatnam district (31 libraries). About 26 percent are from NBA accredited

colleges and 74 percent from non-accredited colleges. As the study employed

complete coverage instead of sample coverage, the observations made from the

total responses should have more validity.

Table-4.13: Brief Profile of the Library Professionals Covered in the Study

Background Variable

District TOTAL

Srikakulam Vizianagaram Visakhapatnam

No % No % No % No %

Gender Male 15 75.0 20 69.0 48 71.6 83 71.6

Female 5 25.0 9 31.0 19 28.4 33 28.4

Age (Yrs) - 35 9 45.0 18 62.1 37 55.2 64 55.2

35 + 11 55.0 11 37.9 30 44.8 52 44.8

Academic Qualification

UG 3 15.0 0 0.0 5 7.5 8 6.9

PG 17 85.0 29 100.0 62 92.5 108 93.1

Professional Qualification

MLISc 17 85.0 29 100.0 58 86.6 104 89.7

MLISc + M.Phil/PhD 3 15.0 0 0.0 9 13.4 12 10.3

Designation

Librarian 11 55.0 16 55.2 30 44.8 57 49.1

Asst. Librarian 6 30.0 12 41.4 29 43.3 47 40.5

Library Asst. 3 15.0 1 3.4 8 11.9 12 10.3

Experience (Yrs)

- 10 14 70.0 19 65.5 47 70.1 80 69.0

10 + 6 30.0 10 34.5 20 29.9 36 31.0

College NBA Accredited 7 35.0 6 20.7 17 25.4 30 25.9

Non-accredited 13 65.0 23 79.3 50 74.6 86 74.1

TOTAL 20 100.0 29 100.0 67 100.0 116 100.0

160

71.6

28.4

55.2

44.8

6.9

93.1

89.7

10.3

49.1

40.5

10.3

69.0

31.0

25.9

74.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Male

Female

- 35

35 +

UG

PG

MLISc

MLISc + Mphil/PhD

Librarian

Asst.Librarian

Library Asst.

- 10

10 +

NBA Accredited

Non-accredited

Gen

der

Ag

e (Y

rs)

Aca

dem

ic

Qu

alif

icat

ion

P

rofe

ssio

nal

Q

ual

ific

atio

nD

esig

nat

ion

Exp

erie

nce

(Y

rs)

Co

lleg

e

Percentage

Fig.4.9: Brief Profile of the Librarians

161

By gender, the total respondents comprise of 83 males (72 percent) and

33 females (28 percent). The mean age of the respondents is 35.3 years and 64

(55 percent) are in the age group of 35 years or below while the remaining 52 (45

percent) are above 35 years of age.

Most of the respondents (93 percent) have PG Degree as their academic

qualification and all are having M.L.I.Sc., as professional qualification and 10

percent are having M.Phil or Ph.D. degree in addition to M.L.I.Sc. As the group is

homogenous with regard to Qualification, this variable is not taken into

consideration in analyzing the responses.

By designation, about 49 percent are in the cadre of Librarian, 41 percent

are in the cadre of Assistant Librarian and the remaining 10 percent are working

as Library Assistants. Coming to the work experience, 69 percent are having an

experience of 10 years or less while the remaining 31 percent have more than 10

years of work experience.

While analyzing the different responses, variables like district and status of

accreditation, gender and age group, designation and work experience are

considered and the observations were cross tabulated accordingly so as to

facilitate comparison.

Most of the professionals have post-graduations in library science besides

post-graduations in other disciplines, and have some of them research degrees,

many of them pursuing their research degrees. Therefore the qualifications of

library professionals of studied engineering colleges are suitable to introduce any

kind of electronic services in libraries.

162

4.5 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF ICT 4.5.1 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

All the 116 respondents were asked to mention whether they have the

knowledge of different aspects of computer technology and also whether they

have ever used them. Their responses are shown in Table-4.14 in percentages.

All the 116 respondents reported knowledge of computers and 97 are

aware of different types of computers. About 98 percent have reported use of

computers. Knowledge of writing computer programmes is reported by 78

percent while 70 percent have reported using this ability. About 89 percent are

aware of Library Software Packages and 87 percent of them have reported that

they have used library software packages.

Table-4.14: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Computer Technology

Different Components of Computer Technology

Percentage Reporting

Knowledge Use

Computers 100.0 98.3

Types of Computers 97.4 ---

Writing Programmes 78.4 69.8

Library Software Packages 88.8 87.1

OPACs 95.7 83.6

MARC 91.4 70.7

Database Management 87.1 82.8

Online databases 82.8 81.0

CD-ROMs & DVDs 86.2 79.3

CD-ROM databases 73.3 71.6

Image databases 51.7 46.6

Personal Reference databases 45.7 42.2

163

0 20 40 60 80 100

Computers

Types of Computers

Writing Programmes

Library Software Packages

OPACs

MARC

Database Management

Online databases

CD-ROMs & DVDs

CD-ROM databses

Image databases

Personal Reference databases

100.0

97.4

78.4

88.8

95.7

91.4

87.1

82.8

86.2

73.3

51.7

45.7

98.3

0

69.8

87.1

83.6

70.7

82.8

81.0

79.3

71.6

46.6

42.2

Percentage

Fig.4.10: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different components of Computer Technology

Knowledge

Use

164

Knowledge about OPACs is reported by 96 percent and about MARC by

91 percent while 84 percent have used OPACs and 71 percent MARC. About 87

percent know about Database Management and 83 percent of them used the

same. Eighty six percent know about CD-ROMs & DVDs while 79 percent of

them reported use of them. Nearly 83 percent know about Online databases

while 81 percent of them used them.

In the same way, knowledge of CD-ROM databases is reported by 73

percent, knowledge of Image databases by 52 percent and knowledge of

personal reference databases by 46 percent. Use of CD-ROM databases is

reported by about 72 percent while those who reported use of image databases

and personal reference databases is less than 50 percent (47 and 42 percent

respectively).

4.5.1.1 Knowledge & Use of Computer Technology by background

Variables

The percentage of respondents reporting knowledge and use of different

components of computer technology is cross tabulated by background variables

and presented separately by district and status of accreditation, gender and age

group, designation and work experience.

4.5.1.1A By District and Status of Accreditation

The responses relating to knowledge and use of computer technology are

shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.15.

The percentage reporting knowledge of different components relating to

computer technology is found to be relatively less in Srikakulam district

165

compared to Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. The difference between

Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is not much with regard to these reported

percentages.

However, the difference among the three districts in these percentage

responses is found statistically significant with regard to knowledge of different

types of computers, writing programmes, knowledge of library software

packages, OPACs, Database management and knowledge of CD-ROMs &

DVDs.

In the same way, the percentage reporting knowledge of the different

aspects listed is more in case of the NBA accredited colleges than in the non-

accredited colleges. The difference between the NBA accredited and non-

accredited college libraries in these percentage responses is found statistically

significant with regard to writing programmes, knowledge of library software

packages, MARC, online databases, CD-ROMs & DVDs, CD-ROM databases

and image databases.

166

Table-4.15: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Computer Technology by District & Status of Accreditation


District & Status of Accreditation

District NBA Accreditation

SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-Square Value (df 2)

YES NO Chi-Square Value (df 1)

20 29 67 30 86

PERCENTAGE REPORTING KNOWLEDGE OF

Computers 100.0 100.0 100.0 -- 100.0 100.0 --

Types of Computers 85.0 100.0 100.0 14.782* 100.0 96.5 1.074

Writing Programmes 50.0 79.3 86.6 12.199* 60.0 84.9 8.146*

Library Software Packages 65.0 96.6 92.5 14.076* 100.0 84.9 5.107*

OPACs 80.0 100.0 98.5 14.533* 100.0 94.2 1.823

MARC 80.0 96.6 92.5 4.387 100.0 88.4 3.817*

Database Management 70.0 89.7 91.0 6.288* 90.0 96.0 0.309

Online databases 70.0 86.2 85.1 2.775 96.7 77.9 5.486*

CD-ROMs & DVDs 70.0 93.1 91.0 14.031* 100.0 81.4 6.474*

CD-ROM databases 70.0 79.3 77.6 0.209 96.7 67.4 11.306*

Image databases 60.0 41.4 59.7 1.899 70.0 45.3 5.412*

Personal Reference databases 50.0 41.4 47.8 0.969 43.3 50.0 2.489

PERCENTAGE REPORTING USE OF

Computers 90.0 100.0 100.0 9.768* 100.0 97.7 0.710

Writing Programmes 30.0 79.3 77.6 18.222* 60.0 73.3 1.855

Library Software Packages 55.0 93.1 91.0 23.516* 90.0 83.1 0.309

OPACs 40.0 86.2 95.5 34.856* 93.3 80.2 2.787

MARC 45.0 58.6 83.6 13.784* 90.0 64.0 7.282*

Database Management 55.0 89.7 88.1 13.087* 90.0 80.2 1.487


CD-ROMs & DVDs 70.0 79.3 82.1 1.372 96.7 73.3 7.429*

CD-ROM databases 40.0 75.9 73.1 11.848* 83.3 65.1 2.759

Image databases 10.0 41.4 53.7 15.707* 50.0 45.3 0.193



167

Regarding the use of these listed components also, the reported

percentages are found to be relatively less in Srikakulam district compared to

Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. The difference between

Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is not much. With regard to use also the

percentages reported are more in accredited college libraries than in non-


The difference among the three districts in these percentages reporting

use is found statistically significant with regard to 8 of the 11 items listed with the

exception of three items - use of online databases, CD-ROMs & DVDs and

personal reference databases. On the other hand, between the accredited and

non-accredited college libraries, the difference in the percentage reporting use is

found to be statistically significant with regard to only three items - use of MARC,

online databases and CD-ROMs & DVDs.

4.5.1.1B By Gender and Age Group


shown by gender and age group in Table-4.16.

In general, it appears that there is not much difference between males

females, but, the percentage reporting knowledge of different types of computers,

writing programmes, database management, online databases and CD-ROMs &

DVDs is more among females while knowledge of the remaining items is

reported more by the males.

168

However, the difference between males and females in these percentage

responses is found statistically significant with regard to knowledge of writing

programmes and MARC.

Table-4.16: Percentage Reporting Knowledge of different Components of Computer Technology by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group

Gender Age Group (Yrs)

Male Female Chi-Square Value (df 1)

-35 35+ Chi-Square Value (df 1)

83 33 64 52


Computers 100.0 100.0 -- 100.0 100.0 --

Types of Computers 96.4 100.0 1.224 98.4 96.2 0.594

Writing Programmes 73.5 90.9 4.236* 85.9 69.2 4.737*

Library Software Packages 90.4 84.8 0.721 87.5 90.4 0.240

OPACs 97.6 90.9 2.555 96.9 94.2 0.486

MARC 95.2 81.8 5.352* 87.5 96.2 2.727

Database Management 86.7 87.9 0.027 84.3 90.4 0.920

Online databases 81.9 84.8 0.141 79.7 86.5 0.944

CD-ROMs & DVDs 85.5 87.9 0.108 84.4 88.5 0.403

CD-ROM databases 75.9 66.7 1.029 71.9 76.9 0.640

Image databases 54.2 45.5 0.726 53.1 50.0 0.112

Personal Reference databases 47.0 42.4 0.198 54.7 36.5 4.658*

PERCENTAGE REPORTING USE OF Computers 98.8 97.0 0.464 98.4 98.1 0.022

Writing Programmes 65.1 81.8 3.147 78.1 59.6 4.665*

Library Software Packages 88.0 84.8 0.202 85.9 88.5 0.162

OPACs 84.3 81.8 0.109 82.8 84.6 0.068

MARC 75.9 57.6 3.828* 67.2 75.0 0.845


Online databases 81.9 78.8 0.151 76.6 86.5 1.858

CD-ROMs & DVDs 83.1 69.7 2.597 78.1 80.8 0.122

CD-ROM databases 73.5 66.7 0.541 70.3 71.2 0.007

Image databases 50.6 36.4 1.924 51.6 40.4 1.441

Personal Reference databases 45.8 33.3 1.500 46.9 34.6 1.256


169

By age group, knowledge of the listed components of computer

technology appears more in the elder age group i.e. those who are aged above

35 years. However, the percentage reporting knowledge about types of

computers, writing programmes, OPACs, image databases and personal

reference databases is more among the younger group i.e. those who are aged

35 years or below. The difference between the two age groups is found

significant with regard to knowledge of writing programmes and personal

reference databases.

The percentage reporting use of the different items listed is more among

the males with the exception of two items – writing programmes and use of

database management system, which were reported more by the females. In the

same way, writing programmes, use of image and personal reference databases

are reported more by the younger group while the use of remaining items is

reported more by the elder group.

The difference between males and females in the percentage reporting

use is found statistically significant with regard to the use of MARC while the

difference between the two age groups is significant in case of writing

programmes.

4.5.1.1C By Designation & Work Experience


shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.17.

At the outset, it can be said that there is no marked difference in the

percentage reporting knowledge of different components listed for computer

170

technology by designation. However, the percentages are slightly better in

Assistant Librarian category. The computed chi-square values do not reveal any

significant difference in the responses among the three categories – librarian,

assistant librarian and library assistant.

Knowledge of these listed items is more among the senior group i.e. those

having more than 10 years of work experience with the exception of items like

writing programmes and knowledge of personal reference databases which were

reported more by the junior group i.e. those with 10 or less years of work

experience. However, significant difference between the two work experience

groups is found for – knowledge of writing programmes, MARC, online and CD-

ROM databases.

171

Table-4.17: Percentage Reporting Knowledge of different Components of Computer Technology by Designation & Work Experience


Designation & Work Experience

Designation Work Experience (Years)

Librarian Asst.

Librarian Library Asst. Chi-Square

Value (df 2)

- 10 10+ Chi-Square Value (df 1)

57 47 12 80 36


Computers 100.0 100.0 100.0 -- 100.0 100.0 --

Types of Computers 96.4 97.9 100.0 0.550 97.5 97.2 0.007

Writing Programmes 77.2 85.1 58.3 4.157 85.0 63.9 6.545*

Library Software Packages 89.5 89.4 83.3 0.401 86.3 94.4 1.675

OPACs 94.7 95.7 100.0 0.666 93.8 100.0 2.351

MARC 93.0 87.2 100.0 2.343 87.5 100.0 4.925*

Database Management 89.5 85.1 83.3 0.602 85.0 91.7 0.980


CD-ROMs & DVDs 84.2 89.4 83.3 0.668 86.3 91.7 0.001

CD-ROM databases 73.7 74.5 75.0 0.307 71.3 91.7 9.016*

Image databases 47.4 55.3 58.3 0.886 48.8 58.3 0.913


PERCENTAGE REPORTING USE OF Computers 98.2 97.9 100.0 0.256 98.7 97.2 0.342

Writing Programmes 68.4 76.6 50.0 3.315 72.5 63.9 0.874

Library Software Packages 87.7 89.4 75.0 1.793 85.0 91.7 0.980

OPACs 78.9 87.2 91.7 1.924 82.5 86.1 0.236

MARC 64.9 76.6 75.0 1.817 66.3 80.5 2.452


Online databases 82.5 78.7 75.0 0.691 76.3 86.1 0.411

CD-ROMs & DVDs 80.7 78.7 75.0 0.213 73.8 86.1 4.857*

CD-ROM databases 71.9 70.2 66.7 0.115 65.0 72.2 0.012

Image databases 47.4 48.9 33.3 0.965 45.0 50.0 0.249



172

With regard to use of the different items also, there are no marked

differences by designation. Here also, the percentages are slightly better in

Assistant Librarian category with regard to the use of most of the listed items.

The chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses

among the three categories.

Use of the listed items is reported more among the senior group i.e. those

having more than 10 years of work experience with the exception of items like

use of computers, writing programmes and knowledge of personal reference

databases which were reported more by the junior group i.e. those with 10 or

less years of work experience. However, significant difference between the two

work experience groups is found for with regard to the use of CD-ROMs & DVDs.

4.5.2 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Details relating to respondents‘ knowledge of different aspects of

communication media technology and extent of use are shown in Table-4.18 in

percentages.

It is quite welcoming to note that most of the respondents (97 percent) are

aware of the concept of communication and 89 percent know about the different

means of communication. Knowledge of ‗Browsers‘ is reported by 92 percent,

knowledge of ‗Search Engines‘ by 88 percent, ‗Bar Code‘ by 84 percent and

knowledge of ‗Digital / Virtual Library‘ by 75 percent.

173

Table-4.18: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Communication

media Technology

Different Components of

Communication Media Technology Percentage

KNOWLEDGE OF

Concept of Communication 96.6

Means of Communication 88.8

Browsers 92.2

Search Engines 87.9

Bar Code 83.6

Digital / Virtual Library 75.0

USE OF

Browsers 86.2

Search Engines 87.1

Bar Code 77.6

Multimedia 69.8

E-mail 77.6

Fax 86.2

Telex 78.4

Internet 94.0

Intranet 86.2

Extranet 60.3

Voice Mail 40.5

Tele Conference 41.4

174

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Concept of Communication

Means of Communication

Browsers

Search Engines

Bar Code

Digital / Virtual Library

Browsers

Search Engines

Bar Code

Multimedia

E-mail

Fax

Telex

Internet

Intranet

Extranet

Voice Mail

Tele Conference

KN

OW

LED

GE

OF

USE

OF

96.6

88.8

92.2

87.9

83.6

75.0

86.2

87.1

77.6

69.8

77.6

86.2

78.4

94.0

86.2

60.3

40.5

41.4

Percentage

Fig.4.11:Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Communication media Technology

175

Coming to the use of different means of communication, 94 percent

reported use of ‗Internet‘, 87 percent used ‗Search Engines‘ and 86 percent used

– Browsers, Fax and Intranet.

Use of E-mail, Telex and Bar Code are reported by 78 percent each and

70 percent have used multimedia and 60 percent reported use of Extranet.

Voice mail and Tele conference have been reported to be used by

relatively fewer respondents 40 and 41 percent respectively.

4.5.2.1 Knowledge & Use of Communication Media Technology by background Variables


components of communication media technology is cross tabulated by

background variables and presented separately by district and status of

accreditation, gender and age group, designation and work experience.


The responses relating to knowledge and use of communication media

technology are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.19.

176

Table-4.19: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different

Components of Communication Media Technology by District & Status of Accreditation

Different Components of Communication Media

Technology



SKLM

VZM

VSKP

Chi-Square

Value (df 2)


20 29 67 30 86


Concept of Communication 85.0 96.6 100.0 10.409* 86.7 100.

0 11.876*

Means of Communication 65.0 96.6 92.5 14.076* 83.3 90.7 1.212

Browsers 90.0 93.1 92.5 0.179 96.7 90.7 1.107

Search Engines 70.0 89.7 94.0 16.071* 100.

0 82.6 6.011*

Bar Code 70.0 75.9 80.6 1.061 86.7 72.1 5.770*

Digital / Virtual Library 70.0 65.5 80.6 2.777 86.7 70.9 2.937


Browsers 85.0 89.7 85.1 0.387 96.7 82.6 3.723

Search Engines 60.0 86.2 94.0 8.489* 93.3 86.0 1.113

Bar Code 70.0 86.2 86.6 3.275 93.3 82.6 0.274

Multimedia 40.0 72.4 77.6 10.465* 83.3 65.1 3.503

E-mail 60.0 72.4 85.0 6.164* 83.3 75.6 0.769

Fax 95.0 86.2 83.5 1.689 86.7 86.0 0.007

Telex 80.0 79.3 77.6 0.068 63.3 83.7 5.468*

Internet 75.0 96.6 98.5 15.466* 93.3 94.2 0.028

Intranet 65.0 93.1 89.6 9.355* 86.7 86.0 0.007

Extranet 36.0 72.4 62.7 7.287* 60.0 60.5 0.002

Voice Mail 10.0 34.5 52.2 11.989* 36.7 41.9 0.249

Tele Conference 15.0 37.9 50.7 8.303* 50.0 38.3 1.234



communication media technology is found to be relatively less in Srikakulam

district compared to Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. The difference

between Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is not much with regard to these

177

reported percentages, but appear slightly better in Visakhapatnam district.

However, the difference among the three districts in these percentage responses

is found statistically significant with regard to knowledge of the concept of

communication, different means of communication and search engines.



accredited colleges with the exception of two items – concept of communication

and means of communication that are reported known more by those from non-

accredited colleges. The difference between the NBA accredited and non-


significant with regard to knowledge of the concept of communication, search

engines and bar code.



Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts with the exception of two items – fax

and telex which were reported to be used more from Srikakulam district. The

difference between Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is not much. With regard

to use also the percentages reported are more in accredited college libraries than

in non-accredited college libraries.

The difference among the three districts in these percentages reporting

use is found statistically significant with regard to 8 of the 12 items listed with the

exception of four items - use of browsers, bar code, fax and telex. On the other

hand, between the accredited and non-accredited college libraries, the difference

178

in the percentage reporting use is found to be statistically significant with regard

to use of telex only.

4.5.2.1B By Gender and Age Group The responses relating to knowledge and use of communication media

technology are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.20.

Table-4.20: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Communication Media Technology by Gender & Age Group

Different Components of Communication Media Technology

Gender & Age Group


Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df

1)

-35 35+ Chi-

Square Value (df

1) 83 33 64 52



96.4 97.0 0.024 100.0 92.3 5.099*

Means of Communication 88.0 90.9 0.208 87.5 90.4 0.239

Browsers 92.8 90.9 0.114 89.1 96.2 2.016

Search Engines 90.3 87.9 1.624 85.9 90.4 0.535

Bar Code 88.0 72.7 3.996* 82.8 84.6 0.068

Digital / Virtual Library 77.1 69.7 0.692 79.7 69.2 1.673


Browsers 89.2 78.8 2.135 82.8 90.4 1.383

Search Engines 86.7 81.8 0.027 84.4 90.4 0.920

Bar Code 80.7 69.7 1.651 81.3 73.1 1.102

Multimedia 67.5 75.8 0.770 71.9 67.3 0.284

E-mail 79.5 72.7 0.626 78.1 76.9 0.024

Fax 84.3 90.9 0.857 82.8 90.4 1.383

Telex 73.5 90.9 4.236* 81.3 75.0 0.662

Internet 94.0 94.0 0.000 95.3 92.3 0.457

Intranet 87.9 81.8 0.747 85.9 86.5 0.009

Extranet 60.2 60.6 0.001 67.2 51.9 2.793

Voice Mail 43.4 33.3 0.987 48.4 30.8 3.716

Tele Conference 43.4 36.4 0.478 46.9 34.6 1.777


179

In general, it appears that there is not much difference between males and

females, but, the percentage reporting knowledge of the concept of

communication and means of communication is reported more by the females

and knowledge of other items like browsers, search engines, barcode and digital

library are reported more by the males. However, the difference between males

and females in these percentage responses is found statistically significant with

regard to knowledge of bar codes only.

By age group, knowledge of most of the listed components of

communication media technology appears more in the elder age group i.e. those

who are aged above 35 years. However, the percentage reporting knowledge

about concept of communication and digital library are reported more among the

younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or below. The difference

between the two age groups is found significant with regard to knowledge of the

concept of communication only.

The percentage reporting use of the different items listed is more among

the males with the exception of three items – multimedia, fax and telex, which

were reported more by the females. In the same way, use of different means of

communication is reported more by the younger group while the elder group

reported more – use of browsers, search engines, fax, intranet and extranet. The

difference between males and females in the percentage reporting use is found

statistically significant with regard to the use of Telex, while the difference

between the two age groups is not significant with regard to the use of the listed

items.

180



technology are shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.21.

Table-4.21: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Communication Media Technology by Designation & Work Experience

Different Components of Communication Media Technology


Designation Work Experience

(Years)

Librarian Asst.

Librarian Library Asst.

Chi-Square

Value (df 2)

- 10

10+ Chi-

Square Value (df

1) 57 47 12 80 36



96.5 97.9 91.7 1.107 98.8 91.7 3.741

Means of Communication

87.7 89.4 91.7 0.181 87.5 91.7 0.433

Browsers 94.7 91.5 83.3 1.864 92.5 91.7 0.024

Search Engines 87.7 87.2 91.7 0.182 87.5 91.7 0.045

Bar Code 86.0 83.0 75.0 0.894 83.0 86.1 0.236

Digital / Virtual Library 71.9 78.7 75.0 0.634 72.5 80.6 0.859


Browsers 87.7 85.1 83.3 0.241 83.8 91.7 1.309

Search Engines 86.0 87.2 91.7 0.288 85.0 88.9 0.980

Bar Code 75.4 80.9 75.0 0.485 72.5 88.9 3.835*

Multimedia 64.9 74.5 75.0 1.286 65.0 80.6 2.851

E-mail 77.2 80.9 66.7 1.116 72.5 88.9 3.835*

Fax 87.7 83.0 91.7 0.822 85.0 88.9 0.316

Telex 78.9 80.9 66.7 1.154 81.3 72.2 1.197

Internet 91.2 97.9 91.7 2.130 93.8 94.4 0.021

Intranet 87.7 87.2 75.0 1.419 83.8 91.7 1.309

Extranet 59.6 63.8 50.0 0.787 62.5 55.6 0.500

Voice Mail 38.6 46.8 25.0 2.058 41.3 38.9 0.057

Tele Conference 36.8 48.9 33.3 1.910 36.3 52.8 2.796


181

At the outset, it can be said that there is no marked difference in the

percentage reporting knowledge of different components listed for

communication media technology by designation. The computed chi-square

values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the three

categories – librarian, assistant librarian and library assistant.


having more than 10 years of work experience with the exception of one item –

knowledge about the concept of communication, which was reported more by the

junior group i.e. those with 10 or less years of work experience. The computed

chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses

among the two groups of work experience.

With regard to use of the different items also, there are no marked

differences by designation. However, the percentages are slightly better in

Assistant Librarian category with regard to the use of most of the listed items.

The chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses

among the three categories.

Use of the listed items is reported more among the senior group i.e. those

having more than 10 years of work experience with the exception of two items -

use of telex and voice mail which were reported more by the junior group i.e.

those with 10 or less years of work experience. However, significant difference

between the two work experience groups is found for with regard to the use of

bar code and e-mail.

182

4.5.3 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF AUDIO VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

Details relating to respondents‘ knowledge of different aspects of audio

video technology and extent of use are shown in Table-4.22 in percentages.

Table-4.22: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Audio

Video Technology

Different Components of A V

Technology


Knowledge Use

Audio-Video Technology

92.2 87.1

Means of A V Technology

81.0 77.6

LCD 87.1 83.6

Over Head Projector 73.3 69.8

92.2

81.0

87.1

73.3

87.1

77.6

83.6

69.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

A-V Technology Means of A V Technology LCD Over Head Projector

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Fig.4.12: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Audio Video Technology

Knowledge

Use

183

About 92 percent of the respondents reported the knowledge of audio

video technology while 87 percent of them have reported use of the same.

Knowledge about the different means of audio video technology is reported by 81

percent and 78 percent have used them. Knowledge about LCD is reported by 87

percent while 84 percent of them have reported use of LCD. Seventy-three

percent are aware of Overhead Projector (OHP) while 70 percent have used the

OHP earlier.

4.5.3.1 Knowledge & Use of A V Technology by background Variables The percentage of respondents reporting knowledge and use of different

components of audio video technology is cross tabulated by background

variables and presented separately by district and status of accreditation, gender

and age group, designation and work experience.


The responses relating to knowledge and use of audio video technology

are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.23.

184

Table-4.23: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Audio-Video Technology by District & Status of Accreditation

Different Components of Audio-Video

Technology



SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-

Square Value (df

2)

YES NO Chi-

Square Value (df

1) 20 29 67 30 86



85.0 100.0 92.5 2.226 100.0 89.5 3.404


75.0 86.2 83.6 4.134 90.0 77.9 2.116

LCD 80.0 93.1 86.6 1.841 86.7 87.2 0.006

Over Head Projector 60.0 75.9 77.6 4.154 73.3 73.3 0.000



85.0 96.6 82.1 5.858 90.0 86.0 0.309


65.0 86.2 74.6 1.654 76.7 77.9 0.020

LCD 75.0 89.7 83.6 1.856 80.0 84.9 0.387




audio video technology is found to be relatively less in Srikakulam district

compared to Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. The difference between

Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is not much with regard to these reported

percentages, but appear slightly better in Vizianagaram district. However, the

difference among the three districts in these percentage responses is found

statistically not significant with regard to knowledge of the different items listed.



accredited colleges with the exception of knowledge about LCD, which is

reported more by those from non-accredited colleges. The difference between

185

the NBA accredited and non-accredited college libraries in these percentage

responses is found statistically not significant with regard to knowledge of the

four items listed.



Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts and the levels of knowledge is slightly

more in Vizianagaram district. With regard to use also the percentages reported

are more in non-accredited college libraries than in accredited college libraries,

the exception being the use of AV technology. The chi-square values did not

reveal any statistical significance among the three districts and also between the

accredited and non-accredited college libraries


The responses relating to knowledge and use of audio video technology

are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.24.

186

Table-4.24: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Audio-Video Technology by Gender & Age Group

Different Components of


Gender & Age Group


Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df

1)

-35 35+ Chi-

Square Value (df

1) 83 33 64 52



91.6 93.9 0.186 89.1 96.1 2.016


80.7 81.8 0.018 79.7 82.7 0.168

LCD 86.7 87.8 0.027 87.5 86.5 0.024

Over Head Projector 73.5 72.7 0.007 76.6 69.2 0.787



88.0 84.8 0.202 87.5 86.5 0.024


75.9 81.8 0.475 78.1 76.9 0.024

LCD 83.1 84.8 0.051 82.8 84.6 0.068

Over Head Projector 69.9 69.7 0.000 75.0 63.5 1.813


Although there is not much difference in the percentage values, the

percentage reporting knowledge of the listed components of AV technology is

more among the females except in the case of knowledge of OHP, which is

reported more by the males. The difference between males and females in these

percentage responses is found statistically not significant with regard to the four

items listed.

By age group, knowledge of AV technology and means of AV technology

appears more in the elder age group i.e. those who are aged above 35 years,

while the percentage reporting knowledge about LCD and OHP are more in the

younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or below. There is no significant

187

difference between the two age groups with regard to knowledge of the four

items listed.

In general, the percentage reporting use of the different items listed is

more among the females than males and in younger group than in the elder

group. There is no significant difference between the males and females and also

between the two age groups with regard to use of the four items listed.



technology are shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.25.

It can be said that, over all, there is no marked difference in the

percentage reporting knowledge of different components listed for

communication media technology by designation. The computed chi-square

values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the three


Knowledge of these four listed items is more among the senior group i.e.

those having more than 10 years of work experience. The computed chi-square

values indicate significant difference in the responses among the two groups of

work experience in case of knowledge about AV technology.

188

Table-4.25: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Audio-Video Technology by Designation & Work Experience

Different Components of Audio-Video Technology



Librarian Asst.


Value (df 2)


57 47 12 80 36


Audio-Video Technology 91.2 91.5 100.0 1.128 88.8 100.0 4.391*

Means of A V Technology 77.2 87.2 75.0 2.007 78.8 86.1 0.875

LCD 87.7 91.5 66.7 5.274 86.3 88.9 0.154



Audio-Video Technology 87.7 87.2 83.3 0.171 87.5 86.1 0.043

Means of A V Technology 77.2 80.9 66.7 1.116 76.3 80.6 0.265

LCD 84.2 87.2 66.7 2.981 83.8 83.3 0.003



With regard to use of the different items listed here, the percentages are a

low in the Library Assistant category while the values are better in Assistant

Librarian category. The chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference

in the responses among the three categories.

Use of different means of AV technology is reported more among the

senior group i.e. those having more than 10 years of work experience while use

of the other three items is reported more by the junior group i.e. those with 10 or

less years of work experience. The chi-square values do not reveal any

significant difference in the responses among the two groups.

189

4.5.4 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Details relating to respondents‘ knowledge of different electronic

resources and extent of use are shown in Table-4.26 in percentages.

Table-4.26: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of Electronic

Resources

Different Electronic Resources


Knowledge Use

E- Publishers 100.0 ----

E-Books 100.0 95.7

E-Journals 100.0 98.3

E-Magazines 100.0 94.8

E-Audi0/Video Lectures 92.2 85.3

E-Databases 80.2 79.3

Institutional Repositories

71.6 66.4

Open Sources 72.4 69.8

190

0 20 40 60 80 100

E- Publishing

E-Books

E-Journals

E-Magazines

E-Audi0/Video Lectures

E-Databases

Institutional Repositories

Open Sources

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

92.2

80.2

71.6

72.4

95.7

98.3

94.8

85.3

79.3

66.4

69.8

Percentage

Fig.4.13:Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of Electronic Resources

Knowledge

Use

191

It is welcoming to note that all the 116 respondents covered in the present

study are aware of the details of Electronic Publisher and all of them are having

knowledge of e-books, e-journals and e-magazines and 95 to 98 percent of them

have used them also. Knowledge about e-audio/video lectures is reported by 92

percent and use of the same by 85 percent. Eighty percent know about e-

databases while 79 percent of them have used them. About 72 percent know

about the institutional repositories while 66 percent of them reported use of the

same. Knowledge of open sources is reported by 72 percent while use of open

sources is reported by 70 percent.

4.5.4.1 Knowledge & Use of Electronic Resources by background Variables


electronic resources is cross tabulated by background variables and presented

separately by district and status of accreditation, gender and age group,

designation and work experience.


The responses relating to knowledge and use of electronic resources are

shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.27.

192

Table-4.27: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Electronic Sources of Information by District & Status of Accreditation

Different Electronic Sources of Information




YES NO Chi-Square Value (df

1) 20 29 67 30 86


E- Publishing 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Books 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Journals 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Magazines 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Audi0/Video Lectures 80.0 89.7 97.0 6.592* 96.7 90.7 1.107

E-Databases 50.0 86.2 86.7 13.841* 86.7 77.9 1.073

Institutional Repositories 40.0 75.9 79.1 11.924* 80.0 68.6 1.419

Open Sources 50.0 75.9 77.6 6.109* 80.0 70.9 0.366


E-Books 96.5 95.5 95.7 0.080 96.7 95.3 0.094

E-Journals 95.0 100.0 98.5 1.797 100.0 97.7 0.710

E-Magazines 90.0 96.5 95.5 1.192 100.0 93.0 2.207

E-Audi0/Video Lectures 65.0 86.2 91.0 8.376 90.0 83.7 0.701

E-Databases 45.0 86.2 86.6 17.339* 86.7 76.7 1.335

Institutional Repositories 30.0 68.9 76.1 14.795* 66.7 66.3 0.001

Open Sources 50.0 65.5 77.6 5.915 76.7 66.3 1.987


It is already mentioned that all the 166 respondents know about e-

publishing, e-books, e-journals and e-magazines and also used them. The

percentage reporting knowledge of other sources listed is found to be relatively

less in Srikakulam district and appear better in Visakhapatnam district. However,

the difference among the three districts in the percentage reporting knowledge of

e-audio/video lectures, e- databases, institutional repositories and open sources

is found statistically significant.

193

In the same way, the percentage reporting knowledge of e-audio/video

lectures, e- databases, institutional repositories and open sources is more in

case of the NBA accredited colleges than in the non-accredited colleges. The

difference between the NBA accredited and non-accredited college libraries in

these percentage responses is found statistically not significant with regard to

knowledge of the four items.

Regarding the use of these listed components, use of e-books ir reported

more in Srikakulam district, use of e-journals and e-magazines is reported more

in Vizianagaram district while the percentage reporting use of other items is more

in Visakhapatnam district. With regard to use of the listed electronic resources,

the percentages reported are more in accredited college libraries than in non-


The difference among the three districts in the percentages reporting use

is found statistically significant with regard to two items listed – use of e-

databases and institutional repositories. On the other hand, between the

accredited and non-accredited college libraries, the difference in the percentage

reporting use is not found significant with regard to any of the four items listed.



shown by gender and age group in Table-4.28.

194

Table-4.28: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Electronic Sources of Information by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group



-35 35+ Chi-Square Value (df

1) 83 33 64 52


E- Publishing 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Books 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Journals 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Magazines 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Audi0/Video Lectures 92.8 90.9 0.114 90.6 94.2 0.521

E-Databases 80.7 78.8 0.056 81.3 80.8 0.104

Institutional Repositories 69.9 78.6 0.401 75.0 67.3 0.834

Open Sources 71.1 78.8 0.258 76.6 67.3 1.230


E-Books 96.4 93.9 0.342 95.3 96.1 0.049

E-Journals 100.0 93.9 5.119* 98.4 98.1 0.022

E-Magazines 95.1 93.9 0.074 95.3 94.2 0.068

E-Audi0/Video Lectures 84.3 87.9 0.237 84.3 86.5 0.107

E-Databases 79.5 78.8 0.008 78.1 78.8 0.122

Institutional Repositories 63.9 72.7 0.833 73.4 57.7 3.187

Open Sources 66.3 75.8 1.758 73.4 65.3 0.883


The percentage reporting knowledge of e-audio video lectures and e-

databases is more among the males and knowledge of institutional repositories

and open sources is more among the females. However, the difference between

males and females in these percentage responses is found statistically not

significant.

By age group, knowledge of e-audio video lectures is reported more by

the elder age group i.e. those who are aged above 35 years. The percentage

195

reporting knowledge about e-databases, institutional repositories and open

sources is more among the younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or

below. No significant difference is found between the two age groups with regard

to knowledge of the listed e-resources.

The percentage reporting use of e-books, e-journals, e-magazines and e-

databases is more among the males and use of e-audio video lectures,

institutional repositories and open sources is reported more by the females. The

difference between males and females in the percentage reporting use is found

statistically significant with regard to the use of e-journals.

In the same way, use of e-books, e-audio video lectures and e-databases

is reported more by the elder group i.e. those with more than 35 years of age and

use of e-journals, e-magazines institutional repositories and open sources is

reported more by the junior group i.e. those aged 35 years or less. The difference

between the two age groups is not significant with regard to the use of the listed

items.



shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.29.

196

Table-4.29: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Electronic Sources of Information by Designation & Work Experience




Librarian Asst.


Chi-Square Value (df 2)

- 10 10+ Chi-Square

Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36


E- Publishing 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Books 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Journals 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---

E-Magazines 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---


E-Databases 75.4 89.4 75.0 4.667 81.3 86.1 0.188

Institutional Repositories 65.2 80.9 75.0 4.040 68.8 77.8 0.994

Open Sources 64.9 83.0 75.0 4.430 71.3 75.0 0.175


E-Books 96.5 93.6 100.0 1.119 95.0 97.2 0.297

E-Journals 98.2 100.0 91.7 3.918 98.8 97.2 0.342

E-Magazines 93.0 97.9 91.7 1.528 95.0 94.4 0.015


E-Databases 75.4 85.1 66.7 1.619 76.3 77.8 1.471

Institutional Repositories 57.9 78.7 58.3 5.396 66.3 66.7 0.002

Open Sources 59.6 80.9 66.7 5.666 68.8 72.2 0.142


Not much difference is seen in the percentage reporting knowledge of

different electronic resources by designation. However the reported knowledge

levels are slightly better among the Assistant Librarian category. The computed


among the three categories – librarian, assistant librarian and library assistant.


having more than 10 years of work experience than the junior group i.e. those

with 10 or less years of work experience. The computed chi-square values do not

197

reveal any significant difference in the responses among the two groups of work

experience.

With regard to use of the different resources, use of e-books is reported

more by the Library Assistants while all other sources are reported to be used

more by the Assistant Librarian category. In general, there are no marked

differences by designation. The chi-square values do not reveal any significant

difference in the responses among the three categories.

Use of the e-journals and e-magazines is reported more by the junior

group i.e. those having 10 or less years of work experience while use of all other

resources is reported more by the senior group i.e. those with more than10 years

of work experience. The difference in the percentage values is not much between

the two groups. However, no significant difference between the two work

experience groups is found for with regard to the use of different electronic

resources.

4.5.5 KNOWLEDGE & USE OF COMPUTER PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Details relating to respondents‘ knowledge of different components of

computer printing technology and extent of use are shown in Table-4.30 in

percentages.

Table-4.30: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of Different Components of Computer Printing Technology

Different Components of Computer Printing Technology


Knowledge Use

Computer Printing Technology 95.7 ---

Computer Printers 99.1 99.1

Desk Top Printing (DTP) 87.9 85.3

Page Maker 71.6 70.7

Photocopying Machine 85.3 81.0

198

0 20 40 60 80 100

Computer Printing Technology

Computer Printers

Desk Top Printing (DTP)

Page Maker

Photocopying Machine

95.7

99.1

87.9

71.6

85.3

99.1

85.3

70.7

81.0

Percentage

Fig.4.14:Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of Different Components of Printing Technology

Knowledge

Use

199

In all, 96 percent of the respondents covered in the present study are

aware of the Computer Printing Technology. Almost all (99 percent) of them

know about computer printers and used them. Knowledge of Desk Top Printing

(DTP) is reported by 88 percent while 85 percent of them reported use of the

same. Seventy two percent know about Page Maker while 71 percent of them

have used it. Knowledge of Photocopying Machine is reported by about 85

percent while 81 percent have used the machine.

4.5.5.1 Knowledge & Use of Computer Printing Technology by background Variables


components of computer printing technology is cross tabulated by background



4.5.5.1A By District and Status of Accreditation The responses relating to knowledge and use of different components of

computer printing technology are shown by district and status of accreditation in

Table-4.31.

The percentage reporting knowledge of different components listed under

computer printing technology is found to be relatively less in Srikakulam district.

Knowledge of computer printing technology and photocopying machine were

reported more from Vizianagaram district while knowledge of computer printers,

DTP and Page Maker are reported more in Visakhapatnam district. However, the

difference among the three districts in the percentage reporting knowledge of

DTP, Page Maker and Photocopying machine is found statistically significant.

Table-4.31: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of

200

Computer Printing Technology by District & Status of Accreditation

Different Components of Computer Printing

Technology





20 29 67 30 86


Computer Printing Technology 95.0 96.6 95.5 0.079 96.7 95.3 0.094

Computer Printers 95.0 100.0 100.0 4.842 100.0 98.8 0.352

Desk Top Printing (DTP) 65.0 89.7 94.0 12.339* 86.7 88.4 0.061

Page Maker 20.0 79.3 83.6 31.733* 70.0 72.1 0.048

Photocopying Machine 65.0 96.6 91.0 9.611* 86.7 88.4 2.437



Desk Top Printing (DTP) 60.0 93.1 89.6 12.616* 86.7 84.9 0.056

Page Maker 30.0 82.8 77.6 19.570* 66.7 72.1 0.316

Photocopying Machine 40.0 86.2 86.6 26.785* 76.7 79.1 0.835


In the same way, the percentage reporting knowledge of computer printing

technology and computer printers is more in case of the NBA accredited colleges

than in the non-accredited colleges. The difference between the NBA accredited

and non-accredited college libraries in these percentage responses is found

statistically not significant with regard to knowledge of the five items.

Regarding the use of these listed components, use of all four listed items

is reported less in Srikakulam district, while use of these items is reported more

in Vizianagaram district. The difference in the percentage values is not much

between Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. On the other hand, use of

computer printers and DTP is reported more in accredited college libraries and

use of page maker and photocopying machine are reported more in non-


201

The difference among the three districts in the percentages reporting use

is found statistically significant with regard to use of DTP, Page Maker and

Photocopying machine. On the other hand, between the accredited and non-

accredited college libraries, the difference in the percentage reporting use is not

found significant with regard to any of the four items listed.

4.5.5.1B By Gender and Age Group The responses relating to knowledge and use of different components of

computer printing technology are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.32.

Table-4.32: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Computer Printing Technology by Gender & Age Group

Different Components of Computer Printing Technology

Gender & Age Group




83 33 64 52


Computer Printing Technology 95.2 97.0 0.183 93.8 98.1 1.302

Computer Printers 98.8 100.0 0.401 98.4 100.0 0.820

Desk Top Printing (DTP) 86.7 90.9 0.385 87.5 88.5 0.025

Page Maker 68.7 78.8 1.186 75.0 67.3 0.834

Photocopying Machine 85.5 84.8 0.009 92.2 76.9 5.344*


Computer Printers 100.0 97.0 2.537 100.0 98.1 1.241

Desk Top Printing (DTP) 81.9 93.9 2.723 85.9 84.6 0.040

Page Maker 69.9 72.7 0.092 78.1 61.5 3.809*

Photocopying Machine 80.7 81.8 0.018 84.4 76.9 1.037


The percentage reporting knowledge of all five items listed is more among

the females and the difference between males and females in these percentage

responses is found statistically not significant.

202

By age group, knowledge of computer printing technology, different

computer printers and DTP are reported more by the elder age group i.e. those

who are aged above 35 years. The percentage reporting knowledge about page

maker and photocopying machine is more among the younger group i.e. those

who are aged 35 years or below. Significant difference is found between the two

age groups with regard to knowledge of photocopying machine.

The percentage reporting use of computer printers is more among the

males and use of DTP, page maker and photocopying machine is reported more

by the females. The difference between males and females in the percentage

reporting use is not found statistically significant with regard to the use of any of

the five items listed.

In the same way, use of all four components listed is reported more by

the younger group i.e. those aged 35 years or less. The difference between the

two age groups is not significant with regard to the use of the listed items.


The responses relating to knowledge and use of different components of

computer printing technology are shown by designation and work experience in

Table-4.33.

Not much difference is seen in the percentage values, but, knowledge of

computer printing technology and photocopying machine is more among the

Librarians. Knowledge of different computer printers, DTP and Page maker are

more among the Assistant Librarians and knowledge of photocopying machine is

reported more by the library assistants. However the computed chi-square values

203

do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the three


Table-4.33: Percentage Reporting Knowledge and Use of different Components of Computer Printing Technology by Designation & Work Experience

Different Components of Computer Printing

Technology



Librarian Asst.


Value (df 2)


57 47 12 80 36


Computer Printing Technology 98.2 91.5 95.7 3.454 93.8 100.0 2.351


Desk Top Printing (DTP) 86.0 95.7 66.7 8.025 88.8 86.1 0.163

Page Maker 66.7 80.9 58.3 3.695 70.0 75.0 0.305

Photocopying Machine 87.7 85.1 91.7 1.286 83.8 88.9 0.524



Desk Top Printing (DTP) 84.2 91.5 66.7 4.824 86.3 83.3 0.169

Page Maker 68.4 78.7 50.0 4.084 71.3 69.4 0.039

Photocopying Machine 75.4 85.1 75.0 2.551 80.0 83.3 0.179


Except DTP, knowledge of the other four listed items is more among the

senior group i.e. those having more than 10 years of work experience than the

junior group i.e. those with 10 or less years of work experience. The computed


among the two groups of work experience.

With regard to use of the different resources, use of the four listed

components of computer printing technology is reported more by the Library

Assistants followed by the librarians and library assistants. The chi-square values

204

do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the three

categories.

Use of photocopying machine is reported more by the senior group i.e.

those with more than10 years of work experience, while use of all other

resources is reported more by the junior group i.e. those having 10 or less years

of work experience. The difference in the percentage values is not much between

the two groups. However, no significant difference between the two work

experience groups is found for with regard to the use of the listed items.

Section – 3 SKILLS ACQUIRED & ICT TRAINING NEEDS

In this section, a note on different skills for using different means of ICT

acquired by the 116 respondents has been presented along with areas where

they would like to have further training and also the type and place preferred for

future training.

5.6 SKILLS ACQUIRED AND TRAINING NEEDS

5.6.1 Skills acquired related to the use of ICT

Information on different skills acquired by the respondents relating to ICT

has been presented in Table-4.34.

It is quite welcoming to note that a majority of the respondents have

received training in use of different technologies under ICT. The earlier training is

obtained during their pursuit of professional degree or in a special training

programme.

205

Table-4.34: Percentage Reporting Skills

Acquired through earlier training

Skills Acquired Percentage

Use of Computer Technology 96.6

Use of Communication Technology

87.9

Functioning of E-mail 100.0

Use of AV Technology 92.2

Use of Electronic Resources 99.1

Use of Computer Printing Technology

94.0

206

80 85 90 95 100

Use of Computer Technology

Use of Communication Technology

Functioning of E-mail

Use of AV Technology

Use of Electronic Resources

Use of Computer Printing Technology

96.6

87.9

100.0

92.2

99.1

94.0

Percentage

Fig.4.15: Percentage Reporting Skills Acquired through earlier training

207

All the respondents (100 percent) have reported that they were trained in

using the e-mail. Almost all (99 percent) reported that they received training in

use of electronic resources, 97 percent were trained in use of computer

technology, 94 percent in computer printing technology, 92 percent in use of AV

technology and 88 percent received training in use of communication technology.

4.6.1.1 Skills Acquired through Earlier Training by background Variables The percentage of respondents reporting different skills acquired through

earlier training is cross tabulated by background variables and presented

separately by district and status of accreditation, gender and age group,

designation and work experience.


The responses relating to different skills acquired related to ICT are shown

by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.35.

The percentage reporting earlier training in different components under

ICT ranged between 80 and 100. The percentage reporting earlier training in the

five listed areas is found to be relatively less in Srikakulam district and slightly

better in Vizianagaram district. However, the difference among the three districts

in the percentage reporting earlier training in use of communication technology is

found statistically significant.

208

Table-4.35: Percentage Reporting Skills Acquired through Earlier Training by District & Status of Accreditation

Skills Acquired





20 29 67 30 86

SKILLS ACQUIRED

Use of Computer Technology 95.0 100.0 95.5 1.394 96.7 96.5 0.002

Use of Communication Technology 60.0 100.0 91.0 19.295* 86.7 88.4 0.061

Use of AV Technology 80.0 96.6 94.0 5.240 90.0 93.0 0.284

Use of Electronic Resources 95.0 100.0 100.0 4.482 100.0 98.8 0.352

Use of Computer Printing Technology 85.0 96.6 95.5 3.463 93.3 94.2 0.029


In the same way, the percentage reporting earlier training in use of

computer technology and use of electronic resources is more in case of the NBA

accredited colleges while the percentage reporting earlier training in the use of

communication technology, AV technology and computer printing technology is

more among the non-accredited colleges. The difference between the NBA

accredited and non-accredited college libraries in these percentage responses is

found statistically not significant with regard to all the listed five items.



by gender and age group in Table-4.36.

209

Table-4.36: Percentage Reporting Skills Acquire through Earlier Training by Gender & Age Group

Skills Acquired

Gender & Age Group


Male Female Chi-Square Value (df 1) -35 35+


83 33 64 52

SKILLS ACQUIRED

Use of Computer Technology 95.2 100.0 1.647 96.9 96.2 0.045

Use of Communication Technology 88.0 87.9 0.000 87.5 88.5 0.025

Use of AV Technology 94.0 87.9 1.227 92.2 92.3 0.000

Use of Electronic Resources 100.0 97.0 2.537 100.0 98.1 1.241

Use of Computer Printing Technology 95.2 90.9 0.760 95.3 92.3 0.457


The percentage reporting earlier training on the use of computer

technology is more among the females and earlier training in communication

technology, AV technology, electronic resources and computer printing

technology have been reported more by the males. The difference between

males and females in these percentage responses is found statistically not

significant.

By age group, earlier training on the use of communication and AV

technologies are reported more by the elder age group i.e. those who are aged

above 35 years. The percentage reporting earlier training on the use of computer

technology, electronic resources and computer printing technology is more

among the younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or below. No

significant difference is found between the two age groups with regard to earlier

training in any of the five listed areas.

210



by designation and work experience in Table-4.37.

Table-4.37: Percentage Reporting Skills Acquired through Earlier Training by Designation & Work Experience

Skills Acquired



Librarian Asst.



- 10 10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36

SKILLS ACQUIRED

Use of Computer Technology 94.7 97.9 100.0 1.239 96.3 97.2 0.070

Use of Communication Technology 86.0 93.6 75.0 3.530 88.8 86.1 0.163

Use of AV Technology 89.5 95.7 91.2 1.422 91.3 94.4 0.354

Use of Electronic Resources 98.2 100.0 100.0 1.044 100.0 97.2 2.242

Use of Computer Printing Technology 93.0 95.7 91.2 0.471 93.8 94.4 0.021


Not much difference is seen in the percentage values, but, earlier training

in use of different IC technologies is relatively less among the Librarians and

better among the Assistant Librarians followed by library Assistants. However the

computed chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the

responses among the three categories – librarian, assistant librarian and library

assistant.

Earlier training on use of computer technology, computer printing

technology and AV technology is more among the senior group i.e. those having

more than 10 years of work experience while the junior group i.e. those with 10

or less years of work experience have reported earlier training on the use of

communication technology and electronic resources. The computed chi-square

211

values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the two

groups of work experience.

5.6.2 Areas where Further Training is Required

Information on different areas of ICT where the respondents would like to

have further training has been presented in Table-4.38.

Table-4.38: Percentage Reporting Further Training Need

Areas where Training Required

Percentage

Computer Applications 94.0

Database Management 79.3

Use of Library Software Package 94.8

Communication Technology 93.1

Use of Bar Code System 97.4

Audio-Video Technology 94.0

Use of E-resources 98.3

Printing Technology 90.5

212

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Computer Applications

Database Management

Use of Library Software Package

Communication Technology

Use of Bar Code System


Use of E-resources

Printing Technology

94.0

79.3

94.8

93.1

97.4

94.0

98.3

90.5

Percentage

Fig.4.16: Percentage Reporting Areas in which Further Training is Needed

213

Although majority of the respondents have reported earlier training on the

use of different IC technologies, interestingly, most of them (more than 90

percent) expressed the need for further training.

About 98 percent of the respondents are interested in learning more about

the use of electronic resources, while 97 percent felt the need for knowing more

about the use of bar code system. Those who wanted to know about computer

applications and AV technology is 94 percent. Further training on use of library

software packages is felt necessary by 95 percent, further training on use of

communication technology by 93 percent, printing technology by 91 percent and

database management by 79 percent.

4.6.2.1 Further Training Needs by background Variables The percentage of respondents reporting need for further training on

different aspects of ICT is cross tabulated by background variables and

presented separately by district and status of accreditation, gender and age



The responses relating to need for further training on different aspects of

ICT are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.39.

214

Table-4.39: Percentage Reporting different Areas of ICT where Further Training is Needed by District & Status of Accreditation





YES NO Chi-Square Value (df 1) 20 29 67 30 86

AREAS WHERE FURTHER TRAINING NEEDED

Computer Applications 100.0 89.7 94.0 2.235 96.7 93.0 0.520

Database Management 55.0 93.1 80.6 10.633* 66.7 83.7 3.942*

Use of Library Software Package 90.0 96.6 95.5 1.192 100.0 93.0 2.207

Communication Technology 95.0 100.0 89.6 3.576 100.0 90.7 2.997

Use of Bar Code System 95.0 100.0 97.0 1.274 96.7 97.7 0.090


Use of E-resources 95.0 96.6 100.0 2.951 100.0 97.7 0.710

Printing Technology 95.0 86.2 91.0 1.118 96.7 88.4 1.783


The percentage reporting need for further training in different components

under ICT ranged between 95 and 100 while 55 percent wanted to know more

about database management. The percentage reporting need for further training

in Vizianagaram district ranged between 86 and 100 while this range is 81 to 100

in Visakhapatnam district. The difference among the three districts in the

percentage reporting need for further training is found statistically significant for

database management only.

In the same way, the percentage reporting need for further training in

database management, bar code system and AV technology is more in case of

the non- accredited colleges while the percentage reporting need for further

training in the remaining five areas is more among the accredited colleges. The

difference between the NBA accredited and non-accredited college libraries in

215

these percentage responses is found statistically significant with regard to the

use of database management only



ICT are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.40.

The percentage reporting need for further training in use of communication

technology is more among the females and need for further training in use of ICT

in the remaining seven areas has been reported more by the males. The

difference between males and females in these percentage responses is found

statistically not significant.

Table-4.40: Percentage Reporting different Areas of ICT where Further Training is Needed by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group




83 33 64 52


Computer Applications 95.2 90.9 0.760 93.8 94.2 0.012


Use of Library Software Package 95.2 93.9 0.074 92.2 98.1 2.029

Communication Technology 92.8 93.9 0.050 90.6 96.2 1.366

Use of Bar Code System 97.6 97.0 0.036 98.4 96.2 0.594

Audio-Video Technology 94.0 94.0 0.000 95.3 92.3 0.457

Use of E-resources 98.8 97.0 0.464 100.0 96.2 2.505

Printing Technology 95.2 78.8 7.392 90.6 90.4 0.002


By age group, need for further training on the use of computer

applications, database management, library software package and

216

communication technology are reported more by the elder age group i.e. those

who are aged above 35 years. The percentage reporting need for further training

on the use of bar codes, AV technology, e-resources and printing technology is

more among the younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or below. No


training in any of the listed areas.



ICT are shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.41.

Table-4.41: Percentage Reporting different Areas of ICT where Further Training is Needed by Designation & Work Experience




(Years)

Librarian Asst.



- 10 10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36


Computer Applications 93.0 95.7 91.7 0.471 91.3 100.0 3.352


Use of Library Software Package 91.2 97.9 100.0 3.049 93.8 97.2 0.610

Communication Technology 93.0 91.5 100.0 1.081 91.2 97.2 1.379

Use of Bar Code System 96.5 97.9 100.0 0.550 98.8 94.4 1.827


Use of E-resources 98.2 97.9 100.0 0.256 98.8 97.2 0.342

Printing Technology 89.5 93.6 83.3 1.312 88.8 94.4 0.938


Most of the Library assistants reported the need for further training on the

use of different IC technologies. Among the librarians and Assistant librarians,

the difference is not much and the training need is also more or less similar.

217

However the computed chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference

in the responses among the three categories – librarian, assistant librarian and

library assistant.

Need for further training on use of database management, bar code

system and e-resources is reported more by the junior group i.e. those with 10 or

less years of work experience while the senior group i.e. those having more than

10 years of work experience have reported need for further training on the use of

ICT in the remaining five areas listed. The computed chi-square values do not

reveal any significant difference in the responses among the two groups of work

experience.

4.6.3 Preferred Type and Location for future training

Once, the areas where further training is felt required by the respondents,

they were asked about the type of training they prefer and also the location,

where they prefer to receive the training.

Information on the type of training preferred and location where the

respondents would like to have further training has been presented in Table-4.42.

218

Table-4.42: Percentage Reporting Preferred Type and Place for Future

Training

Type & Place of Training Percentage

Type of Training

Short Term 100.0

Long Term 0.0

Place preferred

Work Place 58.6

Outside Work Place 32.8

Anywhere 8.6

All the 116 respondents have unanimously opted for short term training

and more than half (59 percent) of them preferred to have the training at their

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Short Term Long Term Work Place Outside Work Place

Anywhere

100.0

0.0

58.6

32.8

8.6

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Fig.4.17:Percentage Reporting Preferred Type and Place for Future Training

219

work place. About 33 percent preferred to have the training outside their work

place while the remaining 8 percent did not mention any choice but are ready to

have it anywhere.

4.6.3.1 Further Training Needs by background Variables

The percentage of respondents reporting their preference for the type and

location of future training is cross tabulated by background variables and

presented separately by district and status of accreditation, gender and age



The responses relating to preference for the type and location of future

training are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-4.43.

Table-4.43: Percentage Reporting Preferred Type and Place for Future Training by District & Status of Accreditation

Type & Place of Training



SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-

Square Value (df 2)

YES NO Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 20 29 67 30 86

PREFERRED TYPE & PLACE OF TRAINING

Type of Training

Short Term 100.0 100.0 100.0 ---

100.0 100.0 ---

Long Term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Place preferred

Work Place 40.0 51.7 67.2 6.768 (df 4)

40.0 65.1 6.155* (df 2) Outside Work Place 45.0 34.5 28.4 50.0 26.7

Anywhere 15.0 13.8 4.4 10.0 8.2


As already mentioned the preferred type of training is a short term training

programme. The percentage that preferred to have the training at their work

220

place is more (67 percent) in Visakhapatnam district followed by 52 percent from

Vizianagaram and 40 percent from Srikakulam districts. The percentage

preferring the training outside the work place is more in Srikakulam district (45

percent) than in Vizianagaram (35 percent) and Visakhapatnam districts (28

percent). The difference among the three districts in these percentage responses

is not found statistically significant.

In the same way, the work place is preferred more for future training by

the respondents from the non- accredited colleges (65 percent) while 50 percent

of the respondents from the accredited colleges preferred to have the training

outside the work place. The difference between the NBA accredited and non-


significant with regard to the preferred location for future training.



training are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.44.

221

Table-4.44: Percentage Reporting Preferred Type and Place for Future Training by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group

Gender Age Group

Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df 1)

-35 35+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 83 33 64 52

PREFERRED TYPE & PLACE OF TRAINING Type of Training

Short Term 100.0 100.0 ---

100.0 100.0 ---

Long Term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Place preferred

Work Place 55.4 66.7 1.284 (df 2)

64.1 51.9 2.063 (df 2)

Outside Work Place 34.9 27.3 29.7 36.5

Anywhere 9.6 6.1 6.2 11.5


As expected, the percentage preferring work place for the future training is

more among the females (68 percent) than among the males (55 percent). More

males (35 percent) preferred the training outside the work place than the females

(27 percent) while 10 percent of males and 6 percent of females did not report

any choice. The difference between males and females in these percentage

responses is found statistically not significant.

By age group, work place for further training is preferred more (64

percent) by the younger group i.e. those who are aged 35 years or below than

the elder age group i.e. those who are aged above 35 years (52 percent). The

percentage reporting preference for training outside the work place is more

among the elder group (37 percent) than the younger group (30 percent). No


training in any of the listed areas.

222



training are shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.45.

The location preferred for further training is work place by librarians and

Assistant librarians (60 percent each) while 50 percent of the library assistants

preferred work place for further training. Preference for training outside the

workplace is expressed by 50 percent of the library assistants, 34 percent of the

assistant librarians and 28 percent of the librarians. Twelve percent of the

librarians and 6 percent of the assistant librarians did not report any choice of

location. The computed chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference

in the responses among the three categories – librarian, assistant librarian and

library assistant.

Table-4.45: Percentage Reporting Preferred Type and Place for Future Training by Designation & Work Experience




Librarian Asst.



- 10 10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36

PREFERRED TYPE & PLACE OF TRAINING Type of Training

Short Term 100.0 100.0 100.0 ---

100.0 100.0 ---

Long Term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Place preferred

Work Place 59.6 59.6 50.0 3.858 (df 4)

62.5 50.0 1.931 (df 2) Outside Work Place 28.1 34.0 50.0 58.7 41.7

Anywhere 12.3 6.4 0.0 8.8 8.3


About 63 percent of the respondents belonging to the junior group i.e.

those with 10 or less years of work experience and 50 percent of the senior

223

group i.e. those having more than 10 years of work experience have stated their

preference for further training at work place. On the other hand, 59 percent from

junior group and 42 percent from senior group have preferred outside work place

for further training. About 9 percent of the juniors and 8 percent of the seniors did

not mention any choice of location for future training. The computed chi-square

values do not reveal any significant difference in the responses among the two

groups of work experience

Section – 4 ATTITUDE TOWARDS & OPINION ON ICT

[INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY]

In order to understand the attitude and opinion of the library professionals

on Information and Communication technology, some selected statements have

been used and all the respondents were asked to mention whether they agree

with the statement or not. For some, which seek the opinion, they were asked to

give their response by yes or no. Again, the observations were cross tabulated

by variables like district and status of accreditation, gender and age group,

designation and work experience to present comparison.

4.7 ATTITUDE TOWARDS & OPINION ON ICT 4.7.1 Attitude towards and Opinion on Computer Technology

Opinion of the respondents and their agreement with different statements

related to computer technology has been elicited. Different aspects included here

comprise – preference for library automation, impact of computers on library

224

profession, preference for library software packages, effect of information

technology on library profession etc.

4.7.1.1 Preference for Complete Library Automation All the respondents were asked whether they prefer complete library

automation, if not, they were asked to mention the different sections they prefer

to have computerization. Their responses are shown in Table-4.46.

225

Table-4.46: Respondents Reporting Preference for Complete Automation by Background Variables

Background Variable

n

Preference for Complete Automation

Prefer Don't prefer Chi-Square Value

f % f %

District

Srikakulam 20 9 45.0 11 55.0 3.659 (df 2) Vizianagaram 29 6 20.7 23 79.3


Accreditation

Accredited 30 19 63.3 11 36.7 14.908* (df 1) non-accredited 86 21 24.4 65 75.6

Gender

Males 83 29 34.9 54 65.1 0.027 (df 1) Females 33 11 33.3 22 66.7

Age Group (Years)

-35 64 16 25.0 48 75.0 5.683* (df 1) 35+ 52 24 46.2 28 53.8

Designation

Librarian 57 18 31.6 39 68.4 1.496 (df 2) Assistant Librarian 47 16 34.0 31 66.0

Library Assistant 12 6 50.0 6 50.0

Work Experience (Years)

-10 80 25 31.3 55 68.8 1.192 (df 1) 10 + 36 15 41.7 21 58.3


TOTAL 116 40 34.5 76 65.5

226

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

Accredited

non-accredited

Males

Females

-35

35+

Librarian

Assistant Librarian

Library Assistant

-10

10 +

TOTAL

Dis

tric

tA

ccre

dit

atio

nG

end

erA

ge G

rou

p

(Ye

ars)

Des

ign

atio

n

Wo

rk E

xper

ien

ce (

Ye

ars)

45.0

20.7

37.3

63.3

24.4

34.9

33.3

25.0

46.2

31.6

34.0

50.0

31.3

41.7

34.5

Percentage

Fig.4.18: Respondents Reporting Preference for Complete Automation by Background Variables

227

It is quite interesting to observe that only 40 out of the 116 respondents

(34 percent) are in favour of complete automation of the library and the remaining

76 (66 percent) did not prefer complete automation of the library. Before

considering the observations below, the small numbers in certain categories

considered in cross tabulation should be kept in mind.

Those who expressed their preference for complete automation of the

library are more from the Srikakulam district (40 percent) followed by

Visakhapatnam district (37 percent) and Vizianagaram district (21 percent).

About 63 percent of the respondents from NBA accredited colleges

reported that they prefer complete automation of the library while 24 percent from

non-accredited colleges reported the same.

By gender, 35 percent of the males and 33 percent of the females

expressed that they prefer complete automation. By age group, 46 percent of the

elder group, i.e. those aged above 35 years and 25 percent of the younger

group, those aged 35 years or below have reported their preference for complete

automation.

Preference for complete automation has been reported more by the

library assistants (50 percent) than the assistant librarians (34 percent) and

librarians (32 percent). The percentage reporting preference for complete

automation is more among the senior group i.e. those with more than 10 years of

work experience than in the junior group, i.e. those with 10 or less years of

experience.

228

The difference in the responses relating to preference for complete

automation of the library is found statistically significant by status of accreditation

and age group of the respondents.

The 76 respondents who reported that they don‘t prefer complete

automation were asked to mention the sections of the library which they want to

be computerized in order of their preference. Their responses are shown in

Table-4.47.

Table-4.47: Respondents' priority for Sections that need to be Computerized

Section

Need for Computerization Rank f %

Acquisition 35 46.1 1

Circulation 7 9.2 5

Periodicals 11 14.5 3

Textbook 12 15.8 2

Technical 1 1.3 6

Reference 10 13.1 4

TOTAL 76 100.0 ---

Most of the respondents (46 percent) reported that, in their opinion, the

Acquisition section needs to be computerized first. This is followed by preference

for computerization of Text Book section (16 percent), Periodicals section (15

229

percent), Reference section (13 percent), Circulation section (9 percent) and

Technical section (1 percent).

4.7.2 Opinion / Agreement with selected statements related to Computer Technology As already mentioned, some selected statements were used to

understand the attitude of the respondents and opinion of the respondents

regarding the computer technology. The statements and responses are shown in

Table-4.48.

Table-4.48: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Computer Technology

Percentage Reporting AGREE / YES Percentage

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT

Developed Software packages are better than Commercial ones 83.6

CD-ROMs and DVDs are important in library collection 88.8

Computers shadow the library profession 94.8

Computers enhance the quality of library services 99.1

Information Technology helps in developing professional career 85.3

PERCENTAGE GIVING POSITIVE RESPONSE

Satisfied with customization of Software Packages 89.7

Read Computer magazines to update knowledge & skills 94.8

230

83.6

88.8

94.8

99.1

85.3

75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Developed Software packages are better than Commercial ones

CD-ROMs and DVDs are important in library collection

Computers shadow the library profession

Computers enhance the quality of library services

Information Technology helps in developing professional career

Percentage

Fig.4.19:Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Computer Technology

231

It is to be mentioned here that more than 80 percent of the respondents

have reported their agreement with the listed statements relating to computer

technology.

About 84 percent of the respondents agreed that the library software

packages developed exclusively for their requirements are better than the

available commercial packages. Nearly 90 percent reported their satisfaction with

the customization of software packages. Nearly 89 percent reported that the CD-

ROMs and DVDs are important in library collection.

Almost all the respondents (99 percent) have felt that computers will

enhance the quality of library services. On the other hand, about 95 percent

opined that computers shadow the library profession. Eighty five percent are of

the opinion that Information Technology helps in developing the professional

career.

Ninety-five percent of the respondents are reading some computer related

magazines for updating their knowledge and skills in computer / IT field.

4.7.2.1 Agreement with Statements related to Computer Technology by background Variables

The percentage of respondents reporting their agreement with selected

statements related to computer technology is cross tabulated by background



232


The responses relating to agreement with selected statements related to

computer technology are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-

4.49.

The percentage of respondents who agreed with the listed statement

ranged between 90 and 100 in Srikakulam, 86 and 100 in Vizianagaram and 73

and 99 in Visakhapatnam districts. The difference in the responses among the

three districts is found statistically significant in the case of agreement with the

statement ‗the developed software packages are better than the commercial

ones‘.

In the same way, the percentage reporting agreement with the selected

statements is more among the respondents from NBA accredited college libraries

than among the non-accredited college libraries. No statistically significant

differences are found between the accredited and non-accredited college

libraries with regard to any of the listed statements.

233

Table-4.49: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Computer Technology by District & Status of Accreditation

Percentage Reporting AGREE / YES



SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-

Square Value (df 2)

YES NO Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 20 29 67 30 86

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT Developed Software packages are better than Commercial ones

100.0 96.6 73.1 12.837* 83.3 83.7 0.002


100.0 86.2 86.6 3.053 93.3 87.2 0.838


90.0 89.7 98.5 4.382 96.7 94.2 0.279


100.0 100.0 98.5 0.738 100.0 98.8 0.352


100.0 89.7 79.1 5.951 90.0 83.7 0.701

PERCENTAGE GIVING POSITIVE RESPONSE Satisfied with customization of Software Packages

95.0 82.8 91.0 2.243 96.7 87.2 2.145

Read Computer magazines to update knowledge & skills

90.0 93.1 97.0 1.780 96.7 94.2 0.279




computer technology are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.50.

About 83 to 100 percent of the males and 85 to 97 percent of the females

have reported their agreement with the listed statements. In general the

percentage reporting agreement is more among the males than among the

females with regard to each of the statements. However, the gender difference

with regard to the responses related to any of the statement is not found

significant.

234

In the same way, 77 to 98 percent of the younger group (aged 35 years or

below) and 90 to 100 percent of the elder group (aged above 35 years) have

reported agreement with the selected statements. The percentage reporting

agreement is more from the elder group than from the younger group in case of

each of the statements and the chi-square value revealed significant difference in

the responses between the two age groups with regard to the statement

―Information Technology helps in developing professional career‖.

Table-4.50: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Computer Technology by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group

Gender Age Group

Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df 1)

-35 35+ Chi-



Developed Software packages are better than Commercial ones

83.1 84.8 0.051 78.1 90.4 3.148


90.4 84.8 0.721 87.5 90.4 0.240


95.2 93.9 0.074 95.3 94.2 0.068


100.0 97.0 2.537 98.4 100.0 0.820


85.5 84.8 0.009 76.6 96.2 8.804*


Satisfied with customization of Software Packages

88.0 93.4 0.913 89.1 90.4 0.054


95.2 93.9 0.074 93.7 96.2 0.338


235



computer technology are shown by designation and work experience in Table-

4.51.

Table-4.51: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Computer Technology by Designation & Work Experience




(Yrs)

Librarian Asst.



- 10

10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT Developed Software packages are better than Commercial ones

89.5 76.6 83.3 3.120 82.5 86.1 0.236


86.0 89.4 100.0 1.988 90.0 86.1 0.377


94.7 93.6 100.0 0.796 95.0 94.4 0.016


100.0 100.0 91.7 8.742* 98.8 100.0 0.454


89.5 78.7 91.7 2.808 83.8 88.9 0.524


Satisfied with customization of Software Packages

85.9 93.6 91.7 1.685 91.3 86.1 0.707


94.7 95.7 91.7 0.326 96.3 91.7 1.063


About 86 to 100 percent of the librarians, 77 to 100 percent of the

assistant librarians and 83 to 100 percent of the library assistants have reported

their agreement with the listed statements. In general the percentage reporting

agreement is more among the assistant librarians than among the librarians. The



236

assistant, the exception being for the statement ―Computers enhance the quality

of library services‖.

In the same way, 83 to 99 percent of the junior group (with an experience

of 10 years or below) and 86 to 100 percent of the senior group (with an

experience of more than 10 years) have reported agreement with the selected

statements. The chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the

responses between the two age groups.

4.7.3 Opinion / Agreement with selected statements related to Communication Media Technology As already mentioned, some selected statements were used to


regarding the communication media technology. The statements and responses

are shown in Table-4.52.

237

Table-4.52: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Communication media Technology

Percentage Reporting AGREE / YES Percentage


E-mail is more useful for information transfer over other methods 90.5

Multimedia is useful in libraries 98.3

Multimedia supersedes the print media 16.4

Multimedia supplements the print media 83.6


Satisfied with Internet facility for Information Search 98.3

238

0 20 40 60 80 100

E-mail is more useful for information transfer over other

methods

Multimedia is useful in libraries

Multimedia supersedes the print media

Multimedia supplements the print media

90.5

98.3

16.4

83.6

Percentage

Fig.4.20:Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Communication media Technology

239

It is to be mentioned here that more than 84 percent of the respondents

have reported their agreement with the listed statements relating to

communication media technology.

About 91 percent of the respondents agreed that E-mail is more useful for

information transfer over other methods. About 98 percent reported that

multimedia is important in library collection. Nearly 84 percent reported that

Multimedia supplements the print media and the remaining 16 percent opined

that multimedia supersedes the print media. About 98 percent expressed their

satisfaction with Internet facility as a tool for their information search.

4.7.3.1 Agreement with Statements related to Communication Media Technology by background Variables


statements related to communication media technology is cross tabulated by

background variables and presented separately by district and status of

accreditation, gender and age group, designation and work experience.



communication media technology are shown by district and status of

accreditation in Table-4.53.

240

The percentage of respondents who agreed with the listed statement

ranged between 60 and 100 in Srikakulam, 90 and 100 in Vizianagaram and 87

and 99 in Visakhapatnam districts. The difference in the responses among the

three districts is found statistically significant in the case of agreement with the

statement related to the impact of multimedia on print media.

In the same way, the percentage reporting agreement with the selected

statements is more or less similar among the respondents from NBA accredited

college libraries and the non-accredited college libraries. No statistically

significant differences are found between the accredited and non-accredited

college libraries with regard to any of the listed statements.

Table-4.53: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Communication media Technology by District & Status of Accreditation




SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-

Square Value (df 2)

YES NO Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 20 29 67 30 86

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT E-mail is more useful for information transfer over other methods

100.0 93.1 86.6 3.539 96.7 88.4 1.783

Multimedia is useful in libraries 95.0 100.0 98.5 1.797 100.0 97.7 0.710

Multimedia supersedes the print media 40.0 10.3 11.9 9.882*

23.3 14.0 1.429

Multimedia supplements the print media 60.0 89.7 88.1 76.7 86.0

PERCENTAGE GIVING POSITIVE RESPONSE Satisfied with Internet facility for Information Search

95.0 100.0 98.5 1.797 96.7 98.8 0.618


241

4.7.3.1B By Gender and Age Group The responses relating to agreement with selected statements related to

computer technology are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.54.

Table-4.54: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Communication media Technology by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group

Gender Age Group

Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df 1)

-35 35+ Chi-



E-mail is more useful for information transfer over other methods

91.6 87.9 0.374 84.4 98.1 6.275*

Multimedia is useful in libraries 97.6 100.0 0.809 96.9 100.0 1.654

Multimedia supersedes the print media 13.3 24.2 2.082

12.5 21.2 1.569

Multimedia supplements the print media 86.7 75.8 87.5 78.8


Satisfied with Internet facility for Information Search 97.6 100.0 0.809 98.4 98.1 0.022


About 87 to 98 percent of the males and 76 to 100 percent of the females

have reported their agreement with the listed statements. In general the

percentage reporting agreement is more among the males than among the

females with regard to each of the statements. However, the gender difference

with regard to the responses related to any of the statement is not found

significant.

In the same way, 84 to 98 percent of the younger group (aged 35 years or

below) and 79 to 100 percent of the elder group (aged above 35 years) have

reported agreement with the selected statements. The percentage reporting

agreement is more from the elder group than from the younger group and the

chi-square value revealed significant difference in the responses between the

242

two age groups with regard to the statement related to usefulness of e-mail for

information search over other methods.



communication media technology are shown by designation and work experience

in Table-4.55.

Table-4.55: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to Communication media Technology by Designation & Work Experience



Designation Work Experience (Yrs)

Librarian Asst.



- 10 10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT E-mail is more useful for information transfer over other methods

93.0 85.1 100.0 3.264 90.0 91.7 0.080

Multimedia is useful in libraries 98.2 97.9 100.0 0.256 97.5 100.0 0.916

Multimedia supersedes the print media

14.0 19.1 16.7 0.493

16.3 16.7 0.003

Multimedia supplements the print media

86.0 80.9 83.3 83.7 83.3

PERCENTAGE GIVING POSITIVE RESPONSE Satisfied with Internet facility for Information Search

100.0 97.9 91.7 4.139 98.8 97.2 0.342


About 86 to 100 percent of the librarians, 81 to 98 percent of the assistant

librarians and 83 to 100 percent of the library assistants have reported their

agreement with the listed statements. In general the percentage reporting

agreement is more among the librarians than among the assistant librarians. The


243


assistant.

In the same way, 84 to 99 percent of the junior group (with an experience

of 10 years or below) and 83 to 100 percent of the senior group (with an

experience of more than 10 years) have reported agreement with the selected

statements. The chi-square values do not reveal any significant difference in the

responses between the two age groups.

4.7.4 Opinion / Agreement with selected statements related to Audio Video Technology As already mentioned, some selected statements were used to


regarding the Audio Video technology. The statements and responses are shown

in Table-4.56 by background variables.

In all, about 83 percent of the respondents reported that knowledge of

audio video technology is useful for the library professionals, while 14 percent felt

that it is not useful. The remaining 3 percent could not say either way.

The percentage who feels that AV technology is useful for library

professionals is 85 in Visakhapatnam, 83 in Vizianagaram and 75 in Srikakulam

districts. The difference in these responses among the three districts is

statistically significant.

Ninety percent from NBA accredited college libraries and 80 percent from

non-accredited college libraries reported the usefulness of AV technology to

library professionals.

244

Table-4.56: Opinion of Respondents on the Usefulness of Knowledge on AV technology to library professionals by Background Variables


Opinion on Usefulness of Knowledge on AV technology (in

percentage)

Chi Square Value

Useful Not Useful Can't Say

District

Srikakulam 20 75.0 10.0 15.0 10.510*

(df 4) Vizianagaram 29 82.8 13.8 3.4

Visakhapatnam 67 85.1 14.9 0.0

Accreditation

Accredited 30 90.0 10.0 0.0 2.074 (df 2) non-accredited 86 80.2 15.1 4.7

Gender

Males 83 81.9 14.5 3.6 0.141 (df 2) Females 33 84.8 12.1 3.1

Age Group (Years)

-35 64 79.7 14.1 6.2 3.420 (df 2) 35+ 52 86.5 13.5 0.0

Designation

Librarian 57 82.5 10.5 7.0

8.669 (df 4)

Assistant Librarian 47 78.7 21.3 0.0

Library Assistant 12 100.0 0.0 0.0


-10 80 80.0 15.0 5.0 2.309

(df 2) 10 + 36 88.9 11.1 0.0


TOTAL 116 82.8 13.8 3.4

245

75.0

82.8

85.1

90.0

80.2

81.9

84.8

79.7

86.5

82.5

78.7

100.0

80.0

88.9

82.8

10.0

13.8

14.9

10.0

15.1

14.5

12.1

14.1

13.5

10.5

21.3

0.0

15.0

11.1

13.8

15.0

3.4

0.0

0.0

4.7

3.6

3.1

6.2

0.0

7.0

0.0

0.0

5.0

0.0

3.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

Accredited

non-accredited

Males

Females

-35

35+

Librarian

Assistant Librarian

Library Assistant

-10

10 +

Dis

tric

tA

ccre

dit

atio

nG

end

erA

ge G

rou

p

(Ye

ars)

Des

ign

atio

n

Wo

rk E

xper

ien

ce

(Ye

ars)

TOTA

L

Percentage

Fig.4.21:Opinion of Respondents on the Usefulness of Knowledge on AV technology by Background Variables

Useful Not Useful Can't Say

246

By gender, 85 percent of females and 82 percent of males are of the

opinion that AV technology is useful to the library professionals. The same view

is expressed by 87 percent of the respondents from older age group (above 35

years of age) and 80 percent from younger group (35 years or below).

All the library assistants, 83 percent of the librarians and 79 percent of the

assistant librarians expressed that knowledge of AV technology is useful for

library professionals. The same view is reported by 89 percent of the senior

group (more than 10 year of work experience) and 80 percent of the junior group

( 10 years or less work experience).

4.7.5 Opinion / Agreement with selected statements related to Use of electronic resources As already mentioned, some selected statements were used to


regarding the use of electronic resources. The statements and responses are

shown in Table-4.57.

247

Table-4.57: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to use of e-resources

Percentage Reporting AGREEMENT Percentage


Electronic Resources are more time saving in getting needed information

99.1

More information is available through Electronic Resources

100.0

Use of Electronic Information is not easy and require different skills

99.1

248

99.1%

100.0%

99.1%




Fig.4.22:Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to use of e-Resources

249

It is to be mentioned here that almost all the respondents have reported

their agreement with the listed statements relating to use of electronic resources.

About 99 percent of the respondents agreed that E- Resources are time

saving in getting needed information. An equal proportion also stated that use of

e-resources is not easy and it requires different skills. All the 116 respondents

have agreed that more information is available through electronic resources.

In fact, as the percentage responses showing agreement with the listed

statements is high (more than 99 percent), cross tabulations by backgroung

variables is not necessary. However, in order to keep uniformity in presentation,

the cross tabulations were also presented here.

4.7.5.1 Agreement with Statements related to Use of E-Resources by background Variables


statements related to use of e-resources is cross tabulated by background





use of e-resources are shown by district and status of accreditation in Table-

4.58.

250

Table-4.58: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to use of e-resources by District & Status of Accreditation

Percentage Reporting AGREEMENT



SKLM VZM VSKP Chi-

Square Value (df 2)

YES NO Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 20 29 67 30 86

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT Electronic Resources are more time saving in getting needed information

100.0 100.0 98.5 0.738 100.0 98.8 0.352


100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---


95.0 100.0 100 4.842 100.0 98.8 0.352


The difference in the responses, either among the three districts or

between the accredited and non-accredited college libraries is not found

statistically significant in the case of agreement with any of the statements

related to the use of electronic resources.

4.7.5.1B By Gender and Age Group The responses relating to agreement with selected statements related to

use of e-resources are shown by gender and age group in Table-4.59.

251

Table-4.59: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to use of e-resources by Gender & Age Group


Gender & Age Group

Gender Age Group

Male Female Chi-

Square Value (df 1)

-35 35+ Chi-




98.8 100.0 0.401 98.4 100.0 0.820


100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---


100.0 97.0 2.537 100.0 98.1 1.241


As already mentioned, 99 to 100 percent of the respondents have

reported agreement with the listed statements. Hence, significant differences in

the responses cannot be expected either by gender or by age group.



use of e-resources are shown by designation and work experience in Table-4.60.

252

Table-4.60: Percentage Reporting Agreement with selected statements relating to use of e-resources by Designation & Work Experience




Librarian Asst.



- 10 10+ Chi-

Square Value (df 1) 57 47 12 80 36

PERCENTAGE REPORTING AGREEMENT Electronic Resources are more time saving in getting needed information

100.0 97.9 100.0 1.480 98.8 100.0 0.454


100.0 100.0 100.0 --- 100.0 100.0 ---


98.2 100.0 100.0 1.044 100.0 97.2 2.242


By designation and by work experience also, the differences in the

responses regarding agreement with selected statements relating to the use of e-

resources are not marked and statistically significant.

4.7.6 Opinion / Agreement with selected statements related to Computer Printing Technology

Two statements on the need for knowledge of computer printing

technology to library professionals and the need for printing technology in library

housekeeping activities were placed before the respondents for their agreement.

4.7.6.1 Opinion on the Need for Knowledge on Computer Printing Technology to library professionals by Background Variables

The opinion of the respondents on the need for knowledge of computer

printing technology to library professionals is shown in Table-4.61 by background

variables.

253

Table-4.61: Opinion of Respondents on the Necessity of Knowledge on Computer Printing technology to library professionals by Background

Variables


Opinion on Knowledge on Computer Printing technology (in percentage) Chi Square

Value Necessary Not Necessary

District

Srikakulam 20 100.0 0.0 6.401* (df 2)

Vizianagaram 29 93.1 6.9

Visakhapatnam 67 80.6 19.4

Accreditation

Accredited 30 90.0 10.0 0.309 (df 1) non-accredited 86 86.0 14.0

Gender

Males 83 84.3 15.7 1.934 (df 1) Females 33 93.9 6.1

Age Group (Years)

-35 64 82.8 17.2 2.297 (df 1) 35+ 52 92.3 7.7

Designation

Librarian 57 86.0 14.0 2.005 (df 2)

Assistant Librarian 47 85.1 14.9

Library Assistant 12 100.0 0.0

Work Experience (Years) -10 80 88.7 11.3 0.647

(df 1) 10 + 36 83.3 16.7


TOTAL 116 87.1 12.9

254

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

Accredited

non-accredited

Males

Females

-35

35+

Librarian

Assistant Librarian

Library Assistant

-10

10 +

Dis

tric

tA

ccre

dit

atio

nG

en

de

rA

ge G

rou

p

(Ye

ars)

De

sign

atio

n

Wo

rk E

xpe

rie

nce

(Y

ear

s)TO

TAL

100.0

93.1

80.6

90.0

86.0

84.3

93.9

82.8

92.3

86.0

85.1

100.0

88.7

83.3

87.1

Percentage

Fig.4.23:Opinion of Respondents on the Necessity of Knowledge on Computer Printing technology by Background Variables

255

It is observed that about 87 percent of the total respondents agree that the

knowledge of computer printing technology is necessary for the library

professionals while the remaining 13 percent felt that it is not necessary.

The proportion of respondents who agree that the knowledge is necessary

is 100 percent in Srikakulam, 93 percent in Vizianagaram and 81 in

Visakhapatnam districts. The chi-square value indicates significant difference

among the three districts with regard to these responses.

Ninety percent from NBA accredited and 86 percent from non-accredited

college libraries also reported that the knowledge of computer printing technology

is necessary for library professionals.

About 94 percent of the females and 84 percent of the males also felt the

need for knowledge on computer technology. This is expressed by 92 percent of

the elder group (above 35 years of age) and 83 percent of the younger group

(aged 35 years or below).

The need for knowledge of computer printing technology is reported by all

the library assistants, 86 percent of the librarians and 85 percent of the assistant

librarians.

The same view is recorded from 89 percent of the junior group ( with 10 or

less tears of work experience) and 83 percent of the senior group (with more

than 10 years of work experience).

4.7.6.2 Opinion on the Need for Printing Technology in library housekeeping activities by Background Variables

The opinion of the respondents on the need for printing technology in

library housekeeping activities is shown in Table-4.62 by background variables.

256

Table-4.62: Opinion of Respondents on the Necessity of Printing technology in library Housekeeping Activities by Background Variables


Opinion on Necessity of Printing technology in Housekeeping (in percentage) Chi Square

Value Necessary Not Necessary

District

Srikakulam 20 100.0 0.0 2.634 (df 2)

Vizianagaram 29 96.6 3.4

Visakhapatnam 67 91.0 9.0

Accreditation

Accredited 30 96.7 3.3 0.521 (df 1) non-accredited 86 93.0 7.0

Gender

Males 83 91.6 8.4 2.962 (df 1) Females 33 100 0.0

Age Group (Years)

-35 64 93.8 6.2 0.012 (df 1) 35+ 52 94.2 5.8

Designation

Librarian 57 96.5 3.5 3.169 (df 2)

Assistant Librarian 47 89.4 10.6

Library Assistant 12 100.0 0.0


-10 80 93.7 6.3 0.021

(df 1) 10 + 36 94.4 5.6


TOTAL 116 94.0 6.0

257

80 85 90 95 100

Srikakulam

Vizianagaram

Visakhapatnam

Accredited

non-accredited

Males

Females

-35

35+

Librarian

Assistant Librarian

Library Assistant

-10

10 +

Dis

tric

tA

ccre

dit

atio

nG

end

erA

ge G

rou

p

(Ye

ars)

Des

ign

atio

n

Wo

rk E

xper

ien

ce

(Ye

ars)

TOTA L

100.0

96.6

91.0

96.7

93.0

91.6

100.0

93.8

94.2

96.5

89.4

100.0

93.7

94.4

94.0

Percentage

Fig.4.24:Opinion of Respondents on the Necessity of Printing technology in library Housekeeping Activities by Background Variables

258

In all, 94 percent of the respondents agree that printing technology is

necessary for the library housekeeping activities while the remaining 6 percent

felt that it is not necessary.

The proportion of respondents who agree that printing technology is

necessary in library housekeeping activities is 100 percent in Srikakulam, 97

percent in Vizianagaram and 91 in Visakhapatnam districts.

Ninety-seven percent from NBA accredited and 93 percent from non-

accredited college libraries also reported that the printing technology is

necessary for library housekeeping activities.

All the female respondents and 92 percent of the males also felt the need

for computer technology in housekeeping. This is expressed by 94 percent of the

elder group (above 35 years of age) and by an equal percent of the younger

group (aged 35 years or below).

The need for printing technology in library housekeeping activities is

reported by all the library assistants, 97 percent of the librarians and 89 percent

of the assistant librarians.

The same view is recorded from 94 percent each of the junior group (with

10 or less tears of work experience) and of the senior group (with more than 10

years of work experience).

chapter 4 analysis & observations -...

Documents