chapter 4
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Chapter 4. Electricity and Power Supplies. You Will Learn…. How electricity is measured How to protect your computer system against damaging changes in electrical power About different form factors and computer cases How to detect and correct power supply problems - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
You Will Learn…
How electricity is measured How to protect your computer system against
damaging changes in electrical power About different form factors and computer
cases How to detect and correct power supply
problems About Energy Star specifications
Voltage
Electrical force created by the potential difference in charge
Measured in units called volts
Relationship Between Voltage and Current
Direct relationship• As the electrical potential difference (voltage)
increases, the electrical current increases
• As the voltage decreases, the current decreases
Ohms
Standard unit of measurement for electrical resistance
Resistors are devices used in electrical circuits to resist the flow of electricity
As resistance decreases, electricity increases
Relationship Among Voltage, Current, and Resistance
Voltage and current have a direct relationship• When voltage increases, current increases
Resistance has an inverse relationship with voltage and current• As resistance increases, either current or voltage decreases• As resistance decreases, either current or voltage increases
(Ohm’s Law)
One volt drives a current of one amp through a resistance of one ohm
Wattage
Total amount of power needed to operate an electrical device
Measured in watts Calculated by multiplying volts by amps in a
system (W = V x A)
AC and DC
AC (alternating current)• Cycles back and forth rather than traveling in only one
direction• Most economical way to transmit electricity
DC (direct current)• Travels in only one direction• Type of current required by most electronic devices,
including computers• Computer power supplies function as both a transformer
and a rectifier
Hot, Neutral, and Ground
Short circuit• Occurs when electricity is allowed to flow
uncontrolled from hot line to neutral line or from hot line to the ground
Fuse• Designed to prevent too much current from
flowing through the circuit
Protecting Your Computer System
General safety precautions Protecting against electricity Protecting against electrostatic discharge (ESD
or static electricity) and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Surge protection and battery backup
Protecting Against Electricity
When working inside a computer• Turn off the power
• Unplug the computer
• Use a ground bracelet
Static Electricity
Ground yourself and computer parts, using static control devices or methods• Ground bracelet or static strap• Ground mats• Static shielding bags
Caution: Don’t wear a ground bracelet when working inside a monitor or with high-voltage equipment such as a laser printer
Electromagnetic Interference
Caused by the magnetic field produced as a side effect when electricity flows
Radio frequency interference (RFI) can cause problems with radio and TV reception
Use a line conditioner to filter electrical noise causing the EMI
Surge Protection andBattery Backup
Devices that filter AC input• Surge suppressors (or surge protectors)
• Power conditioners
• Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)• Also provides backup power
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Benefits• Condition line for brownouts and spikes
• Provide backup power during a blackout
• Protect against very high spikes that could damage equipment
What to Consider WhenBuying a UPS
Cost Rating should exceed your total VA or wattage
output by at least 25% Degree of line conditioning Warranty, service policies, and guarantee
Computer Case and Form Factors
Form factor• Describes the size, shape, and general makeup of a
hardware component
• Must match for motherboard, power supply, and case
Case, Power Supply, and Motherboard Form Factors
AT ATX (most popular) LPX NLX Backplane systems
Most common form factors used on PCs:• AT
• Baby AT
• ATX
• Mini-ATX
Types of Cases
Desktop cases Tower cases
• Minitower
• Midsize (most popular)
• Full-size
Laptop cases
Detecting and Correcting Power Supply Problems
Measuring the voltage of a power supply Upgrading and installing power supplies Troubleshooting the power system and power
supply
Measuring the Voltage of a Power Supply
Use a multimeter• Before using, tell it three things
• Whether to measure voltage, current, or resistance• Whether the current is AC or DC• What range of values it should expect
• How to measure voltage
• How to measure current
• How to measure continuity
How to Measure the Voltage of a Power Supply
How to measure the power output for AT and ATX motherboards
Procedure for a secondary storage device
Upgrading Your Power Supply
Sometimes necessary when you add new devices
Easiest way to fix a power supply you suspect is faulty is to replace it
Introduction to Troubleshooting
Categories of problems• Problems that prevent the PC from booting
• Problems that occur after a successful boot
Learn as much as you can by asking questions of the user
Troubleshooting the Power System: Guidelines and Questions
Any burnt parts or odors? Everything connected and turned on? Loose cable
connections? Computer plugged in? All switches turned on? Computer? Monitor? Surge
protector? UPS? Separate circuit breaker? Wall outlet good?
If fan is not running, turn off computer: Connections to power supply secure? Cards securely seated?
Troubleshooting the Power System
Troubleshooting the power supply itself Troubleshooting the power supply fan Power problems with the motherboard Overheating
Energy Star Systems(The Green Star)
Satisfy energy-conserving standards of the U.S. EPA
Generally have a standby program that switches the device to sleep mode when it is not in use
Apply to computers, monitors, printers, copiers, and fax machines
Power Management Methods
Advanced Power Management (APM) AT Attachment (ATA) for IDE drives Display Power Management Signaling
(DPMS) standards for monitors and video cards
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
Power Management Features
Green timer on motherboard Doze time Standby time Suspend time Hard drive standby time
Energy Star Monitors
Most adhere to DPMS specifications which allow for the video card and monitor to go into sleep mode simultaneously
View and change energy settings in Desktop Properties window (Windows 2000)