Chapter 4-1

Chapter 4-2

Database Management Systems

Overview Not a database Separate software system

Functions Enables users to utilize database information

more efficiently

Examples Access, Alpha 5, dQuery, Lotus Approach

Chapter 4-3

Introduction to Microsoft Access

A popular relational database

Used by many businesses and individuals

Used for small database applications

Chapter 4-4

Microsoft Access – Opening Screen

Chapter 4-5

Creating Database Tables – Defining Record Format

Field Name Names assigned to the data fields

Data Type Specified for each data field Identifies how to store the data – field properties

Description Optional field Defines record structures

Chapter 4-6

Creating Database Tables – Opening Screen

Chapter 4-7

Creating Database Tables – Record Format

Chapter 4-8

Creating Relationships

Purpose Link tables together Enable users to create multi-table reports

Steps in Creating Relationships Select tables Link the tables

Chapter 4-9

Creating Database Relationships – Linking

Tables

Chapter 4-10

Creating Relationships – Multitable Relationships

Chapter 4-11

Creating Records

Utilize datasheet view to input data

Chapter 4-12

Data Validation

Data Definition Language (DDL) Enables users to define record structure Define individual fields of each record (text,

date, number, etc.) by size and if required

Example

Chapter 4-13

Tools for Data Validation

Proper Data Types for Fields Only accept letters or numbers or dates

Input Masks Limit data to specific formats (e.g. SSN XXX-XX-

XXXX or telephone number XXX-XXX-XXXX)

Default Values Data fields of new records (city resident must have

zip of 99324)

Chapter 4-14

Tools for Data Validation

Drop-Down Lists (e.g. alumni database, type of industry in which alum works)

Validation Rules Create rules than limit range of values that may

be entered

Referential Integrity Deleting of information disallowed when it

would disrupt references

Chapter 4-15

Drop-Down List Example

Chapter 4-16

Validation Rule Example

Chapter 4-17

Creating Referential Integrity

Chapter 4-18

All of the following are examples of DBMSs except:

A. Access

B. Oracle

C. DB2

D. SQL

Study Break #1

Chapter 4-19

All of the following are examples of DBMSs except:

A. Access

B. Oracle

C. DB2

D. SQL

Study Break #1 - Answer

Chapter 4-20

An example of a validation rule is:

A. An input value must be an integer

B. An input value must also have a default value

C. An input value must be between 0 and 40

D. You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them

Study Break #2

Chapter 4-21

An example of a validation rule is:

A. An input value must be an integer

B. An input value must also have a default value

C. An input value must be between 0 and 40

D. You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them

Study Break #2 - Answer

Chapter 4-22

Tips for CreatingDatabase Tables and

Records

Design firstCreate tables and records last

Name tables systematically Use conventional tbl prefixes

Use mnemonic names for data fields

Assign correct data types to data fields

Chapter 4-23

Tips for CreatingDatabase Tables and

Records

Data fields that link tables must be the same data type

Limit the size of text data fields to reasonable lengths

Use input masks

Chapter 4-24

Extracting Data From Databases

Schema All information in a database All relationships of the tables Map of entire database

Subschema Subset of the schema

Chapter 4-25

Creating Select Queries

Queries Create customized subschemas

Dynaset Dynamic subset of a database Created by queries Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Chapter 4-26

Query Example

Chapter 4-27

Creating Select Queries

One-Table Select Queries Creates a dynaset Based on:

Criteria determining which records to include Criteria determining which fields to include from

those records Single or Multiple Criteria

Chapter 4-28

Select Query Example

Chapter 4-29

Multi-Table Select Query Example

Chapter 4-30

Multi-Table Select Query Example

Chapter 4-31

Creating Action Queries

Delete queries

Append queries

Sum a column

Update queries

Make-table queries

Chapter 4-32

Query Wizard Queries

Simple query Wizard

Crosstab queries

Find-Duplicates queries

Find-unmatched queries

Chapter 4-33

Query Wizard Screen

Chapter 4-34

Guidelines for Creating Queries

Spell accurately and be case sensitive

Specify AND and OR operations correctly

Tables must be joined properly

Name queries systematically

Choose data fields selectively

Chapter 4-35

Extracting Data From Databases

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Example of SQL Instructions

Chapter 4-36

Extracting Data From Databases

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Complex, multidimensional data analysis Pivot tables

Data Mining Utilize a set of data analysis and statistical

tools Identify relationships, patterns, or trends

Chapter 4-37

Data Mining

Analytical tools for detecting trends or relationships among seemingly uncorrelated dataUsed in: Marketing (promotions, ads, etc.) Auditing & criminal/terrorist investigations

(connecting the dots)

Software examples: Darwin (Oracle); Intelli Miner (IBM)

Chapter 4-38

Cloud Computing

Form of Internet-based Computing Software provided through the Internet Processing occurs on a Web of computers Expands IT capabilities

Database-As-A-Service (DAAS) Outsourcing of databases

Backup Services

Chapter 4-39

Data Warehouses

Multiple databases stored in one systemEnables efficient use of data to pinpoint customer needs, etc.; helps generate ROIDifficult to collect and store diverse info in a consistent and useful way; can be very costlyCharacteristics needed Free of errors (scrub or clean data) Defined uniformly (normalize & standardize) Span long timeframe (> than transaction system)

Chapter 4-40

All of the following are examples of action queries except:

A. Update query

B. Append query

C. Delete query

D. Find missing data query

Study Break #3

Chapter 4-41

All of the following are examples of action queries except:

A. Update query

B. Append query

C. Delete query

D. Find missing data query

Study Break #3 - Answer

Chapter 4-42

SQL is an example of:

A. A tool to perform online analytical processing

B. A database management system

C. A query language

D. A multimedia database

Study Break #4

Chapter 4-43

SQL is an example of:

A. A tool to perform online analytical processing

B. A database management system

C. A query language

D. A multimedia database

Study Break #4 - Answer