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Group 6: Jessica Blank, Hali Levine, Kelee Patterson, Miranda Rees, Jenna Utecht, Lauren Walker, Alex Zagvazdin

Grade level: High School Seniors

Age: 17-18

Chapter 35: Administering First Aid, Lessons 1-4

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Three Vital Steps of First Aid First Aid- The immediate, temporary, care given to a person who has become sick or injured

1. Administer medical assistance

2. React immediately

3. Stay calmhttp://buybuildingsupplies.com.au/images/first-aid-kit19055.jpg

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Importance of First Aid

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Priorities in an EmergencyCheck immediate surroundings for possible dangers

Check to see if the victim is consciousCheck breathingControl severe bleedingCheck the victim for poisoningSend for medical help

http://blog.pennlive.com/pennsyltucky/2007/09/emergency-vehicle.jpg

http://med.fau.edu/biomedical/images/emergency2.jpg

Open Wound Emergencies

Abrasion (aka scrape)- Damage to outer layer of skin

- Little to no bleeding

Laceration (cut)- Caused by sharp objects or a big hit from a blunt object

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AbrasionLaceration

http://gallery.hd.org/_c/medicine/_more2006 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2015/1975751152_a15ca109e7.jpg

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Avulsion

Puncture

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Open Wound Emergencies

Puncture- Potential for internal bleeding

- Caused by sharp object that pierces skin

Avulsion- Tissue separates from body. ex. Car accidents

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First Aid for Open Wounds

Stop bleeding

Protect the wound

Treat for shock - Symptoms of shock: Confusion, accelerated or slowed pulse rate, shaking, pale/clammy skin, enlarged pupils, weakness in arms.

Get help

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Severe Burns and First Aid

First-degree (sunburn)- Apply aloe/lotion

Second-degree - Place covering over burn to prevent infection (saran wrap)

Third-degree (most severe)- Apply clean, dry dressing - Treat for shock

First-DegreeSecond-Degree

Third-Degree

First Aid for Ingesting Poisons

PoisonSymptoms- Sharp abdominal cramps- Vomiting- Chemical odor on breath- Chemical burns on lips

Retain open container Contact nearest Poison Control Center

www.childsafetyaustralia.com.au

www.stoke.gov.uk

pets.thisweeknews.com

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First Aid for Snakebites

Get the victim to the hospital Keep the bitten area at or below the heart

Call EMS, 911Delay absorption of venom- Avoid putting anything cold

Maintain breathing and prevent aggravation

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First Aid for Poisonous Plants

Poison SumacPoison Ivy Poison Oak

Know what they look likeRemove contaminated clothingWash area with soap and waterCalamine lotion to relieve itching

If severe, seek medical attention

http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/poisonivy8-11b.jpg http://www.howtoavoidthebummerlife.com/weblog/archives/poison_oak.jpg

http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/tove4969.jpg

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http://www.medscape.com/content/2004/00/47/51/475190/art-pn475190.fig2.jpg

Know What It Looks Like

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Poison IvyPoison Oak

Poison Sumac

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Poisonous Chemicals and First AidMake sure safety caps on all bottles/containersStore in place out of reach from small childrenDirect poison contact on skin causes burning sensation and red irritation

Remove any clothing that has come in contact with the chemical

Remove as much chemicals from infected skinContact the nearest poison control center

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First Aid for Choking

Choking - When a piece of food or an object becomes lodged in the trachea

http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/FoodHandlerCard/images/categories/Choking.gif

Administer abdominal thrusts If victim is unable to breathe, cough, or speak

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Abdominal Thrusts

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Chair Technique

Heimlich Maneuver

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Step 1:- Place infant on downward angle over arm

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Step 2:- Give four quick blows to back (between shoulder blades) with heel of opposite hand

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Choking in Infants

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Choking in Infants

Step 3:- Carefully turn infant over- Press two fingers into middle of baby's sternum for a chest thrust

- Repeat four timeshttp://img.quamut.com/chart/221/FA22chestthrusts.jpg

Step 4:- Repeat steps 1-3 until object is dislodged

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Respiratory FailureOccurs when choking blockage is severe and air is unable to reach lungs

May result from drowning, gas poisoning, overdose of narcotics, or electrocution

Signs of respiratory failure:- Absence of breathing movements- Dilated pupils- Bluish color to lips, tongue, and/or fingernails

http://www.brighamandwomens.org/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx

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Rescue Breathing for AdultsCheck for consciousnessTilt head backward to open the airwayLook, listen, and feel for breathIf no breath, pinch nostrils and give two full breaths to victim, 1 to 1½ seconds each

Look, listen, and feel for breath and heartbeatIf there is a pulse, but no breathing, give rescue breaths at a rate of one every five seconds

http://img.quamut.com/chart/221/FA16mouthseal.jpg

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Infant/Children Rescue BreathingSimilar to adult rescue breathing

Exceptions:- Do not tilt head as far back- For infants, cover mouth and nose with your mouth- Infants: one breath every three seconds- Children: one breath every four seconds

http://www.childrenfirst.nhs.uk/families/images/firstaid/child-rescue-breath.gifhttp://www.childrenfirst.nhs.uk/families/images/firstaid/baby-rescue-breath.gif

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

A means of forcing the heart to beat

Three basic steps:- Remember ABC’s of CPR:

- 1. Airway- 2. Breathing- 3. Circulation

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http://www.cpro.org.uk/images/siteImages/CPR_-_Chest_Compressions.jpg

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CPR for Adults

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CPR for Infants

Common Emergencies

Fractures- Keep bone end from moving- Secure a splint from handmade materialsSprains

- Use R.I.C.E. procedure:- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/images/Compound_fracture_dislocation_left_ankle.jpg

http://www.healthline.com/blogs/exercise_fitness/uploaded_images/AnkleSprain2-722560.jpg

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Common EmergenciesFainting- Elevate legs- Loosen tight clothing- Open airway- Sponge face with water

Animal Bites- Wash with soap and warm water- Wrap with clean dressing

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http://www.pilawsuit.com/Images/Dog%20Bite.jpg

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Common Emergencies

Bee Stings- Use sharp-edged object to remove stinger

- Wash with soap and water- Watch for allergic reactions

Object in Eye- Flush with water working outward from edge nearest nose

http://www.healthline.com/blogs/outdoor_health/uploaded_images/bee-stinger-724392.jpg

http://www.highlandwoodworking-blog.com/weblog/images/eye1.jpg

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Common EmergenciesMinor Burns- Soak in cool water or with wet towels- Cover with sterile dressings

Nosebleeds- Have person lean forward- Apply pressure and cold towel to nostril- Place cotton/gauze between upper lip and teeth

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Weather-Related Emergencies

Frost Bite- Occurs in extremely cold conditions when ice kills tissue and causes skin to lose color and feeling

Rewarm frozen body part(s) in lukewarm waterBandaged injured areas with gauze in between fingers and toes

Seek medical attention immediately

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Weather-Related Emergencies

Heat Cramps- Move victim out of heat- Apply pressure to/massage cramped muscles- Give victim water or sports drink

Heat Stroke- Move victim out of heat to shaded area- Immerse victim in cold water or place ice packs around neck, in the groin, and under the arms

http://www.schattenland.info/Sun.jpg

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