Chapter 32, Section 2 “Japan Strikes in the Pacific”

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan’s Southeast Asian Plans

-if Japan conquered European colonies in Asia, American-controlled Philippine Islands & Guam threatened

U.S. sent aid to China to stop Japanese advance Japan overran Indochina

- FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan Isoroku Yamamoto called for attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii

- it was a “dagger pointed at Japan’s throat” & must be destroyed

http://www.military.com/video/off-duty/movies/pearl-harbor-

movie-attack-scene-1/1314914661001/ (3:49)

Isoroku Yamamoto

Although Yamamoto argued for the attack on Pearl Harbor, he held no illusions about the war’s final outcome.

He admitted to an aide, “In the first six to

twelve months of a war with the United States and Britain, I will run wild and win victory after victory. After that, I have no expectation of success.”

Day of Infamy –December 7, 1941

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

-sunk or damaged 19 ships; +2,300 killed + 1,100 wounded -declared by FDR, “a date which will live in infamy” http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

President Roosevelt speaking to Congress following the attacks on Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Tide of Japanese Victories

Japanese attacked British colony of Hong Kong

also attacked American-controlled Guam & Wake Island

landed invasion force in Thailand

footage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiC8OhSZMNg&feature=related

Japanese Victories

British Possessions in Asia 1. Singapore surrendered to Japan 2. Japan conquered Dutch East Indies & Burma 3. Japan had control of +1 million square miles of Asian land

a. about 150 million people lived in this area b. often treated people of new colonies w/

cruelty Disguised their intentions by dropping leaflets before

attacks, proclaiming “Asians for Asians!”

Japanese Victories The Philippines

-January 1942 – Japanese marched into Manila - American & Filipino took defense on Bataan

Peninsula - after about 3 months of fighting, Japan took

Bataan Peninsula

General Douglas MacArthur promised, “I shall return,” to his troops left

behind in the Philippines.

. . . Bataan Death March

At dawn April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King, Jr., surrendered more than 75,000 starving and disease-ridden American soldiers, sailors, and Marines and their Filipino allies, to overwhelming Japanese forces.

He inquired of the Japanese colonel to whom he tendered his pistol whether the Americans and Filipinos would be well treated.

The Japanese aide-de-camp indignantly replied: “We are not barbarians.”

The next 14 days would prove otherwise.

T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

August, 1942

The men were marched 65 miles into Japanese Prisoner-of-War camps.

(See “A Voice from the Past,” text p. 828)

The 75,000 prisoners of war were bound, beaten, or killed by their Japanese captors. Some were bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion. Some were forced to dig their own graves and were buried alive.

Only 56,000 prisoners reached camp alive. Thousands of them later died from malnutrition and disease.

In August, 1945, the Russian Army liberated the prison camp.

. . . Bataan Death March

T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

bayonette Richard Gordon: I didn't come down with a

surrender group. They caught me actually two days after the surrender took place. First thing I did was receive a good beating. And everything I had in my wallet, in my pockets was taken from me. And as I was marched down that road, where they captured me, I passed my battalion commander, Major James Ivy, and he had been tied to a tree and he was stripped to the waist and he was just covered with bayonet holes. He was dead obviously. And he had bled profusely. He had been bayonetted by many, many bayonets.And that's when I knew we had some troubles on our hands. We were in for deep trouble. And they brought us down into a staging area and put me in with the rest of the thousands that were assembled on the side of the road, and that's where I spent my first night.

* * *

Bataan Death March about 75,000 prisoners started, only 54,000 survived

The Allies Strike Back and Turn the Tide Doolittle’s Raid Battle of Coral Sea Battle of Midway

Doolittle’s Raid

April, 1942 – 16 B-25 bombers under command of Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle

bombed Tokyo & other Japanese cities

did little damage- but showed that Japan could be attacked

Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle

Original Doolittle Raid footage 1942

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjQd-6lB7-8

Doolittle’s Practice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uq3T28-1rfw (doesn’t work)

http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/pearlharbor.html

Battle of the Coral Sea

New kind of Naval warfare Airplanes taking off from aircraft carriers

attacked the ships Not a single shot fired from opposing ships Allies suffered more loses, but stopped

Japan’s advance

The Battle of Midway Allies aware Japanese were headed toward Midway Chester Nimitz – commander in chief of U.S. Pacific

Fleet Nimitz allowed Japanese to begin assault American planes swooped in to attack Japanese fleet -332 Japanese planes, 4 aircraft carriers, & 1 support

ship destroyed June 7, 1942 – battle was over turned the tide of war in the Pacific

Battle of Midway June, 1942

Chester Nimitz

Allies Go on the Offensive• Douglas MacArthur –

commander of Allied land forces in

Pacific war in Pacific involved vast

distances MacArthur developed plan

“island-hopping” bypass strongholds to strike

weak points Use air power to cut supply lines

and starve enemy troops “Hit ‘em where they aint, let

‘em die on the vine”General Douglas MacArthur

Battle of Guadalcanal Japan was building a huge air base on island U.S. Marines & Australian troops landed months of fighting on land & sea Japanese lost 24,000 of 36,000 soldiers Japanese called it “the Island of Death” Some called it “hell”

A voice from the past "Hell was furry red spiders as big as you fist, giant lizards as

long as your leg, leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the sour, foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity that rotted a body within hours.... hell was an enemy... so fanatic that it used its own dead as booby traps"-Ralph g. Martin, quoted in the GI War

Essential Questions

1. Why did President Franklin Roosevelt declare December 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy?”

2. What was General Douglas MacArthur’s “island-hopping” strategy?

DON’T FORGET!! Holocaust assignment due next time!

Assignment: Holocaust research:

Find a story about a Holocaust victim or survivor and prepare to share it with the class.

You will need to include your resources(s).

You can print it out, or write it in legible writing.

Due next class period!!Will not accept this late!

Doolittle’s Raid http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB91oxi9fcs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyvEiTjTWRA

Making of movie, launching planes from aircraft carriers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26hsb5f7njE