Chapter 3.1 Pop Quiz!!Chapter 3.1 Pop Quiz!!

1.1. From where did the Indo Europeans From where did the Indo Europeans come?come?

A.A. Steppes Steppes

B.B. EuropeEurope

C.C. Indus River ValleyIndus River Valley

2. Name one of the technological achievements 2. Name one of the technological achievements of the Hittites.of the Hittites.

3. What is the Aryan Caste System? 3. What is the Aryan Caste System?

4. Define migration.4. Define migration.

5. Tell one thing you learned from reading 5. Tell one thing you learned from reading chapter 3.1. chapter 3.1.

Warm-UpWarm-Up

B- sit down and answer the question on the B- sit down and answer the question on the board. board.

K- sit down and answer the question on the K- sit down and answer the question on the boardboard

V- Sit down, do NOT talk, and answer the V- Sit down, do NOT talk, and answer the question on the boardquestion on the board

U- pick up at least 3 pieces of trash and then sit U- pick up at least 3 pieces of trash and then sit in the back of the room and answer the in the back of the room and answer the question on the board. Do NOT talk!question on the board. Do NOT talk!

Chapter Three:Chapter Three:People and Ideas on the People and Ideas on the

MoveMove

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

1. Why did ancient ppl migrate from their 1. Why did ancient ppl migrate from their lands and how did they interact with lands and how did they interact with cultures in new lands? cultures in new lands?

2. Compare the development and beliefs of 2. Compare the development and beliefs of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism.

Section One: The Indo-EuropeansSection One: The Indo-Europeans

I. Indo-Europeans MigrateI. Indo-Europeans Migrate Indo-Europeans- nomadic, pastoral Indo-Europeans- nomadic, pastoral

ppl, tamed horses, rode chariots.ppl, tamed horses, rode chariots. Came from the steppes- dry Came from the steppes- dry

grasslands that stretched north of the grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus mountains Caucasus mountains

Caucasus mountains are b/w the Caucasus mountains are b/w the Black and Caspian Sea Black and Caspian Sea

A. The Indo-European FamilyA. The Indo-European Family Language ancestral to many modern Language ancestral to many modern

languages of Europe and Asia.languages of Europe and Asia. English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi

trace origins to original Indo-European trace origins to original Indo-European language language

B. Aryans Transform IndiaB. Aryans Transform India An Indo-European group called the Aryans An Indo-European group called the Aryans

crossed into the Indus River Valleycrossed into the Indus River Valley All that is known comes from their sacred All that is known comes from their sacred

literature called the literature called the VedasVedas, which described , which described Aryan life.Aryan life.

Vedas are a collection of 4 books containing Vedas are a collection of 4 books containing prayers, magical spells & instructions for prayers, magical spells & instructions for performing rituals.performing rituals.

Rig VedaRig Veda is a book from this collection that is a book from this collection that contains over a thousand hymns. contains over a thousand hymns.

Early forms of the Veda were passed down Early forms of the Veda were passed down through stories.through stories.

The Indus River ValleyThe Indus River Valley

C. A Caste System DevelopsC. A Caste System Develops Aryans physically distinct from ppl of Aryans physically distinct from ppl of

India- taller and lighter skinnedIndia- taller and lighter skinned Called Indian ppl Called Indian ppl dasasdasas - “dark” - “dark” a pastoral ppl, herders and counted their a pastoral ppl, herders and counted their

wealth in cowswealth in cows First arrived broken up into 3 social First arrived broken up into 3 social

classes: classes:

1. 1. BrahminsBrahmins

2. 2. Kshatriyas Kshatriyas - Warriors- Warriors

3. 3. Vaishyas Vaishyas - Peasants or traders- Peasants or traders

Caste System Continued Caste System Continued

Non-Aryan laborers or crafts ppl formed a Non-Aryan laborers or crafts ppl formed a group called group called sudrassudras

As Aryans began to interact w/ non-Aryans As Aryans began to interact w/ non-Aryans more they would make the non-Aryans do more they would make the non-Aryans do the work they didn’t want to do. the work they didn’t want to do.

Skin color was a distinguishing feature of Skin color was a distinguishing feature of this systemthis system

Ppl were born into this caste system for lifePpl were born into this caste system for life

Chapter 3.1 AssignmentChapter 3.1 Assignment

To be done in your JournalTo be done in your Journal

Write a thesis statement for the following Write a thesis statement for the following question: How would the caste system question: How would the caste system affect a society? affect a society?

Note- a thesis statement should be no Note- a thesis statement should be no longer than 1-2 sentences and it should longer than 1-2 sentences and it should take a position/make an argument. take a position/make an argument.

Assignment:Assignment:

Write a few sentences on each of the Write a few sentences on each of the following questions:following questions:

1.1. How did our “caste system” in class make you How did our “caste system” in class make you feel? feel?

2.2. How did it change your interactions with the How did it change your interactions with the other students? other students?

3.3. How do you think the caste system would How do you think the caste system would affect a society? affect a society?

Section Two: Hinduism and Section Two: Hinduism and BuddhismBuddhism

I. Hinduism Evolves Over CenturiesI. Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries a collection of religious beliefs that a collection of religious beliefs that

developed slowly over time.developed slowly over time. Unlike the other major religions Hinduism Unlike the other major religions Hinduism

cannot be traced back to one founder with cannot be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas.a single set of ideas.

Hinduism Hinduism

A. Origins and BeliefsA. Origins and Beliefs Sometime b/w 750- 550 BC Hindu Sometime b/w 750- 550 BC Hindu

teachers tried to interpret Vedic hymnsteachers tried to interpret Vedic hymns interpretations written down, called the interpretations written down, called the

UpanishadsUpanishads—written as dialogues b/w —written as dialogues b/w priest/pupilpriest/pupil

discussions talk about discussions talk about mokshamoksha—— a state a state of perfect understanding of all thingsof perfect understanding of all things

How do I get to Moksha?How do I get to Moksha?- In order to reach - In order to reach mokshamoksha a person must a person must

understand relationship b/w understand relationship b/w atmanatman & & BrahmanBrahman Atman— individual soul of a living being Atman— individual soul of a living being

(each person’s soul)(each person’s soul) Brahman— world’s soul that contains and Brahman— world’s soul that contains and

unites all atmans unites all atmans MokshaMoksha usually not achieved in one usually not achieved in one

lifetimelifetime

Reincarnation Reincarnation

process of process of reincarnationreincarnation used until used until mokshamoksha is achievedis achieved Reincarnation— individual’s soul or spirit is Reincarnation— individual’s soul or spirit is

born again and againborn again and again soul’s soul’s karmakarma (good or bad deeds) follows (good or bad deeds) follows

from one reincarnation to anotherfrom one reincarnation to another Karma influences your caste system, state Karma influences your caste system, state

of health, wealth or poverty…of health, wealth or poverty…

B. Hinduism Changes and DevelopsB. Hinduism Changes and Develops Brahman seen as having personalities Brahman seen as having personalities

of three gods:of three gods:

1. Brahma—the creator1. Brahma—the creator

2. Vishnu—the protector2. Vishnu—the protector

3. Shiva—the destroyer3. Shiva—the destroyer

C. Hinduism Today C. Hinduism Today

Hindus today free to worship any of the Hindus today free to worship any of the 3 gods they choose3 gods they choose

also free to pick any of 3 paths to reach also free to pick any of 3 paths to reach mokshamoksha::

1. Path of right thinking1. Path of right thinking

2. Path of right action2. Path of right action

3. Path of religious devotion3. Path of religious devotion

Hindu GodsHindu Gods

D. Hinduism and SocietyD. Hinduism and Society Hinduism strengthens the caste systemHinduism strengthens the caste system

born high in the system= they are being born high in the system= they are being rewarded for karma in previous life.rewarded for karma in previous life.

born low in the system= being punished for born low in the system= being punished for karma in previous life.karma in previous life.

II. New Religions AriseII. New Religions Arise

Two other religions have formed from Two other religions have formed from Hinduism: Jainism and BuddhismHinduism: Jainism and Buddhism Jainism founded by MahavriaJainism founded by Mahavria Belief that everything has a soul and Belief that everything has a soul and

should not be harmed.should not be harmed.

Buddhism Buddhism

A. The Buddha Seeks EnlightenmentA. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Siddhartha Gautama, founder of BuddhismBuddhism born to noble family, raised in isolation - born to noble family, raised in isolation -

wanted to learn about the worldwanted to learn about the world grows up seeks enlightenment, how to grows up seeks enlightenment, how to

escape human sufferingescape human suffering Tries many different methods - finally Tries many different methods - finally

reaches it through meditationreaches it through meditation After reaching enlightenment known as the After reaching enlightenment known as the

Buddha “the enlightened one”Buddha “the enlightened one”

The BuddhaThe Buddha

B. Origins and BeliefsB. Origins and Beliefs Buddhism based on the Four Noble Truths:Buddhism based on the Four Noble Truths:

1. First Noble Truth—Life is filled w/ 1. First Noble Truth—Life is filled w/ suffering and sorrow.suffering and sorrow.

2. Second Noble Truth—cause of all 2. Second Noble Truth—cause of all suffering is ppl’s selfish desire for suffering is ppl’s selfish desire for temporary pleasures of this world.temporary pleasures of this world.

3. Third Noble Truth—way to end all 3. Third Noble Truth—way to end all suffering is to end all desires.suffering is to end all desires.

4. Fourth Noble Truth—way to overcome 4. Fourth Noble Truth—way to overcome desires and attain enlightenment is to desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the follow the “Middle Way”“Middle Way” b/w desires b/w desires and self-denial. and self-denial.

What is the “Middle Way?”What is the “Middle Way?”

an Eightfold Path—right views, right resolve, an Eightfold Path—right views, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. concentration. By following this path anyone could reach By following this path anyone could reach

nirvana—nirvana—the Buddha’s concept of being the Buddha’s concept of being released from selfishness and pain- a released from selfishness and pain- a perfect state of beingperfect state of being

C. Buddhism and SocietyC. Buddhism and Society Due Buddha’s rejection of the caste Due Buddha’s rejection of the caste

system many early followers were system many early followers were laborers and craftspeople.laborers and craftspeople.

Monks and nuns vow to live a life of Monks and nuns vow to live a life of poverty, nonviolence, and not marry.poverty, nonviolence, and not marry.

Monks and nuns are also responsible Monks and nuns are also responsible for spreading Buddha’s teachings.for spreading Buddha’s teachings.

JatakasJatakas -Buddhist sacred writings. -Buddhist sacred writings. Trade also helped spread BuddhismTrade also helped spread Buddhism

Buddhist Monk-Buddhist Monk- Thích Quảng Đức Thích Quảng Đức

Thích Quảng ĐứcThích Quảng Đức was a Vietnamese was a Vietnamese Buddhist Monk who burned himself to Buddhist Monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963.intersection on 11 June 1963. Quang Duc was protesting the Quang Duc was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government.Vietnamese government.

Photographs of his self-immolation Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the world and brought attention to the policies of the government.policies of the government.

President John F. Kennedy said in President John F. Kennedy said in reference to a photograph, "No news reference to a photograph, "No news picture in history has generated so picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that much emotion around the world as that one.one.

AssignmentAssignment

With a partner discuss what each “right” With a partner discuss what each “right” might mean to a Buddhist and using might mean to a Buddhist and using technology, find an example of the technology, find an example of the principle in modern society. Then write a principle in modern society. Then write a phrase that defines what you’ve discussedphrase that defines what you’ve discussed

Right views, Right resolve, right speech, Right views, Right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. right mindfulness, and right concentration.

The Eight Fold PathThe Eight Fold Path

Section Three: Seafaring Section Three: Seafaring TradersTraders

I. Minoans Trade in the MediterraneanI. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean Lived on CreteLived on Crete Minoans dominated trade along eastern Minoans dominated trade along eastern

Mediterranean from 2000- 1400 BC. Mediterranean from 2000- 1400 BC. traded pottery, swords, figurines, and traded pottery, swords, figurines, and

vessels of precious metals.vessels of precious metals. Influence others through trade esp. GreeksInfluence others through trade esp. Greeks

A. Unearthing a Brilliant CivilizationA. Unearthing a Brilliant Civilization Excavations of Excavations of KnossosKnossos, capital city of , capital city of

Minoan civilization, revealed many things:Minoan civilization, revealed many things:

Minoans were peaceful, athletic, lovers Minoans were peaceful, athletic, lovers of nature and beautyof nature and beauty

Women had major role, esp. in religionWomen had major role, esp. in religion

Sacrificed animals, sometimes ppl to Sacrificed animals, sometimes ppl to godsgods

Archaeologists name civilization Minoa Archaeologists name civilization Minoa after King Minos—legendary king whoafter King Minos—legendary king who

owned a minotaurowned a minotaur

Minoan Bull LeapingMinoan Bull Leaping

Knossos

B. Minoan Culture’s Mysterious EndB. Minoan Culture’s Mysterious End 1470 BC- major earthquakes and 1470 BC- major earthquakes and

volcanic eruption do major damage.volcanic eruption do major damage. Minoans were not able to recover and Minoans were not able to recover and

invaders from Greece take Minoan invaders from Greece take Minoan lands.lands.

C. C. PhoeniciansPhoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization Spread Trade and Civilization Became the most powerful traders after the Became the most powerful traders after the

decline of the Minoans.decline of the Minoans. Located in present day Lebanon.Located in present day Lebanon. Skilled shipbuilders, believed to have traded Skilled shipbuilders, believed to have traded

with ppl from Britain and may have sailed with ppl from Britain and may have sailed around Africaaround Africa

D. Commercial Outposts Around the D. Commercial Outposts Around the MediterraneanMediterranean Most important city states were Sidon and Most important city states were Sidon and

Tyre- both known for their production of Tyre- both known for their production of red-purple dye from a snail and Byblos a red-purple dye from a snail and Byblos a trading center or papyrus.trading center or papyrus.

Greatest city state was Greatest city state was Carthage.Carthage.

D. Phoenicia’s Great Legacy: The AlphabetD. Phoenicia’s Great Legacy: The Alphabet Invented alphabet to keep records of Invented alphabet to keep records of

trading transactions.trading transactions. The system was phonetic—that is, one The system was phonetic—that is, one

sign was used for one sound.sign was used for one sound. The word alphabet comes from the first The word alphabet comes from the first

two letters of the Phoenician alphabet: two letters of the Phoenician alphabet: aleph aleph and and beth beth

The system was introduced to people they The system was introduced to people they traded with. Greeks adapted the system traded with. Greeks adapted the system and adjusted some of the letters. and adjusted some of the letters.

The Phoenician Alphabet The Phoenician Alphabet

Section Four: The Origins of Section Four: The Origins of Judaism Judaism

I. The Search for a Promised LandI. The Search for a Promised Land PalestinePalestine, region on eastern shores of , region on eastern shores of

Mediterranean.Mediterranean. Hebrew ppl settled in Canaan, land Hebrew ppl settled in Canaan, land

promised to them by God.promised to them by God.

A. From Ur to EgyptA. From Ur to Egypt TorahTorah, first 5 books of Hebrew Bible, and , first 5 books of Hebrew Bible, and

most sacred writings, tells early history of most sacred writings, tells early history of HebrewsHebrews

In Torah, God chose Abraham, a shepherd In Torah, God chose Abraham, a shepherd who lived in Ur, to be father of Hebrew pplwho lived in Ur, to be father of Hebrew ppl

Abraham moves family, herds from Ur to Abraham moves family, herds from Ur to Canaan around 1800 BCCanaan around 1800 BC

Around 1650 BC Abraham’s descendants Around 1650 BC Abraham’s descendants move to Egyptmove to Egypt

B. The God of AbrahamB. The God of Abraham Hebrews are Hebrews are monotheistsmonotheists, believing in , believing in

one God only –one God only –YahwehYahweh Yahweh is all powerful, not a physical Yahweh is all powerful, not a physical

beingbeing A mutual promise, A mutual promise, covenantcovenant, is made b/w , is made b/w

God and Abraham.God and Abraham. Abraham promises to obey God, Yahweh Abraham promises to obey God, Yahweh

promises protection.promises protection.

C. “Let My People Go”C. “Let My People Go” Hebrews forced to migrate to Egypt b/c of Hebrews forced to migrate to Egypt b/c of

a droughta drought At first Hebrews are honored in Egyptian At first Hebrews are honored in Egyptian

kingdom, later become slaveskingdom, later become slaves Hebrews flee Egypt b/w 1300- 1200 BC, Hebrews flee Egypt b/w 1300- 1200 BC,

this event is called “the this event is called “the ExodusExodus”” MosesMoses led the Hebrews from Egypt led the Hebrews from Egypt As the Hebrews were leaving Egypt Moses As the Hebrews were leaving Egypt Moses

climbed Mt. Sinai to pray and returned w/ climbed Mt. Sinai to pray and returned w/ the the 10 Commandments10 Commandments..

The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments

1.1. Are there laws today that apply to these ideas in the 10 Are there laws today that apply to these ideas in the 10 commandments?commandments?

2.2. Do the first 4 commandments apply to the Hebrews relationship with Do the first 4 commandments apply to the Hebrews relationship with god or one anothergod or one another

3. 3. What do the last 6 commandments have in What do the last 6 commandments have in common that distinguishes them from the first 4?common that distinguishes them from the first 4?

II. The Land and People of the BibleII. The Land and People of the Bible Torah tells of Hebrews wandering in the Torah tells of Hebrews wandering in the

Sinai Desert for 40 yearsSinai Desert for 40 years They arrive back in Canaan, form 12 They arrive back in Canaan, form 12

tribestribes Change from nomads to herders, Change from nomads to herders,

farmers, and city dwellersfarmers, and city dwellers

A. Hebrew LawA. Hebrew Law

- Women and men have separate roles, - Women and men have separate roles, responsibilitiesresponsibilities

- Law includes strict justice softened by - Law includes strict justice softened by mercymercy

- Prophets arise later to interpret the law- Prophets arise later to interpret the law

- They teach ppl to live moral lives- They teach ppl to live moral lives

B. The Kingdom of IsraelB. The Kingdom of Israel Canaan is land that Hebrews believe God Canaan is land that Hebrews believe God

promised thempromised them Canaan land is harsh (desert, rocky Canaan land is harsh (desert, rocky

wilderness, grassy hills, water scarce) wilderness, grassy hills, water scarce) Hebrews expand south and north. Hebrews expand south and north.

C. Saul and David Establish a KingdomC. Saul and David Establish a Kingdom Hebrews threatened by Philistines in Hebrews threatened by Philistines in

northnorth Only one tribe remains, Judah, Hebrew Only one tribe remains, Judah, Hebrew

ppl called ppl called Jews Jews religion called religion called JudaismJudaism From 1020 to 922 BC Hebrews unite From 1020 to 922 BC Hebrews unite

under one king, under one king, King David-King David- new new kingdom called kingdom called IsraelIsrael

King David estb King David estb JerusalemJerusalem as capital as capital

III. Solomon Builds the KingdomIII. Solomon Builds the Kingdom

- - David’s son, Solomon, becomes king, makes David’s son, Solomon, becomes king, makes Israel a trading empire with the help of the Israel a trading empire with the help of the Phoenicians Phoenicians

-- He builds a magnificent temple and royal He builds a magnificent temple and royal palace in Jerusalempalace in Jerusalem..

A. The Kingdom DividesA. The Kingdom Divides High taxes and forced labor lead Jews High taxes and forced labor lead Jews

in north to revolt.in north to revolt. By 922 BC the kingdom divides in two—By 922 BC the kingdom divides in two—

Israel in north and Judah in south.Israel in north and Judah in south. 200 years of conflict between the 2 200 years of conflict between the 2

kingdoms follows kingdoms follows

B. The Babylonian CaptivityB. The Babylonian Captivity 722 BC-722 BC- Assyrians attacked, conquered Assyrians attacked, conquered

the northern kingdom of Israelthe northern kingdom of Israel 586 BC-586 BC- Babylonian Empire conquered Babylonian Empire conquered

both Assyrian held Israel and Judah- both Assyrian held Israel and Judah- Hebrew ppl were exiled to Babylon to be Hebrew ppl were exiled to Babylon to be slaves slaves

539 BC-539 BC- Persia defeated Babylon, allowed Persia defeated Babylon, allowed 40,000 Hebrews to return to Jerusalem to 40,000 Hebrews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple and city rebuild the temple and city

In the years to come Jerusalem would fall In the years to come Jerusalem would fall to many other empires to many other empires

Hinduism Buddhism Judaism

Founder/people

God/gods

Sacred Writings

Goal for life

Basic beliefs- how to reach the goal

#floodproblems#floodproblems

On page 83 in your On page 83 in your textbook, read the three textbook, read the three different stories about a different stories about a flood from different faiths.flood from different faiths.

Answer the questions as Answer the questions as a group.a group.

Add one different Twitter-Add one different Twitter-style tweet on each story style tweet on each story that is no more than 140 that is no more than 140 characters long and characters long and includes a hashtag.includes a hashtag.