chapter 3.1 mixtures their uses. mechanical mixtures has more than one type of particle you can...
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CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES
Their Uses
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Mechanical Mixtures
Has more than one type of particle You can see the different substances in
mechanical mixtures. Ex. Concrete Other examples?
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Solutions
When two or more substances combine to form a mixture that is uniform (looks the same throughout)
Appears to contain only one kind of particle.
Examples: Shampoo and syrup. Other examples?
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Parts of Solutions
Solute- is the substance that dissolves
Solvent- is the substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solute and solvent combine to form a solution.
There is usually less solute than solvent in a solution.
Iced tea - Crystals (solute or solvent?)- Water (solute or solvent?)
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Concentration
Describes the amount of solute in a solution (what is solute again??)
seen on the label of many products Shown in many ways:
g/L most common which means mass of solute in 1L of the solution
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Solubility
Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent to make a solution
Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in a solvent.
Insoluble: when a substance will NOT dissolve in a solvent
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Miscible vs. Immiscible
Miscible: is capable of being mixed. Ex. Milk and water.
Immiscible: incapable of being mixed. Ex. Fuel (gasoline) and water are
immiscible Ex. Water and oil
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Mixtures and Solutions
Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances are made up of elements and compounds
Mixtures are made up of mechanical mixtures and solutions.
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Matter
Pure Substance
Mixture
element
compound
mechanical
mixture
solution
Organization of Matter Flowchart
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Review: To remember solute vs. solvent
Solute- the substance that dissolves Usually less of
Solvent- the substance that does the dissolves Usually more of
Another Hint: “u” in solute comes before “v” in solvent so your going to put solute in the solvent. Solvent dissolves the solute.
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Other Trick… use if you want Remembering Solute vs. Solvent:
Solute (6 letters long) Solvent (7 letters long) The solute is shorter/smaller/less of, if there
is less of it, it will dissolve
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Purifying Water Water treatment plants
One method; add alum to impure water, bacteria and dirt stick to alum and sink. Therefore easily separated.
Another step uses a charcoal filter to remove dissolved impurities
Lastly adding chlorine, kills any of the bacteria that are still present.
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They are now using UV light to kill bacteria
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Distillation
Distillation is a way to get clean water. Process in which water is boiled and the steam is collected and it condenses to form pure water.
Solar water distiller
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Separating Mixtures
4 Main ways to separate mixtures: Straining (separation by size)
ie. Using filter paper Using a magnet (separates iron parts) Evaporation (sugar and water) Dissolving (sugar and sand)
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Practice
Page 44 #’s 1-3