Chapter 3 1

Chapter 3

Information Technology For Management 6th EditionTurban, Leidner, McLean, Wetherbe

Lecture Slides by L. Beaubien, Providence College

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Data Management: Data, Databases and Warehousing

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Data Management

Difficulties with managing dataSolutions to managing data

Describe DBMS Describe Data Warehousing and Analytical Processing

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The Traditional Approach To Data Management

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Databases

A database is an organized logical grouping of related files.

Centralized databases - all the related files are located in one physical location

Distributed database Replicated database Partitioned database

Considerations Failure Access speed Maintaining consistency Security

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The Database Approach to Data Management- Database Management Systems (DBMS)

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Advantages of DBMS

Query ability (two types)ConcurrencyBackup and replicationRule enforcementSecurityComputation

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DBMS (cont’d)

DBMS provides the ability for many users to share and process data by providing twoviews of the database Physical view Logical view

DBMS Languages DDL DML

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Data Life Cycle Process

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Transactional vs. Analytical Data Processing

Transactional processing takes place in operational systems (TPS) that provide the organization with the capability to perform business transactions and produce transaction reports. The data are organized mainly in a hierarchical structure and are centrally processed. This is done primarily for fast and efficient processing of routine, repetitive data.

Supplementary activity to transaction processing is called analytical processing, which involves the analysis of accumulated data. Analytical processing, sometimes referred to as business intelligence, includes data mining, decision support systems (DSS), querying, and other analysis activities. These analyses place strategic information in the hands of decision makers to enhance productivity and make better decisions, leading to greater competitive advantage.

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Forms for Modeling Data (ERD)

Business Processes

Entities (for which data is collected)

Attributes (characteristics of an entity)

Relations

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Relational Models

Describe data using a standard tabular format with all data elements placed in two-dimensional tables.

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Hierarchy of Data

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The Hierarchy of Data

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Advantages of the Database Approach

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Data ModelingKey Considerations

Content – What data should be collected, and at what cost?

Access – What data should be provided to which users and when?

Logical structure – How should data be arranged so it makes sense to a given user?

Physical organization – Where should data be physically located?

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Data Warehouse

DW is a repository of data that are organized to be readily acceptable for analytical processing activities (DSS, querying, data mining)

Organization Standardization of data Relational Delivery of DWH content to users on the intranet and

extranet (online banking) Not all data are necessarily transferred to data

warehouse Three tier vs two tier architecture

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The Data Warehouse & Data Management

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Web-based Data Management Systems – content and information

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Data warehousing is most appropriate when Large amounts of data to be accessed The operational data is stored i different

systems Large number of users (AT&T) Extensive end-user computing

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Datamarts

The high cost o DWH confines their use to large companies

A datamart is a small warehouse designed for a department

Two types Dependent Standalone