Chapter 30

AFTER THE FALL: THE WESTERN WORLD

IN A GLOBAL AGE (SINCE 1985)

Toward a New Western OrderRevolutionary Era in the Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev • Perestroika• Glasnost

End of the Soviet Union• Boris Yeltsin• Commonwealth of Independent States

New Russia• Putin Era

Vladimir Putin

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The New Europe

Eastern Europe: The Revolutions of 1989and the Collapse of the Communist Order

The Fall Poland

• LechWalesaHungaryCzechoslovakia

• Gustav Husa´k• Vaclav Havel• Nicolae Ceaus¸escu

After the FallNATO

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Chechnya

Reunification of Germany

GermanyErich Honecker

‘‘The wall must go!’’

East Germany free elections March 18, 1990

Political reunification October 3, 1990

The Berlin Wall 1961 -1989

Disintegration of YugoslaviaSlovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia

Slobodan Milosevic

War in Bosnia‘‘Ethnic cleansing’

Massacre at Srebrenica

War in Kosovo Kosovo Liberation Army

Vojislav Kostunica

NATO troops

Western Europe and the Search for Unity

Germany RestoredHelmut Kohl

Christian Democrats

Stasi Files

Gerhard Schroeder

Post-Thatcher BritainLabour Party

John Major

Tony Blair

Gordon Brown

Western Europe and the Search for Unity (cont)

FranceJacques Chirac

• 2005 Muslim riots

A Move to the RightNicolas Sarkozy

ItalyCorruption in Italy

• Silvio Berlusconi

• Romano Prodi

Unification of Europe

European CommunitySingle Europe Act

Treaty on European Union

European Union• Competition on the world market

• Military force

• Problems of national identity

• By 2007, EU to 455 million people

The United States: Move to the Center

George H. W. BushBill Clinton

Period of economic revival 2nd term impeachment

George W. BushWar in IraqBush tax cuts

CanadaBrian Mulroney (b. 1939), elected in 1984Quebec

• René Lévesque• Parti Québécois

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Quebec

End of the Cold War

Mikhail GorbachevINF Treaty

Overthrow of Communist regimes

Gulf War Iraq forces in Kuwait

‘‘New World Order’’

An Age of Terrorism

Munich Olympic Games

Terrorist OrganizationsRed Army Faction

Red Brigades

Charles Martel Club

IRA

Palestinian terrorists• Pan American flight 103

Terrorist Attack on the United States

September 11, 2001al-Qaeda

Osama bin Laden• U.S.S. Cole

Afghan and U.S. special forces ousted The Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001

New multiethnic government faced problems from renewed Taliban activity

War in IraqIn 2003, largely American-led forces invaded Iraq

Iraqi army was quickly defeatedAllied forces sought to restore stability to the country

• Setting forth plans to lay the foundations of a future democratic society

Saddam Hussein captured, tried and executedBy 2006, violence had increased dramatically and Iraq

In 2007, President Bush increased the number of U.S. troops

• The Surge• Troops loss decreased significantly

The West and Islam

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

The Shah of IranAyatollah Khomeini

U.S. forces in the Middle East considered an affront to Islam by anti-Western Islamic groups

New Directions in Western Society

Transformation in Women’s LivesBirthrates down

Woman in workforce on the rise

The Women’s Movement

Involvement in Environmental movement

International conferences

ImmigrationGuest workers

Islam is growing in Europe and the United States

Art and Music in the 1980s and 1990sVisual Arts

Kiefer

Basquiat

Andres Serrano and Robert Mapplethorpe• National Endowment for the Arts

MusicGrunge, Rap and Hip Hop

Digital Worldwide Web

Cellular phones

Art and Music• Bill Viola

• Matthew Barney

Toward a Global Civilization

GlobalizationGlobal Economy

• World Bank

Transnational corporations

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

World Trade Organization

Toward a Global Civilization (cont)

Environmental issues

Global warming

Greenhouse gases

Social Challenges

Migration and developed and developing nations

Global Movements‘‘Think globally, act locally’’

Nongovernmental organizations

Discussion Questions

1. What was the impact of Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms on the Soviet Union? Was he its savior or its destroyer?

2. What were the chief obstacles in the reunification of Germany? How were these obstacles resolved?

3. How has terrorism changed over the last two decades? What forces brought about these changes?

4. Examine the debate over global warming. Defend and refute each side of the debate.

Weblinks

Mikhail Gorbachev

Vladimir Putin

Gustav Husak NATO

Berlin Wall

Slobodan Milosevic

Nicolas Sarkozy

George W. Bush