Chapter 30

The Making of Industrial Society

What are we learning?• 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution• Factors that led to industrialization (9 of

them)• Machines of industrialization• Labor of industrialization• Methods of industrialization• Mitigating the effects of industrialization

What’s the difference?1st Industrial revolution

• 1712 - 1830

• Textiles & steam

• Learning the patent lesson

• Iron & Coal

• Both sides of the atlantic after America steals some technology

2nd Industrial Revolution

• 1875 - 1905

• Electric & Chemicals

• Communications• Telephone• Wireless

• Steel

• Flight

Factors Leading to the rise of industrial

production

Europe’s Location on the

Atlantic• What centers of trade/trade

patterns could be responsible for the locations that became industrialized by the 1850’s?

• How does proximity to shipping factor into industrialization?• Explain the correlation between

shipping and industrialization.

Geographical distribution of

coal, iron, timber

Coal Mining in Great Britain 1800-191

European demographic changes

•Read your assigned text and prepare to explain to the class the following about your subject:• What was your issue like pre-Industrial

Revolution?• What happened during the Industrial

Revolution to change that?• What was your issue like post Industrial

Revolution?• How did the changes or continuities in your

issue change society as a whole?

urbanization

Improved agricultural productivity

Here we go again! New World foods

• What foods are responsible for this amazing change in productivity?

• What technological innovations in the middle ages prepared the “soil” for this growth?

• What technological advances in the IR continued the revolution in productivity?

Legal protection of private property

• Patent Laws• Laws protecting the

accumulation of wealth• Laws favoring mercantilist

practices

Abundance of rivers and

canals• 1 canal barge = 100 mules • Grand Trunk Canal

Access to foreign resources

Accumulation of capital

• Think Downtown Abbey• Industry was a much faster

way to accumulate wealth than land or agriculture

Checking for understanding

• On a separate piece of paper list the nine factors that led to industrialization in Europe and N. America.

• Under each factor give one evidence of the factor. (SEE EXAMPLE BELOW)• FACTOR: LOCATION• EVIDENCE: The port of Liverpool is directly on

the Atlantic ocean and made for easy transport of raw materials from around the world for production.

You will turn this in at the end of the lesson – make sure your name is on it!

Engines of changeThe Development of Machines

Flying shuttle• John Kay – 1733

• Accelerated the weaving process

Spinning Jenny• 1760 – spun thread

from wool or cotton

Mule• Samuel Crompton –

Made the spinning Jenny more efficient.

• By 1812 one spinner could produce as much yarn as 200 could prior to this invention when coupled with a Jenny.

Water Frame• Richard Arkwright

• Drove two pairs of rollers moving at different speeds. First installed in a single building which had 300 employees.

• Horse power replaced by Watt’s steam engine in 1777.

• Cotton manufacturing increased 130 times between 1770-1841.

Cotton Gin• Cotton replaced wool,

comfortable, cheap, popular.• (US or India)

• Eli Whitney’s gin mechanically removed seeds from cotton• Increased demand for

cotton meant an increased demand for slaves 3 million + were brought to the US

Steam engine• James Watts

• Patented in 1769

• Worked with Matthew Boulton ($)

The power loom• Steam powered

• Edmund Cartwright

• Invented in 1785

Steam Tractor• 1868

• Used for pulling loads from coal mines in Europe

• Used for agriculture in USA

• 1st gasoline powered John Froelich- Iowa

Steam ship• John Fitch 1787 – first

patent

• Robert Fulton• 1807 Clermont

• First commercially viable steamship

Steam locomotive• 1814 “Blucher”

• George Stephenson• Great Britain• He then proceeded to

build the first railways to go with his new locomotive

• Not the first to begin! Very competitive business!

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING #2

•Describe how competition and capitalism contributed to the productivity and sophistication of machines during the Industrial Revolution.

DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL

• FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS are expanded• Stock markets• Insurance• Gold standard• Limited Liability

Corporations

Fossil Fuels• The internal combustion

engine (1858 Jean Joseph Lenoir – France) made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels• This makes fossil fuels

valuable commodities• Who has them?• Who is going to want

them?• What possible outcomes

can you extrapolate?

Labor of ChangeThe Development of The Factory System

Labor moves to the city• Urbanization

• Factory towns

• Factory housing

• Population concentration

Methods of changeThe Development of Industrial Methods

New methods • Interchangeable parts

• Centralization of production

• Large scale production methods

• Specialization of labor skills

More production requires…

• More raw materials, new markets, and more goods to sell in those markets.

• What major process is this going to lead to?

• More to come in chapter 33, stay tuned!

Rapid development• The decline of

economically productive, agriculturally based economies.• Why? What would

cause agricultural economies to decline

• If agriculture is declining, how is population continuing to increase?

• What effect will industrialization have on agriculturally based economies?

Mitigating the effects of Industrial capitalims

The reform movements

luddites• Protesting working

conditions• Limit hours• Higher wages• Opposing capitalist

exploitation

New Utopian ideasSocialism

• Utopian communities

• Created for the good of the workers – not for the accumulation of wealth

• Love, not coercion

• New Lanark (Robert Owen)• Kids go to school not

work

Marxism• Communist Manifesto

• Abolition of private property

• Radically egalitarian society

• Dictatorship of the proletariat

Social Reformers• Government reforms

(England)• 1832 – voting rights• Prohibitions about

underground work• Regulation of child labor

• Government reforms (Germany)• Otto von Bismark

1880’s• Medical insurance,

unemployment, retirement

• Trade Unions

Checking for Understanding #3

•How did the ideas of socialism, communism, labor unions, and reformers contribute to the lives of the average laborer during the Industrial Revolution?

Did you get it?• 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution• Factors that led to industrialization (9 of

them)• Machines of industrialization• Labor of industrialization• Methods of industrialization• Mitigating the effects of industrialization