chapter 3 warm-up #1 states of matter 1.) which state of matter has the highest amount of energy...

Chapter 3 Warm-up #1Chapter 3 Warm-up #1States Of MatterStates Of Matter

1.) Which state of matter 1.) Which state of matter has the highest amount of has the highest amount of energy associated with it?energy associated with it?

2.) Which state of matter 2.) Which state of matter has no definite shape but has no definite shape but has a definite volume?has a definite volume?

Chapter 3 Warm-up #2Chapter 3 Warm-up #2States Of MatterStates Of Matter

1.) Name the three most 1.) Name the three most used Temperature scales.used Temperature scales.

2.) List three things about a 2.) List three things about a liquid.liquid.

1.) Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales

2.) Definite volume, no definite shape

Molecules freely move with weak attraction between them

Moderate amount of energy compared to the solid or gas form.

Chapter 3Chapter 3States Of MatterStates Of Matter

Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales To understand the phases of To understand the phases of

matter you must understand matter you must understand the motion of the moleculesthe motion of the molecules

Two types of motionTwo types of motion Vibration and straight line motionVibration and straight line motion

The motion of Molecules or Atoms The motion of Molecules or Atoms is determined by the amount of is determined by the amount of heat availableheat available

Temperature is a measure of heatTemperature is a measure of heat


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales What is heat What is heat

and how is it and how is it measured?measured?


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales All materials require different All materials require different

amounts of heat (energy) to change amounts of heat (energy) to change state.state.

Energy of Iron Video linkEnergy of Iron Video link


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales There is a lower There is a lower

limit to limit to temperaturetemperature

The lower limit is The lower limit is “absolute zero” “absolute zero” or -273 or -273 ooC for all C for all substancessubstances

Zero Kelvin or Zero Kelvin or -459.4-459.4ooFF


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales There is no upper limit to heat!There is no upper limit to heat!


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales

The first thermometer was developed The first thermometer was developed by whom? by whom?

GalileoGalileo


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales How do you make a How do you make a

temperature scale?temperature scale? What things do you need to think What things do you need to think

about before designing your about before designing your scale?scale?


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales How do you make a temperature How do you make a temperature

scale?scale? Type of liquid in the thermometer Type of liquid in the thermometer

and how it expandsand how it expands Types of substances to be measuredTypes of substances to be measured Diameter and length of tube usedDiameter and length of tube used Starting and ending points on the Starting and ending points on the

scalescale


Temperature ScalesTemperature ScalesThere are 3 Temperature There are 3 Temperature

ScalesScales1.) 1.) Kelvin ScaleKelvin Scale2.) 2.) Celsius ScaleCelsius Scale3.) 3.) Fahrenheit ScaleFahrenheit Scale


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales Fahrenheit Scale-developed Fahrenheit Scale-developed

by Fahrenheit to show the by Fahrenheit to show the accuracy of his equipmentaccuracy of his equipment


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales Celsius Scale-based on the Celsius Scale-based on the

temperature at which water freezes temperature at which water freezes and boils at standard pressure equal and boils at standard pressure equal to 1 atmosphereto 1 atmosphere


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales Kelvin Scale-starts at Kelvin Scale-starts at

absolute zeroabsolute zero


Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales Formulas for Temperature Scale Formulas for Temperature Scale

conversionsconversions ooF to F to ooCC

ooC=5/9(C=5/9(ooF-32)F-32) ooC to C to ooFF

ooF=9/5(F=9/5(ooC)+32C)+32 ooC to KC to K

K=K=ooC+273C+273


Differences between states of Differences between states of mattermatter SolidsSolids

– Definite shape and definite volumeDefinite shape and definite volume– Lowest amount of energy of the three Lowest amount of energy of the three

statesstates– Atoms/molecules can only vibrate in Atoms/molecules can only vibrate in

place and are fixed in positionplace and are fixed in position


Differences between states of matterDifferences between states of matter Liquids-Liquids-

– Definite volume but no definite shapeDefinite volume but no definite shape– Take the shape of their container with a surface on Take the shape of their container with a surface on

toptop– Have higher energy per molecule than solidsHave higher energy per molecule than solids– Atoms/molecules are free to move about but are Atoms/molecules are free to move about but are

closely packed together. They slip and slide past closely packed together. They slip and slide past one another.one another.

– Properties Properties Surface tension-results from an inward pull of Surface tension-results from an inward pull of

one molecule towards another along the one molecule towards another along the surfacesurface

Viscosity-a liquids resistance to flowViscosity-a liquids resistance to flow Glass is a very thick viscous liquidGlass is a very thick viscous liquid


Differences between Differences between states of matterstates of matter

GasesGases No definite shape or volumeNo definite shape or volume Take the shape of the Take the shape of the

containercontainer Highest amount of energyHighest amount of energy Most random arrangement Most random arrangement

of atoms/moleculesof atoms/molecules Atom/Molecules move Atom/Molecules move

independent of one another independent of one another

Phase Change Diagram (for water)Phase Change Diagram (for water)

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What is happening between each letter on the phase change diagram?


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From A To B?

Solid: the substance is frozen but warming up.


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What is happening between each letter on the phase change diagram?At B?

Still a solid. The substance reaches its melting point and just begins to melt.


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What is happening between each letter on the phase change diagram?From A To B?

substance is frozen but warming up.

From B to C?The temp stays CONSTANT while it melts.Energy goes into the substance and is used to break the bonds between the molecules thus melting the substance.

From B to C?Part Solid and Part Liquid: The temp stays CONSTANT while it melts.Energy goes into the substance and is used to break the attractive forces between the molecules (not within the compound) thus melting the substance.


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At C?Liquid: All of the substance has turned to a liquid and the temp can begin to rise.


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From C to D?Liquid: The temp of the liquid rises at a steady rate.


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At D?Still a Liquid: The liquid begins to boil


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From D to E?Part Liquid and Part Gas: The liquid continues to boil at a constant temp.The energy is used to break the attractive forces between the molecules that make up the liquid.


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At E?Gas: The last bit of liquid boils away and turns to vapor.


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From E to F?Gas: The temp. of the vapor begins to increase with no upper limit to its temperature. At some point it would turn to a plasma.


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From F to E?Gas: The temp. of the vapor is decreasing.


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At E?Gas: The gas begins to condense into a liquid.


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From E to D?Part gas part liquid: Condensation of the gas to a liquid. Energy is released from the gas to the surrounding environment and the gas cools


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At D?Liquid: All the gas has turned to a liquid. The liquid can begin to cool.


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At D to C?Liquid: The liquid continues to cool.


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At C?Liquid: Crystallization begins. A solid begins to form.


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From C to B?Liquid: Freezing occurs. The substance tries to cool but the energy released by the freezing process warms the liquid. The temp stays constant as it freezes. Energy released when the ice forms = energy removed from the liquid


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At B?Solid: Freezing complete.


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From B to A?Solid: The solid can begin to cool further eventually reaching its coldest temp.


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Triple Point Phase Diagram 0.

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Area “A” The pressure is high enough and the temp is low enough to keep the substance a solid

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Area “B” The temperature is high but the high pressure keeps it a liquid

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Area “C” As the temperature increases so does the pressure but not enough it keep it a liquid so it turns to a gas.

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POINT “D” The temperature and pressure are perfectly matched. The substance can exist in the solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase all at the same time. This is the “TRIPLE POINT” of the substance

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50oC

Always a SOLID Always a LIQUID

Always a GAS

Critical Point: No matter how much pressure the substance cannot be turned back into a liquid above this point.

chapter 3 warm-up #1 states of matter 1.) which state of matter has the highest amount of energy...

Documents

used temperature scales

state of matter

heat available temperature

kelvin scales

phases of matter

equipment fahrenheit

measure of heat slide

o f slide