chapter 3 suffixes copyright © 2008, 2005 by saunders, an imprint of elsevier inc. all rights...

Chapter 3Chapter 3SuffixesSuffixes

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Define new suffixes and review those Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.presented in previous chapters.

Gain practice in word analysis by using these Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.understand terms.

Identify the functions of the different types of Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.blood cells in the body.


SUFFIXES– Page 74 - 75SUFFIXES– Page 74 - 75

NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES

-algia-algia pain (pain (Analgesic: pain med)

-cele-cele herniahernia

-centesis-centesis surgical puncture to remove surgical puncture to remove

fluidfluid

-coccus -coccus berry-shaped bacteriumberry-shaped bacterium

-cyte-cyte cellcell

SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning


Terminology – page 74 -75Terminology – page 74 -75 Arthralgia – pain in a jointArthralgia – pain in a joint

Cystocele – hernia of the urinary bladderCystocele – hernia of the urinary bladder

Amniocentesis – surgical puncture of the amnionAmniocentesis – surgical puncture of the amnion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0 Thoracentesis- removal of fluid in pleural spaceThoracentesis- removal of fluid in pleural space

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XR4AOi8q0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XR4AOi8q0 Staphylococci – berry shaped bacteria in clustersStaphylococci – berry shaped bacteria in clusters Erythrocyte – red blood cellErythrocyte – red blood cell

CystoceleCystocele


causalgiasevere burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve

cephalalgia headache

erythromelalgia

a disease caused by dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, associated with burning, redness of the skin, and pain

gastralgia pain in the stomach

mastalgiapain in the breast caused by congestion during lactation, or other causes

myalgia pain in a muscle or group of muscles

neuralgiaintense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, especially in the head or face

ostalgiaa pain associated with some abnormal condition in a bone

otalgia earache

prosopalgiastabbing pain in the face, also called trigeminal neuralgia

rachialgia pain in or due to the spineCopyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analgesic (an means without), medications Analgesic (an means without), medications that are used to alleviate pain are termed that are used to alleviate pain are termed analgesicsanalgesics




-dynia-dynia painpain

-ectomy-ectomy excision, removalexcision, removal

-emia-emia blood conditionblood condition

-genesis-genesis condition of producing, formingcondition of producing, forming

-gram-gram recordrecord


SUFFIXES – page 75SUFFIXES – page 75

Terminology – page 75Terminology – page 75 Pleurodynia – pain chest wall muscles Pleurodynia – pain chest wall muscles

aggravated by breathing.aggravated by breathing.

Laryngectomy – removal of the larynxLaryngectomy – removal of the larynx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUY

Ischemia – holding back of blood from an area Ischemia – holding back of blood from an area of the body (Reduced blood flow)of the body (Reduced blood flow) http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view-item?http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view-item?

ItemID=72619ItemID=72619 Carcinogenesis – condition of producing cancerCarcinogenesis – condition of producing cancer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQ Electroencephalogram – Record of electricity in Electroencephalogram – Record of electricity in

the brainthe brainCopyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.



-graph-graph instrument for recordinginstrument for recording

-graphy-graphy process of recordingprocess of recording

-itis-itis inflammationinflammation

-logy -logy study ofstudy of

-lysis-lysis breakdown, destruction, breakdown, destruction, separationseparation




Terminology – page 75Terminology – page 75

Angiography – process of recording (x-ray Angiography – process of recording (x-ray image) of blood vesselsimage) of blood vessels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcc

Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchiBronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazM

Opthalmology – study of the eyeOpthalmology – study of the eye

Hemolysis – destruction of blood (red blood Hemolysis – destruction of blood (red blood cells)cells) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iU



-malacia-malacia softeningsoftening

-megaly-megaly enlargementenlargement

-oma-oma tumor, mass, collection of tumor, mass, collection of

fluidfluid

-opsy-opsy to view (under a microscope)to view (under a microscope)

-osis-osis condition, usually abnormalcondition, usually abnormal




Terminology – page 76Terminology – page 76

Osteomalacia – softening of the bonesOsteomalacia – softening of the bones

Splenomegaly – enlargement of the spleenSplenomegaly – enlargement of the spleen

Hematoma – collection of blood (Bruise)Hematoma – collection of blood (Bruise)

Biopsy – to view life (tissue)Biopsy – to view life (tissue)

Necrosis – Death of cellsNecrosis – Death of cells



-pathy-pathy disease conditiondisease condition

-penia-penia deficiencydeficiency

-phobia-phobia fearfear

-plasia-plasia development, formation, growthdevelopment, formation, growth

-plasty-plasty surgical repairsurgical repair


SUFFIXES- page 76-77SUFFIXES- page 76-77


Terminology page 76 -77 Terminology page 76 -77 Cardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscleCardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscle

Erythropenia – decreased red blood cellsErythropenia – decreased red blood cells Also reffered to as anemia (less literal meaning)Also reffered to as anemia (less literal meaning)

Acrophobia – fear of heightsAcrophobia – fear of heights

AchondroplasiaAchondroplasia

Angioplasty - Angioplasty -


QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::

1.1. Which term means fear of Which term means fear of marketplace?marketplace?

A.A. Acromegaly Acromegaly

B.B. Hydrophobia Hydrophobia

C.C. Acrophobia Acrophobia

D.D. Agoraphobia Agoraphobia

AcromegalyAcromegaly




-ptosis-ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapsedrooping, sagging, prolapse

-sclerosis-sclerosis hardeninghardeninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHE1ig4k64Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHE1ig4k64M

-scope-scope instrument for visual examinationinstrument for visual examination

-scopy-scopy process of visual examinationprocess of visual examination

-stasis-stasis stopping, controllingstopping, controlling





-stomy-stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma)opening to form a mouth (stoma)

-therapy-therapy treatmenttreatment

-tomy-tomy incision, cutting intoincision, cutting into

-trophy-trophy development, nourishmentdevelopment, nourishment


SUFFIXES – page 77-78SUFFIXES – page 77-78


SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES

-er-er one whoone who

-ia-ia conditioncondition

-ist-ist specialistspecialist

-ole-ole little, smalllittle, small

--uleule little, smalllittle, small

-um, ium-um, ium structure, tissuestructure, tissue

-us-us structure, substancestructure, substance

-y-y condition, processcondition, process


SUFFIXES AND SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY


ADJECTIVE SUFFIXESADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

-ac, iac-ac, iac pertaining topertaining to

-al-al pertaining topertaining to

-ar, ary-ar, ary pertaining topertaining to

-eal-eal pertaining topertaining to

-genic-genic pertaining to producing, produced by or inpertaining to producing, produced by or in




ADJECTIVE SUFFIXESADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

-ic, ical-ic, ical pertaining topertaining to

-oid-oid resemblingresembling

-ose-ose pertaining topertaining to, , full offull of

-ous-ous pertaining topertaining to

-tic-tic pertaining topertaining to




Build Terms with Suffixes and Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms Combining Forms

Combining Forms +Combining Forms +

SuffixSuffix

arthr/itisarthr/itis

blephar/o/ptosisblephar/o/ptosis

isch/emiaisch/emia

oste/o/genicoste/o/genic

staphyl/o/coccistaphyl/o/cocci

MeaningMeaning

Inflammation of jointInflammation of joint

drooping eyeliddrooping eyelid

loss of normal blood flowloss of normal blood flow

produced by bone tissueproduced by bone tissue

berry-shaped bacteria that berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clustersgrow in clusters


Blood Cell TypesBlood Cell Types

ErythrocytesErythrocytes

LeukocytesLeukocytes

ThrombocytesThrombocytes


Blood Cell TypesBlood Cell Types

1. Erythrocytes1. Erythrocytes Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells Made in bone marrowMade in bone marrow Carry oxygen from lungs to all body Carry oxygen from lungs to all body

cellscells Hemoglobin: blood proteinHemoglobin: blood protein


What is the purpose of hemoglobin?What is the purpose of hemoglobin?


Blood Cell Types Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

2. Leukocytes2. Leukocytes White blood cellsWhite blood cells

Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categoriestwo categories

GranulocytesGranulocytes Mononuclear leukocytesMononuclear leukocytes


LeukocytesLeukocytes

An easy way to remember the names of the An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: five leukocytes is: NNever (neutrophil) ever (neutrophil) LLet et (lymphocyte) (lymphocyte) MMonkeys (monocyte) onkeys (monocyte) EEat at (eosinophil) (eosinophil) BBananas (basophil).ananas (basophil).



GranulocytesGranulocytes – three types – three types

Eosinophils – Increase in allergiesEosinophils – Increase in allergies

Basophils – Play role in inflammationBasophils – Play role in inflammation

Neutrophils – Important disease-fighting cellsNeutrophils – Important disease-fighting cells



Mononuclear LeukocytesMononuclear Leukocytes – two types – two types Lymphocytes – fight disease producing Lymphocytes – fight disease producing

antibodies that destroy foreign bodiesantibodies that destroy foreign bodies

Monocytes – Engulf and destroy cellular Monocytes – Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophis have attacked foreign debris after neutrophis have attacked foreign cells.cells.



3. Thrombocytes3. Thrombocytes Also known as plateletsAlso known as platelets Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed

in the marrowin the marrow Necessary for blood clottingNecessary for blood clotting


TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS



2.2. Which type of blood cells are Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?necessary for clotting?

A.A. Erythrocytes Erythrocytes

B.B. Granulocytes Granulocytes

C.C. Monocytes Monocytes

D.D. Thrombocytes Thrombocytes


Review: HERNIA page 82Review: HERNIA page 82

Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains itnormally contains it



3.3. A rectocele is… A rectocele is…

A.A. A herniation of the intestinesA herniation of the intestines

B.B. Protrusion of a portion of the Protrusion of a portion of the rectum towards the vaginal wallrectum towards the vaginal wall

C.C. A hiatal herniaA hiatal hernia

D.D. An omphaloceleAn omphalocele


Hernia: Protrusion of Hernia: Protrusion of an organ through an an organ through an abnormal opening in abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the muscle wall of the cavity that the cavity that surrounds it.surrounds it.

RectoceleRectocele


REVIEW: AMNIOCENTESISREVIEW: AMNIOCENTESIS

Withdrawal of the Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds fluid that surrounds the embryo for the embryo for culture and culture and karyotypingkaryotyping


REVIEW: REVIEW:

Streptococcus and StaphylococcusStreptococcus and Staphylococcus:: Bacteria that grow in chains or clustersBacteria that grow in chains or clusters

ReviewReview

What is the difference between streptococcus What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?and staphylococcus?

What is an abscess?What is an abscess? What are the different types of hernias?What are the different types of hernias? When is an amniocentesis usually When is an amniocentesis usually

performed?performed?



Review: Review: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

Anemia:Anemia: Reduction in the number of Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating bloodcirculating blood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0U

Ischemia:Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the bodyof the body

Tonsillitis:Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)(lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)


What is this?What is this?


IschemiaIschemia



4.4. Which term means Which term means inflammation of tonsils? inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)(watch spelling!)

A.A. Tonsilitis Tonsilitis

B.B. Tonsillitis Tonsillitis

C.C. Tonsillectomy Tonsillectomy

D.D. Tonsilectomy Tonsilectomy


REVIEW: REVIEW: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

Acromegaly:Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of pubertyhormone after the completion of puberty

Splenomegaly:Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen Enlargement of the spleen

Leukocytosis:Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to of normal white blood cells in response to an infectionan infection


REVIEW: REVIEW: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

Achondroplasia:Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligencehead and body, and normal intelligence

Blepharoptosis:Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids Drooping eyelids

Laparoscopy:Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscopeabdomen using a laparoscope


Laparoscope (page 87)Laparoscope (page 87)


REVIEW (cont’d.)REVIEW (cont’d.)

Arteriole:Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)

Adenoids:Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passagesnear the nose and nasal passages


PericardiumPericardium

peri-peri- cardi/ocardi/o -ium-ium Structure surrounding the heartStructure surrounding the heart


BlepharoptosisBlepharoptosis

blephar/o: eyelidblephar/o: eyelid -ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse-ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse

silent psilent p

Sagging of an eyelidSagging of an eyelid CCaused by paralysisaused by paralysis

Or when eyelid muscles weakenOr when eyelid muscles weaken


NecrosisNecrosis

necr/onecr/o -osis-osis Abnormal condition of death (of cells)Abnormal condition of death (of cells)

Occurs in response to disease or injuryOccurs in response to disease or injury


What procedure is being performed What procedure is being performed here?here?


ElectroencephalographyElectroencephalography

electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -graphy: process of recording-graphy: process of recording Process of recording the electricity in the Process of recording the electricity in the

brainbrain What equipment is used?What equipment is used? What is produced?What is produced?


ElectroencephalographElectroencephalograph

electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -graph: instrument for recording-graph: instrument for recording Instrument for recording the electricity in Instrument for recording the electricity in

the brainthe brain


ElectroencephalogramElectroencephalogram

electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -gram-gram Record of the electricity in the brainRecord of the electricity in the brain

Variations in brain-wave activity correlate with Variations in brain-wave activity correlate with neurologic conditions, psychologic states, and neurologic conditions, psychologic states, and level of consciousnesslevel of consciousness


What procedure is being performed What procedure is being performed here?here?


ThoracentesisThoracentesis

thorac/othorac/o -centesis: surgical -centesis: surgical

puncture to remove fluidpuncture to remove fluid Surgical puncture to Surgical puncture to

remove fluid from the remove fluid from the chestchest thoracocentesisthoracocentesis



5.5. Which is the smallest of Which is the smallest of blood vessels?blood vessels?

A.A. Arteries Arteries

B.B. Venules Venules

C.C. Capillaries Capillaries

D.D. Arterioles Arterioles

chapter 3 suffixes copyright © 2008, 2005 by saunders, an imprint of elsevier inc. all rights...

Documents

suffixes copyright

imprint of elsevier

arthralgia pain

intermittent pain

pain gastralgiapain

amnion http

larynx http

cancer http