CHAPTER 3

“Social Dance and Jazz”

Chapter 3 (outline)

• Technology and the Music Business

• “Freak Dances”

• James Reese Europe and the Castles

• (Early) Jazz as Popular Music

• Dance Music in the Jazz Age

• Latin Dance Music

James Reese Europe (1881-1919)• Classically trained• “Clef Club Orchestra” (NYC)• Society Orchestra (w/ Castles)• WWI - 369th Regiment Band

“Harlem Hellfighters”• “Just before Jazz” style• Exs.

- James Reese Europe the Hellfighters - YouTube- How ya gonna keep em down on the Farm - Lt. - James Reese Europe - Castle House Rag – YouTube [Textbook Example: p. 84]- Ampico Lexington 88n - Monkey Doodle (James Reese Europe) - YouTube

Jazz (“Jass”)• Af-Am influences on Dance

Music (1890s-1920s)• New Orleans (Storyville)• Mixture of ….- Band Music- Funeral Processions- Mardi Gras celebrations- Ragtime (piano music)- Latin/Caribbean beat• Used for dances/parties• Small irregular groups

(primarily winds & brass, bass & drums)

Buddy Bolden Band (1905)

Original Dixieland Jazz Band• 1st commercial “jass” band• All white NOLA musicians• Chicago (c. 1916-17)• NYC (early 1917)• Recordings (March 1917)

- Original Dixieland Jass Band plays "Livery Stable Blues" on Victor 18255 FIRST JAZZ RECORD

• “Novelty” record (?)• “Hot” style (syncopated)

- cornet lead (Nick LaRocca)- clarinet & trombone countermelodies- rhythm section(piano & drums = steady beat)

“Tiger Rag” • Rec. 17 Aug 1917 (low sales)• Rec. 25 March 1918 (smash hit)• Jazz “Standard”• Based on NOLA tunes & ragtime• Cornet lead• Clarinet – high countermelody• Trombone – “Tailgate” style• Piano & drums (march-like)• Group “improvisation”

(somewhat)• Text book Ex.: p. 87:

Original Dixieland Jazz Band - Tiger rag

King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band• Joe “King” Oliver (1885-1938)- To Chicago (1919)- Creole Jazz Band (1922)

- Recordings on Gennett (1923)

• Louis Armstrong (2nd cornet)

• Poor businessman (Oliver)- CJB disbands in 1924- out of music by 1931

• Textbook Ex., p. 88: King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band:- "Dipper Mouth Blues" (1923) – YouTube

• 12-bar Blues (3 4mm phrases)• Form = Intro, A (2x),

B (2x) [clarinet], A,C (3x) [cornet wah-wah], A

Other “Hot” Bands

• McKinney’s Cotton Pickers - McKinney's Cotton Pickers "BABY WON'T YOU PLEASE COME HOME" (1930) - YouTube

• Duke Ellington (“Jungle Music”) - Duke Ellington & his Cotton Club Band - Old Man Blues (1930) Check and Double Check

• Jean Goldkette - My Pretty Girl - Jean Goldkette and His Orchestra – YouTube

• Casa Loma Orchestra - Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra

Noble Sissle (1899-1975) &Eubie Blake (1887-1983)

• Both members of James Reese Europe’s bands

• Songwriting team• Shuffle Along (1921-22)

- all black cast- integrated audience (!)

• “I’m Just Wild About Harry”• Exs.

- Vaughn De Leath sings "I'm Just Wild About Harry" on Gennett 4905, song by Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake

- Eubie Blake and his "Shuffle Along" Orchestra - Bandana Days (1921) - YouTube

Paul Whiteman (1890-1967)• Classical training• West Coast dance bands• Navy – concert band• “Symphonic Jazz”

- syncopated dance music- strict arrangements

• “King of Jazz”- self-described- strong marketing

• “White” version of jazz history

Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra

• Top-Notch Arrangers: Ferde Grofé, Fletcher Henderson (!)• White Jazz Musicians: Bix Beiderbecke, Dorsey Brothers• 1st Recordings – 1920 for Victor Talking Machine (RCA)• “An Experiment in Modern Music” (1924) Rhapsody in Blue• Leading Figure through mid-1930s (movies, radio, etc.)• Over 600 recordings

San Francisco (1918-19) – syncopated dance orchestra

Ambassador Orchestra(Atlantic City, NJ) – 1920s

Whiteman Band Examples

• Ex. - Paul Whiteman-"Whispering" – YouTube(1st recording – 1920 -11 weeks as # 1)

• Ex. - Japanese Sandman - Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra (1920) (1920 -2 weeks as # 1)

• Ex. - Paul Whiteman - My Blue Heaven (1927) – YouTube (1927 – 1 week at # 1)

• Ex. - Song Of India - Paul Whiteman – YouTube(1921 – 5 weeks at # 1)

• Ex. - "China Boy" by Paul Whiteman – YouTube

Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974)

• Washington, DC- Black middle class family- “society” piano

• NYC freelance• “Washingtonians” (his band)

- Club Kentucky (1923)

• Move to Cotton Club (1924)- “Jungle Music”

• “Bubber” Miley (trumpet)- mutes & “growls”

• Textbook Ex., p. 99-100- East St. Louis Toodle-Oo (1927) HQ - Duke Ellington and his Kentucky Club Orchestra - YouTube

Latin Influences• Bands w/ Latin-American Musicians in US (late 1920s-30s)

• Don Azpiazú and his Havana Casino Orchestra (NYC, 1930)

• “El Manisero” (“The Peanut Vendor”) [textbook, p. 101-03]- “Son” tradition mixed w/ “pregón” (street cries)

• Begins “Rumba” (& other Latin) dance craze

• “Clave” : ||: 1, (2) &, (3), 4 | (1), 2, 3, (4) :|| [repeat]

Ex. Don Azpiazu & His Havana

Casino Orchestra - El

Manisero (The Peanut

Vendor) - YouTube

CHAPTER 4

“I Got Rhythm” :The Golden Age of Tin Pan Alley

Song, 1920s and 1930s