chapter 3: sensation and perception - lora connorsensation and perception (3 of 5) – module 3.1...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3:
Sensation and
Perception
Sensation and
Perception (1 of 5)
– Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
– Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
– Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
– Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
– Module 3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
– Module 3.4 Our Other Senses: Chemical, Skin, and Body Senses
– Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic
Concepts of Sensation
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There? (1 of 3)
Sense Stimulus Receptors Threshold
Vision Light energyRods and cones
in the eyes
The flame from a single candle flickering about
30 miles away on a dark, clear night
Hearing Sound wavesHair cells in the
inner ears
The ticking of a watch placed about 20 feet away
from a listener in a quiet room
TasteChemical substances
that contact the tongue
Taste buds on
the tongue
About 1 teaspoon of sugar dissolved in 2 gallons
of water
SmellChemical substances
that enter the nose
Receptor cells in
the upper nostrils
About one drop of perfume dispersed in a
small house
TouchMovement of, or
pressure on, the skin
Nerve endings
in the skin
The wing of a bee falling on the cheek from about
1 centimeter away
TABLE 3.1 Absolute Thresholds for Various Senses
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There? (2 of 3)
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something
There? Is Something Else There? (3 of 3)
SensationWeber’s Constant
(Approximate)
Saltiness of food 1/5
Pressure on skin 1/7
Loudness of sounds 1/10
Odor 1/20
Heaviness of weights 1/50
Brightness of lights 1/60
Pitch of sounds 1/333
Signal
Detection:
More Than a
Matter of
Energy
Sensory
Adaptation:
Turning the
Volume
Down
Sensation and
Perception (2 of 5)
– Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
– Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
– Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when lights enters the eye, and explain the roles of rods and cones.
– Describe the two major theories of color vision.
– Module 3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
– Module 3.4 Our Other Senses: Chemical, Skin, and Body Senses
– Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
Module 3.2 Vision:
Seeing the Light
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Light: The Energy of Vision
FIGURE 3.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Eye: The
Visionary
Sensory
Organ (1 of 2)
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ (2 of 2)
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Color Vision:
Sensing a
Colorful
World (1 of 4)
FIGURE 3.7 PRIMARY
COLORS
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Color Vision:
Sensing a
Colorful
World (2 of 4)
FIGURE 3.8 AFTERIMAGES
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Color Vision:
Sensing a
Colorful
World (3 of 4)
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Color Vision:
Sensing a
Colorful
World (4 of 4)
Sensation and
Perception (3 of 5)
– Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
– Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
– Module 3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
– Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
– Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of deafness.
– Module 3.4 Our Other Senses: Chemical, Skin, and Body Senses
– Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
Module 3.3 Hearing:
The Music of Sound
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Sound:
Sensing
Waves of
Vibration
FIGURE 3.10 SOUND WAVES
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Ear: A Sound Machine
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Perception of
Pitch:
Perceiving
the Highs
and Lows
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Hearing Loss:
Are You
Protecting
Your Hearing?
FIGURE 3.12 Sounds and Decibels
Sensation and
Perception (4 of 5)
– Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
– Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
– Module 3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
– Module 3.4 Our Other Senses: Chemical, Skin, and Body Senses
– Explain how we sense odors and tastes.
– Identify the various skin senses and explain the gate-control theory of pain.
– Describe the functions of the kinesthetic and vestibular sense, and explain how they work.
– Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
Module 3.4 Our Other Senses: Chemical, Skin,
and Body Senses
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Olfaction:
What Your
Nose Knows
FIGURE 3.13 Olfaction
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Taste: The
Flavorful
Sense
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Skin
Sense: Your
Largest
Sensory Organ
FIGURE 3.14 Your Largest Sensory
Organ—Your Skin
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Kinesthetic and Vestibular Senses: Of Grace and Balance (1 of 2)
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Kinesthetic
and Vestibular
Senses: Of
Grace and
Balance (2 of 2)
FIGURE 3.15 THE VESTIBULAR
SENSE
Sensation and
Perception (5 of 5)
– Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
– Describe the roles of attention, perceptual set, and modes of visual processing in perception.
– Identify and describe the Gestalt principles of grouping objects into meaningful patterns or forms.
– Define the concept of perceptual constancy and apply the concept to examples.
– Identify and describe cues we use to judge distance and perceive movement and apply these cues to examples.
– Identify some common types of visual illusions, and explain why it is the brain, not the eyes, that deceives us.
– Evaluate evidence concerning the existence of subliminal perception and extrasensory perception.
Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Perception Versus Reality
Which of the circles in the middle of these two groupings appears larger?
FIGURE 3.16
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Attention: Did
You Notice
That?
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Perceptual
Set: Seeing
What You
Expect to See
(1 of 2)
The letter B or the number 13?
FIGURE 3.17
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Perceptual
Set: Seeing
What You
Expect to See
(2 of 2)
Duck or rabbit?
FIGURE 3.18
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Modes of Visual Perception: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Figure-Ground Relationships: What does this figure look like? (1 of 2)
– Profiles facing each other or a vase?
– FIGURE 3.19
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Figure-Ground
Relationships:
What does this
figure look like?
(2 of 2)
Old woman or young woman?
FIGURE 3.20
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization
FIGURE 3.21
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Perceptual
Constancies
FIGURE 3.23
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Monocular Cues to Depth Perception
FIGURE 3.25
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Binocular
Cues to
Depth
Perception
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Visual
Illusions: Do
Your Eyes
Deceive You?
(1 of 2)
Impossible figure
FIGURE 3.27
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Visual
Illusions: Do
Your Eyes
Deceive You?
(2 of 2)
Moon illusion
FIGURE 3.28
Jeffrey S. Nevid, Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition. © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May
not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Controversies in Perception: Subliminal Perception and Extrasensory Perception