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Page 1: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Chapter 3 Section 3

Page 2: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Energy for Life

• Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities necessary for life

• All of the activities of an organism invole chemical reactions in some way

• Metabolism= the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Page 3: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Enzymes

• Chemical reactions of metabolism need enzymes

• Enzymes assist reactions and causes a change, but the enzyme stays the same

• Enzymes can be used again and again

Page 4: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Living Things

• Divided into two groups: producers and consumers

• Producers- organisms that make their own food. Also called autotrophs

• consumers- organisms that cannot make their own food. Also called heterotrophs

Page 5: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Plants

• Are autotrophs• Use the energy from sunlight to make their

own food through photosynthesis• Photosynthesis- when producers convert light

energy into chemical energy, or sugars that can be used as food.

Page 6: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Where the Magic Happens….

• Chlorophyll- a green pigment that is used in photosynthesis to capture light. They are found in chloroplasts

Page 7: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

What Happens…

• Captured light energy powers a chemical reaction that turns carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar

• Excess sugar is stored as starches or used to make other carbohydrates

Page 8: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities
Page 9: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities
Page 10: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Respiration

• The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy

Page 11: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Respiration

• Begins in the cytoplasm• Carbohydrates are

broken down into glucose molecules

Page 12: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Next

• Moves into the mitochondria

• Two simpler molecules are broken down again, releasing more energy

• This process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as waste

Page 13: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities
Page 14: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Fermentation

• Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use fermentation to release some of the stored energy in glucose molecules– Occurs in the cytoplasm– Produces lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide

as waste– Also called anaerobic respiration

Page 15: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Lactic Acid

• Why your muscles hurt during tough workouts

Page 16: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Alcohol

Page 17: Chapter 3 Section 3. Energy for Life Chemical energy stored in food molecules is changed inside cells into forms needed to perform all the activities

Did You Know..?

• Bread is made using the process of fermentation

• Yeast, a fungi, is an ingredient in the bread dough that uses anaerobic respiration

• As the yeast eats up the sugar in the dough, it begins to release gas bubbles of carbon dioxide, and small amounts of ethanol alcohol, causing the bread to rise


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