Chapter 3 sec. 4

Origins of Judaism

Palestine

Phoenicians lived here Romans named the area

Palestine(philistines) Canaan- Home of the Hebrews(this

land was promised to them in the Bible) They will be a major influence on

Western culture- also Islam,Christianity

Jerusalem

Holy city for all 3 major religions

Always trouble here All feel it is “their

land”

Geography

To the east-Babylon,to the west-Egypt Seaports on the Mediterranean Sea,

Red Sea These are the most important

waterways of the time!

How do we know about this culture? Bible-The first 5 books of the Bible tell

us This is called the Torah Most sacred writings of their traditions Christians call them the old testament

Abraham The father of the

Hebrews He lived in Ur God tells him to go to

Canaan He goes there about

1800B.C. 1650B.C. his

descendants go to Egypt

Hebrews are monotheistic

Yahweh-I am your only god They believe he has power over all Not a physical being Abraham promises to obey god God will then protect them This is called the Covenant

Moses/Egypt

Jews go to Egypt fearing drought/famine Joseph/amazing Technicolor dream coat They are eventually forced into slavery Jews flee Egypt -The Exodus Moses is the one that leads them to safety-

The parting of the sea 10 commandments-the basis of jewish law Given to Moses by God

The twelve tribes of the Hebrew nation They were nomads They return to Canaan/become city

dwellres 12 tribes live in separate territories/self

governing Tribes will unite in times of crisis

Jewish laws The 10

commandments are very much like Hammurabi’s code

Prophets interpret laws

Emphasize equality You should live life

“justly”

Judasim

The religion of the Jewish people

Sacred writings

Hebrew Bible Contains basic laws Stories,writings Tells of Jewish

history Calls for repentance

Talmud

Written version of Jewish oral laws

Explains/interprets Mishnah

Mishnah is the encyclopedia of Jewish history

The Kingdom of Israel

Jews will move no./so. From Canaan Tribes are getting smaller Eventually only Judah tribe is left Hence the name Jews/Judasim Saul drives the philistines out of palistine David, very popular, unites the tribes Jerusalem is the capital,a dynasty begins

King Solomon David’s son Most powerful of

Hebrew kings Helped by Phoenician

king to build a trading empire

He will build a great temple to glorify God/ and hold the 10 commandments

The kingdom divides Massive temple co$ts big money High taxes,forced labor is the result Much discontent King Solomon dies,north part of kingdom

revolts,splits the empire North-Israel South-Judah They will fight each other, sometimes join to

fight another

The Assyrians Mighty empire No./So. Pay tributes so

they will not be attacked Doesn't work-Assyrians

conquer Samaria,the capital city

722B.C.whole north was under Assyrian control

Babylonians

The south(Judah) is able to hold on for 150 years more

Babylonians.Assyrians King Nebuchadnezzar destroys the

temple,conquers Judah,586B.C. Jews exiled to Babylon 539B.C.-Persia conquers Babylon

King Cyrus

He tells Jews to go back to Jerusalem,rebuild their temple

Some go, some stay 515- Jews build a new temple