chapter 3: records...

CHAPTER 3: RECORDS (STRUCT) [PART 1]

CSC 138 – Structured Programming

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion, you should be able to:

o define records (structures) that contain array data type as one of the member.

o declare and initialize C++ record (struct) as an array.

o differentiate between array and record (struct).

o write program using array and function in record (struct).

RECORD OVERVIEW

3.1 RECORDS DEFINITION

3.2 RECORDS DECLARATION

3.3 RECORDS INITIALIZATION

3.4 ACCESSING RECORDS MEMBERS

3.5 RECORDS ASSIGNMENT

3.6 AGGREGATE OPERATIONS WITH STRUCT

RECORDS / STRUCT

CHAPTER 3

• DEFINITION • DECLARATION • INITIALIZATION • ACCESSING RECORD MEMBERS • RECORD ASSIGNMENT • AGGREGATE OPERATIONS WITH STRUCT

RECORD INTRODUCTION o Assume that we want to store the following students’

information: name

Ic number

Matric number

Year entry

o Below are the example of data representation that might be used: char Name[15], ICno[15], MatricNo[7];

int YearEntry;

o We cannot use an array to group all of the items associated with a student. How to group elements of different types together?

RECORD INTRODUCTION o An array is a homogeneous data structure; a struct

is typically a heterogeneous data structure.

o A collection of fixed number of components in which components are accessed by name. The components may be of different types.

o Allowed a group of related data being accessed and manipulate as a unit(record) struct

o For example, data associated with student are: Name - string 15 characters

IcNo - string 15 characters/array

MatricNo - string 7 characters

YearEntry - integer

RECORD DEFINITION

o struct: collection of a fixed number of components (members), accessed by name • Members may be of different types

o Syntax:

RECORD DECLARATION

o A struct is a definition, not a declaration

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition

8

struct studentType

{

string firstName;

string lastName;

char courseGrade;

int testScore;

int programmingScore;

double GPA;

//variable declaration

} newStudent, student;

OR

RECORD DECLARATION


9

Company Logo

RECORD INITIALIZATION o Initialization can be done during declaration.

o Example 1:

struct student stud1 = {“Nadiah”, “880409-13-5555”, “A11000”, 1998};

o Example 2:

struct date {

int day;

int month;

int year;

}

struct date Birth_Day = {1, 1, 1982}; Birth_Day

day

month

year

1

1

1982

CSC 138 Structured programming

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o Example 3:

struct date Birth_Day = {31, 10, 1966};

31 day

month

year

Birth_Day

10

1966


RECORD INITIALIZATION

ACCESSING RECORDS MEMBERS

o The syntax for accessing a struct member

is:

o The dot (.) is an operator, called the member access operator


12

o To initialize the members of newStudent: newStudent.GPA = 0.0;

newStudent.firstName = "John";

newStudent.lastName = "Brown";


13


More examples: cin>>newStudent.firstName;

cin>>newStudent.testScore>>newStudent.programmingScore;

Score=(newStudent.testScore + newStudent.programmingScore) / 2;

if (score >= 90)

newStudent.courseGrade = 'A';

else if (score >= 80)

newStudent.courseGrade = 'B';


newStudent.courseGrade = 'C';


newStudent.courseGrade = 'D';

else

newStudent.courseGrade = 'F';


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o Example 3: struct student S1;

strcpy(S1.name, "C Bin D");

strcpy(S1.IcNo, "661122-02-5554");

strcpy(S1.MatricNo, "A11122");

S1.YearEntry = 1990;

'C' ' ' 'B' 'i' 'n' ' ' 'D' '\0'

'6' '6' '1' '1' '2' '2' '-' '0' '2' '-' '5' '5' '5' '4' '\0'

Name

IcNo

YearEntry

MatricNo S1

1990

'A' '1' '1' '1' '2' '2' '\0'



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o Example 4: struct date Birth_Day;

cout<<“When is your birthday?(DD MM YYYY)\n";

cin>>Birth_Day.day>>Birth_Day.month>>

Birth_Day.year;

cout<<“Your birthday is ”<< Birth_Day.day<<

“/”<<Birth_Day.month<<“/”<<

Birth_Day.year<<endl;

??? day

month

year

Birth_Day

???

???



Company Logo

o Example struct stud S1;

cout<<"Name, Ic no, Matric no, year?\n");

gets(S1.Name); //also act as input data for char [cin]

gets(S1.IcNo); //needs to include stdio.h in using gets()& puts()

gets(S1.MatricNo);

cin>>S1.YearEntry;

puts(S1.Name); // also act as display data for char [cout]

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

???

Name

IcNo

YearEntry

MatricNo S1



o Value of one struct variable can be assigned to another struct variable of the same type using an assignment statement

o The statement: student = newStudent;

copies the contents of newStudent into student


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RECORD ASSIGNMENT

RECORD ASSIGNMENT

o The assignment statement: student = newStudent;

is equivalent to the following statements: student.firstName = newStudent.firstName;

student.lastName = newStudent.lastName;

student.courseGrade = newStudent.courseGrade;

student.testScore = newStudent.testScore;

student.programmingScore = newStudent.programmingScore;

student.GPA = newStudent.GPA;


19

20

AGGREGATE OPERATIONS WITH STRUCTURES

o Recall that arrays had none (except reference parameter) o Structures DO have aggregate operators

• assignment statement =

• parameter (value or reference)

• return a structure as a function type

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AGGREGATE OPERATIONS WITH STRUCTURES

o Limitations on aggregate operations • no I/O

• no arithmetic operations

• no comparisons

cout << old_part;

cin >> new_part;

old_part = new_part + old_part;

if (old_part < new_part)

cout << ...;

COMPARISON (RELATIONAL OPERATORS)

o Compare struct variables member-wise • No aggregate relational operations allowed

o To compare the values of student and newStudent:


22

INPUT/OUTPUT

o No aggregate input/output operations on a struct variable

o Data in a struct variable must be read one member at a time

o The contents of a struct variable must be written one member at a time


23

ARRAYS VERSUS STRUCTS


24

Exercise 1 1. Define a struct, checkingAccount, to store the following data about a

checking account; account holder’s name(string), account number (int), balance (double), and interest rate (double).

2. Define a struct, movieType, to store the following data about a movie: movie name(string), movie director(string), producer (string), the year movie was released (int),and number of copies in stock.


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Exercise 2 – Assume the definition of Exercise 1

1. Declare a checkingAccount variable and write C++ statements to store the following information: account holder’s name – Jason Miller, account number – 17328910, balance – 24476.38, interest rate -2.5%.

2. Declare a variable of type movieType to store the following data: movie name – Summer Vacation, director – Tom Blair, producer – Rajiv Merchant, year the movie released – 2005, the number of copies in stock – 34


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Exercise 3

a) Write a C++ statement for each of the following questions:

i. Define a struct named Student_Information which has four members of different types. The members are student name, gender(‘F’ or ‘M’), semester and CGPA.


27

Exercise 4 a) Consider the following statements:

Struct nameType

{

string first;

string last;

double score;

};

nameType name;

nameType name2;

Mark the following statements as valid or invalid. If statement is invalid explain why.

i. name.first = “Nafisah”;

ii. cout<< nameType;

iii. name2= name;

iv. cin >> nameType;

v. cout<< name2. last;

vi. nameType.last = “Amin”;

vii. double total = score;

viii. double average; average= name2.score /2;


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Mark the following statements as valid or invalid based on the struct

definition below:

struct bookType

{

char authorName[30];

float price;

char edition[15];

int yearPublished;

char publisher[50];

}book1, book2;

Exercise 5

a)book1.price=50.00;

b)book1.publisher[30];

c)book2==book1;

d)if (strcmp(book1.edition,book2.edition)==0)

e)strcpy(book2.publisher, ‘Pearson’);

a) Define a struct named Course with 3 members: courseName, courseCode and courseFee.

Declare 2 struct variables namely course1 and course2.

b) A company has six salespersons. Every month they go on road trips to sell the company’s product. At the end of each month, the total sales for each salesperson, together with that salesperson’s ID and month is recorded. Write an appropriate struct definition for this problem.

Exercise 6

Given the following struct definition:

struct bookType

{

char authorName[30];

float price;

char edition[15];

int yearPublished;

char publisher[50];

}book1, book2;

Exercise 7

write a C++ statement for each of the following:

a) Set the value of yearPublished for book2 to 2009.

b) Set the price of book2 equal to the price of book1.

c) Set the value of authorName for book2 as D.S. Malik.

CHAPTER 3: RECORDS (STRUCT) [PART 2]


RECORD OVERVIEW

3.7 RECORDS AND ARRAY

3.8 RECORDS AND FUNCTION

RECORDS AND ARRAY

CHAPTER 3

• ARRAY IN RECORD

• RECORDS IN ARRAY

ARRAY IN RECORD (STRUCT)

o Example 1: const int arraySize = 500;

struct listType

{

//array in struct

int elements[arraySize];

int listLength;

};

listType listOne; //declared a struct variable

elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]


o Example 1:

listOne.listlength = 0;

listOne.elements[0] = 11;

listOne.listlength++;



elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]

0


o Example 1:






elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]

11

0


o Example 1:






elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]

11

1 0


o Example 1:






elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]

11

22

1


o Example 1:






elements

listLength

Memory: listOne

elements[0]

elements[1]

. . .

elements[499]

11

2 1

22


o Example 1 (Complete Program): const int arraySize = 500;

struct listType {

int elements[arraySize]; //array in struct

int listLength;

};

int main(){

listType listOne; //Declares a struct variable

cout << "Enter number of element(s): ";

cin >> listOne.listLength;

for(int i = 0; i < listOne.listLength; i++)

listOne.elements[i] = (i+1);


cout << listOne.elements[i] << endl;

}


o Example 2 (struct definition & variable declaration):

struct studentType

{

string studName;

char courseGrade;

int testScore[2];

int asgnScore;

double GPA;

};

studentType student;

studName

courseGrade

testScore [1]

asgnScore

GPA

Memory: student

testScore [0]


o Example 2 (variable declaration & initialization):

studentType student =

{

“Jamaluddin”,

‘A’,

90,

87,

85,

3.85

};

studName

courseGrade

testScore [1]

asgnScore

GPA

Jamaluddin

A

87

85

3.85

Memory: student

testScore [0] 90


o Example 2 (main function): int main() {

studentType student = { “Jamaluddin”,‘A’, 90, 87,

85, 3.85 };

//Assignment statement: Method 1

studentType newStudent;

//Assignment statement: Method 2

for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)

newStudent.studName = student.studName;

newStudent.courseGrade = student.courseGrade;

newStudent.testScore[i] = student.testScore[i];

newStudent.asgnScore = student.asgnScore;

newStudent.GPA = student.GPA;


o Example 2 (main function cont.): ...

cout << " STUDENT'S INFORMATION" << endl;

cout << " NAME\t: " << student.studName[0]

<< " " << student.studName[1];

cout << "\n GPA\t: " << student.GPA;

cout << "\n COURSE GRADE : "

<< student.courseGrade;

cout << "\n\n ASSIGNMENT SCORE\t: "

<< student.asgnScore;

cout << "\n TEST SCORE\t\t: [1] "

<< student.testScore[0] << " [2] "

<< student.testScore[1];

}


o Example 2 (Output):

EXERCISE (3.2.1)

Extends the codes from previous program in Example 1 to:

1. display the elements of the array in reverse order.

2. display the odd elements of the array.

ANSWER (3.2.1) const int arraySize = 500;

struct listType

{

int elements[arraySize]; //array in struct

int listLength;

};

main(){

:

//Display elements in reverse order

//Display odd elements

}

for(int i = (listOne.listLength - 1); i >= 0; i--)

cout << listOne.listElement[i] << endl;


if(listOne.listElement[i] % 2 != 0)

cout << listOne.listElement[i] << endl;

RECORDS (STRUCT) IN ARRAY

o Suppose a company has 50 employees. The employer need to print the employees’ monthly paychecks and keep track of how much money has been paid to each employee.

o Step 1 : Define struct

const int noOfEmployee = 50;

struct employeeType

{

char name[50],

deptID[15],

employeeID[15];

int hourWorked;

double basicSalary,

monthlySalary;

};

name

deptID

employeeID

hourWorked

basicSalary

monthlySalary


o Step 2 : Declare an array of struct variable

employeeType employees[noOfEmployee];

• Declares an array employees with 50 components of type employeeType. Every elements is a struct.

name

deptID

employeeID

hourWorked

basicSalary

Memory: employees[0]

monthlySalary

name

deptID

employeeID

hourWorked

basicSalary


monthlySalary

name

deptID

employeeID

hourWorked

basicSalary


monthlySalary


o Step 3 : Input / Read data for each of the employees for(int x = 0; x < noOfEmployee; x++)

{

//Input statement

//Calculate the monthly salary

}

Output screen:


//Input statement

cout << " Employee " << x+1 << endl;

cout << "----------\n";

cout << " Name : ";

cin.getline(employees[x].name, 50);

cout << " Department : ";

cin.getline(employees[x].deptID,15);

cout << " Employee ID : ";

cin.getline(employees[x].employeeID,15);

cout << " Hours Worked : ";

cin >> employees[x].hourWorked;

cout << " Basic Salary : RM ";

cin >> employees[x].basicSalary;

//Calculate the monthly salary

employees[x].monthlySalary =

employees[x].hourWorked * employees[x].basicSalary;

cout << endl;


o Step 4 : Access elements of the array, elements of the struct

//print all the name for each employees

for(int x = 0; x < noOfEmployee; x++)

cout << employees[x].name;

//print all the employeeID

for(int x = 0; x < noOfEmployee; x++)

cout << employees[x].employeeID;


//Display the record for each employee

cout << setw(10) << "EMPLOYEE ID"

<< setw(20) << "BASIC SALARY (RM)"

<< setw(25) << "MONTHLY SALARY (RM)"

<< endl;

cout << setfill('-') << setw(55) << endl;

cout << setfill(' ');

for(int i = 0; i < noOfEmployee; i++)

{

cout << setw(8) << employees[i].employeeID;

cout << setw(16) << employees[i].basicSalary;

cout << setw(16) << employees[i].monthlySalary;

cout << endl;

}

system("PAUSE");

}

EXERCISE (3.2.2)

Extends the codes from previous program to:

1. search employee record by their employee ID.

2. display the particular details as the following output screen:

ANSWER (3.2.2) main() {

employeeType employees[noOfEmployee];

char searchID[15];

cout << "\n Enter Employee ID to be searched: ";

cin >> searchID;

for(int i = 0; i < noOfEmployee; i++) {

if(strcmp(employees[i].employeeID, searchID) == 0) {

//Display the record for the employee

cout << endl << setw(10) << " EMPLOYEE ID"

<< setw(15) << "EMPLOYEE NAME"

<< setw(25) << "DEPARTMENT"

<< endl;

cout << "------------------------------" << endl;

cout << setfill(' ');

cout << setw(10) << employees[i].employeeID;

cout << setw(15) << employees[i].name;

cout << setw(25) << employees[i].deptID;

cout << endl;

}

else

cout << " Record doesn't exist!";}

}

EXERCISE (3.2.3)

Suppose FSKM has 5 students. We need to calculate the total score obtained by each student. The total score is by adding the mark of test score and programming score. From the total score, find the course grade of each student. Lastly, display all information of all students.

struct studentType {

string firstName;

string lastName;

char courseGrade;

int testScore;

int programmingScore;

double GPA;

int score;

} ;

studentType student[5];

EXERCISE (3.2.4)

Suppose a company has 10 full-time employed. We need to print their monthly paychecks and keep track of how much money has been paid to each employee in the year-to-date. First, let’s define an employee’s record:

Input : firstName, lastName, personId, deptId, yearlySalary, monthlyBonus

struct employeeType {

string firstName, lastName;

string deptId;

int personId;

double yearlySalary;

double monthlySalary;

double yearToDatePaid;

double monthlyBonus;

} ;

employeeType employee[10];

ANSWER (3.2.3)

int main()

{

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

{

cout<<"insert first name : ";

cin>>student[i].firstName;

cout<<"insert last name : ";

cin>>student[i].lastName;

cout<<"insert test score : ";

cin>>student[i].testScore;

cout<<"insert programming score : ";

cin>>student[i].programmingScore;

cout<<"insert GPA : ";

cin>>student[i].GPA;

}

}

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

student[i].score =

student[i].testScore+student[i].programmingScore;

if(student[i].score >=90)

student[i].courseGrade='A';

else if(student[i].score >=80 && student[i].score<90)

student[i].courseGrade='B';


student[i].courseGrade='C';


student[i].courseGrade='D';

else

student[i].courseGrade='F';

}

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

cout<<"First Name : “

<<student[i].firstName<<endl;

cout<<"Last Name : “

<<student[i].lastName<<endl;

cout<<"course Grade : “

<<student[i].courseGrade<<endl;

cout<<"test Score : “

<<student[i].testScore<<endl;

cout<<"Programming Score : “

<<student[i].programmingScore<<endl;

cout<<" GPA : “

<<student[i].GPA<<endl;

}

ANSWER (3.2.4) int main()

{

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

{

cout << “\ninsert first name : ";

cin >> employee[i].firstName;

cout << “\ninsert last name : ";

cin >> employee[i].lastName;

cout << “\ninsert id : ";

cin >> employee[i].personId;

cout << “\ninsert dept id : ";

cin >> employee[i].deptId;

cout << “\ninsert yearly salary: ";

cin >> employee[i].yearlySalary;

cout << “\ninsert monthly bonus: ";

cin >> employee[i].monthlyBonus;

}

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

{

employee[i].monthlySalary

= employee[i].yearlySalary / 12;

double paycheck

= employee[i].monthlySalary

+ employee[i].monthlyBonus;

employee[i].yearToDatePaid = paycheck;

cout << "Year To Date Paid :“

<<employee[i].yearToDatePaid << endl;

}

}

RECORD OVERVIEW



RECORDS AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 3

• PASS RECORD VARIABLE AS PARAMETER

• PASS RECORD MEMBER AS PARAMETER

• PASS ARRAY OF RECORDS AS PARAMETER

• RETURN RECORDS

PASS RECORD VARIABLE AS PARAMETER

o Recall the difference between array and struct involving aggregate operation:

AGGREGATE OPERATION ARRAY STRUCT

Arithmetic No No

Assignment No Yes

Input / Output No (except strings) No

Comparison No No

Parameter passing By reference only By value or reference

Function returning a value No Yes


o The following struct definition were given:

struct studentType

{

char name[25];

char matrixNo[15];

int icNo;

};

name

matrixNo

icNo


o Construct main function:

main() {

studentType s;//struct variable declaration

cout << “Enter Matrix No.: ”;

cin.getline(s.matrixNo, 15);

cout << “Enter Name: ”

cin.getline(s.name, 25);

cout << “Enter IC No.: ”;

cin >> s.icNo;

display(s) //function call

}

PASS RECORD VARIABLE AS PARAMETER (Pass entire struct)

o Construct function prototype:

void display(studentType);

o Construct function definition:

void display(studentType x)

{

cout << x.name << “ ”

<< x.matrixNo << “ ”

<< x.icNo;

}

Member’s name CANNOT BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variable CAN BE MODIFIED.

Pass entire struct at once

PASS RECORD VARIABLE AS PARAMETER (Pass address of struct)


void display(studentType&);


void display(studentType& x)

{

cout << x.name << “ ”

<< x.matrixNo << “ ”

<< x.icNo;

}

Pass only the address of struct

Member’s name CANNOT BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variable CAN BE MODIFIED.

PASS RECORD MEMBERS AS PARAMETER


struct studentType

{

char name[25];

char matrixNo[15];

int icNo;

};

name

matrixNo

icNo


o Construct main function:

main() {

studentType s; //struct variable declaration






cin >> s.icNo;

//function call

display( s.matrixNo, s.name, s.icNo )

}

Pass members of struct individually



void display(char[], char[], int);


void display(char matrix[], char

name[], int ic)

{

cout << matrix << “ ”

<< name << “ ”

<< ic;

}

Pass only the members of STRUCT individually

Member’s name CAN BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variables CANNOT BE MODIFIED

PASS ARRAY OF RECORDS AS PARAMETER


struct studentType

{

char name[25];

char matrixNo[15];

int icNo;

};

name

matrixNo

icNo


o Main function:

main() {

int arraySize = 10;

studentType s[arraySize];

getData(s, arraySize); //function call

for(int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {

cout << s[i].name << “ ”

<< s[i].matrixNo << “ ”

<< s[i].icNo;

}

} Member’s name CANNOT BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variables CAN BE

MODIFIED


o Function prototype:

void getData(studentType[]);

o Function definition: void getData(studentType s[], int size)

{

for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{

cout << “Enter Matrix No. and Name ”;

cin.getline(s[i].matrixNo, 15);

cin.getline(s[i].name, 25);


cin >> s[i].icNo;

}

}

Pass the array of struct

RETURN RECORD (By parameter)


struct studentType

{

char name[25];

char matrixNo[15];

int icNo;

};

name

matrixNo

icNo



void getData(studentType&);

o Function definition:

void getData(studentType& x)

{


cin.getline(x.matrixNo, 15);


cin.getline(x.name, 25);


cin >> x.icNo;

}

Pass the address of struct, by reference


o Main function:

main() {


getData(s) //function call

cout << s.name << “ ”

<< s.matrixNo << “ ”

<< s.icNo;

}

Member’s name CANNOT BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variables CAN BE

MODIFIED

RETURN RECORD (By return value)


struct studentType

{

char name[25];

char matrixNo[15];

int icNo;

};

name

matrixNo

icNo



studentType getData();

o Function definition: studentType getData() {

studentType s;

cout << “Enter Matrix No. and Name ”;




cin >> s.icNo;

return s;

}

Pass the type of struct


o Main function:

main() {


s = getData() //function call

cout << s.name << “ ”

<< s.matrixNo << “ ”

<< s.icNo;

}

Member’s name CANNOT BE RENAMED! But the arrangement of variables CAN BE

MODIFIED

EXERCISE (3.2.5)

o Suppose that you have the following definitions: struct tourType {

char cityName[20];

int distance, hour, sec;

double min;

};

i. Declare the variable named destination of type tourType.

ii. Write C++ statements to store the following data in destination: cityName - chicago, distance - 550 miles, travelTime - 9 hours and 30 minutes.

iii. Write the definition of a function to output the data stored in a variable of type tourType.

iv. Write the definition of value –returning function that input data into a variable of type tourType.

v. Write the definition of void function with reference parameter of type tourType to input data in a variable of type tourType.

EXERCISE (3.2.6)

o The following struct definition consists of four data members: book’s title, serial number, price and shelf location. struct Books {

char title[50];

int serialNo;

float price;

char location[20];

};

a) Create an array of 100 malay books

b) Write the function definition for each of the following

i. Function inputData(): This function receives two parameters; an array of malay books and the size of the array. It then reads data from the user and stores them into the array.

ii. Function preciousBook(): this function receives two parameters; an array of malay books and the size of the array. It determines the most expensive book and displays all the information about the book.

EXERCISE (3.2.7) A bookshop wants to manage the information of the books sold in their shop. You have been assigned to develop the program to update the books information. The information stored consists of the titles, quantities and prices of books. The title, quantity and price of book are stored in a structure named bookStock. Assuming that there are FIVE HUNDRED (500) books managed by the bookshop. Write definition for the following functions. Note : function parameter must at least have an array of type bookStock. o InputData() : this function prompts user to enter book information and

stores them in array of type bookStock. o totalPrice(): this function calculates total price by summing up

multiplication result of quantities and prices. It will then return the result. o displayRestock(): this function displays the details of restocked

book by finding its quantity which is less than FIVE (5) books. o searchTitle(): this function searches book title and display the book

details. If the title is not found, display appropriate message. Searched book title is received through this function parameter.

RECORD OVERVIEW



EXAMPLE 1 OF STRUCT WITH FUNCTION #include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

#include <conio.h>

void printBook( struct Books book );

struct Books {

char title[50];

char author[50];

char subject[100];

int book_id;

};

int main( )

{

struct Books Book1; // Declare Book1 of type Book

struct Books Book2; // Declare Book2 of type Book

strcpy( Book1.title, "Learn C++ Programming"); // book 1 specification

strcpy( Book1.author, "Chand Miyan");

strcpy( Book1.subject, "C++ Programming");

Book1.book_id = 6495407;

EXAMPLE 1 OF STRUCT WITH FUNCTION

strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing"); // book 2 specification

strcpy( Book2.author, "Yakit Singha");

strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom");

Book2.book_id = 6495700;

printBook( Book1 ); // Print Book1 info

printBook( Book2 ); // Print Book2 info

getch();

}

void printBook( struct Books book )

{

cout << "Book title : " << book.title <<endl;

cout << "Book author : " << book.author <<endl;

cout << "Book subject : " << book.subject <<endl;

cout << "Book id : " << book.book_id <<endl;

}

EXAMPLE 2 OF STRUCT WITH FUNCTION

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <cstring.h>

void display_details (struct person Someone_I_know); //function prototype

//declaraton of struct

struct person

{

char name [30];

int eye_colour;

float height;

};

int main()

{

struct person sibling, mother;

struct person spouse;

//initialization for person : sibling, mother and spouse

strcpy(sibling.name, "Diane");

sibling.eye_colour = 1;

sibling.height = 1.61;

EXAMPLE 2 OF STRUCT WITH FUNCTION strcpy(mother.name,"Mary");

mother.eye_colour = 2;

mother.height = 1.44;

strcpy(spouse.name,"Helen");

spouse.eye_colour = 1;

spouse.height = 1.7;

display_details(sibling); //function call

display_details(mother);

display_details(spouse);

getch();

}

void display_details (struct person someone_I_know)

{

cout << "Name : " << someone_I_know.name <<endl;

cout << "Eye colour : ";

switch (someone_I_know.eye_colour)

{

case 1 : cout << "Brown";

break;

case 2 : cout << "Blue";

break;

case 3 : cout <<"Green";

break;

default : cout << "Unknown";

}

cout << endl;

cout << "Height : " << someone_I_know.height << " metres" << endl;

}

THE END…..


chapter 3: records...

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