chapter 3 – perfect and perfect progressive tenses gw 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3 – Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses
GW 4
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Chapter 3
• Present Perfect– have/has + past participle
• Present Perfect Progressive– have/has + been + verb + ing
• Past Perfect– had + past participle
• Past Perfect Progressive– had + been + verb + ing
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Present Perfect #1
Situations that began in the past and continue up to now.
Since + specific point in time (e.g. 2002, last May, 5pm) OR time clause
I have been a teacher since 2002. Situation = being a teacher Time frame= from 2002 to now
I have known Mary since I was in high school. time clause: since I was in high school.
For + length of time (e.g. two months, three years)My sister has known Mary for five years.
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Present Perfect #2
Events that have or haven’t happened before now. The exact time is unspecified. ?????
Use adverbs: ever, never, yet, still, already – Jack has already finished his homework. – I have never seen snow. – I still haven’t seen the movie.
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Present Perfect #3
3. Events that have occurred many times from a point in the past up to the present time.
– We have had three tests so far this quarter. – I have met many people since I came here.
Event: taking tests; meeting many peopleTime frame: from the beginning of the quarter until now; since I came here
Do Ex. 4 & 5
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Exercise 4, p. 39
1. since2. for3. for4. since5. for6. since7. for8. since
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Present Perfect Simple PastPast event when there is no specific mention of time. ?????
I have met Linda.
There is a specific mention of time.
I met Linda yesterday.
Situations that began in the past and continue to present.
I have been a teacher for ten years.
(2002- now)
Situations that began in the past and ended in the past.
I was a teacher for ten years.
(1995 – 2005)
Do EX. 13
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Exercise 13 p. 44
1. has never seen 2. saw3. had; went4. haven’t had 5. has been6. was7. has just occurred; occurred 8. have gotten; saw; have also gotten9. have already taken**; took10. have known11. knew
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Present Perfect Progressive
The duration (how long) of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present. Time Expressions – since, for, all day, all morning, all week
– I have been studying since 11 am. – I have been studying for two hours! – It has been raining all day!
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Non-Progressive verbs (p. 16)
Present Perfect is used for Non-Progressive verbs (p. 16)
• I’ve known Maria since she was a child. For some not all verbs, the idea of how long can be expressed by both tenses. Verbs that happen regularly, usually, or habitually:
e.g. live, work, teach, study, wear glasses, play soccer
– I have lived in Irvine for two years. (Pres Perfect)– I’ve been living in Irvine for two years. (Pres Perf Prog)
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Present Perfect Progressive
When the tense is used without mention of time, it expresses a general activity in progress recently.
– Jason has been thinking about looking for a new job. He doesn’t like his job now.
Do Ex. 16 & 17, 19, 21 #1
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Exercise 16 p. 47
2. is reviewing; has been reviewing3. is standing; has been standing4. has been playing5.have been practicing6. have been sleeping
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Exercise 17 p. 47
1. Present Perfect Progressive: 1. Tom has been fixing the coffee table. 2. Tom has been cooking. 3. Tom has been vacuuming.4. Tom has been memorizing 10 words.
2. Simple Past:1. Tom fixed the coffee table yesterday. 2. Tom cooked yesterday. 3. Tom vacuumed yesterday. 4. Tom memorized 10 words yesterday.
3. Present Perfect: 1. Tom has just fixed the coffee table. 2. Tom has just cooked. 3. Tom has just vacuumed.4. Tom has just memorized 10 words.
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Exercise 19 p. 48
4. has been waiting 5. have liked (NON-ACTION - NOT PROG) p. 16 More NON-PROG. Verbs6. has been watching7. has been teaching/has taught (can use both)8. have been playing; has been playing/has played
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Write…
• Write about your first day in this class. • What did you see, hear, feel, think? (Simple
Past). Then write about what you have done and have been doing in this class since the first day. (Present Perfect/Present Perfect Progressive)
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Past Perfect
• An activity that was complete before another activity or time in the past.
Ann left at 9:30.Sam arrived at 10:00.
12
– Ann had already left when Sam arrived.
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Past Perfect
1. Main clause: Past Perfect2. Adverb clause: By the time… Simple Past
21
By the time Sam arrived, Mary had already left. By the time I came to class, the teacher had already given the homework.
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Before & After
Past Perfect is not necessary because the time relationship is clear.
Sam had left before Ann got there. Sam left before Ann got there. After I had taken a shower, I went to bed. After I took a shower, I went to bed.
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Reported Speech
• Commonly used with verbs like: tell, say, found out, learn, discover
Jenny said “I lost my keys”.
Jenny said that she had lost her keys.
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Exercise 23 p. 51
2. felt; had taken/took3. had already given; got4. was ; had stopped5. roamed; had become; appeared6. never saw/had never seen; visited
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Past Perfect Progressive
How long an activity was in progress before another activity or time in the past. Not common.
• I had been waiting for my friend since 4:30. She finally arrived at 6:00. • The police had been looking for the criminal for two years
before they caught him.
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Past Perfect Progressive
Ex. 29 I have been working outside for almost an hour.
It’s hot. I think I’ll go inside.
I had been working outside for almost an hour. I got too hot and came inside.
I have been waiting for Jack since 5:00. I’m still here!
I had been waiting for Jack since 5:00. Then I left.
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Reported Speech:
Lia said: “I have been waiting for your call.”
Use Past Perfect Progressive: Lia told me that she had been waiting for my call.
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Exercise 30
3. have been studying 4. had been studying 5. had been daydreaming6. have slept/ have been sleeping