Chapter 3: Migration

Global and European

Migration Patterns

The Cultural Landscape:

An Introduction to Human Geography

Major Global Migration Flows

(1500 - 1950)

Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)

• 1: Europeans to North America – 65 - 75 million? Europeans to New World

• 2: Spanish colonists to New World – Latin American cultural identity

– 1st Wave of Imperialism

Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)

Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)

• 1: Europeans to North America – 65 - 75 million? Europeans to New World

• 2: Spanish colonists to New World – Latin American cultural identity

– 1st Wave of Imperialism

• 3: Other European migration – during Era of “New” Imperialism

– Europeans into Africa, Asia and later to South America

• India, South Africa, Argentina/Uruguay/Paraguay,

Australia, New Zealand etc.

• 4: Atlantic Slave Trade – 12 to 15 million forced to migrate

– Replace depopulated Caribbean islands/E. Central America

Major Global Migration Flows(1500 - 1950) • 5: South Asians (as indentured servants) to Africa/SE Asia

• 6: Chinese migration into SE Asia

Chinese in

Southeast

Asia

• Imperialism opens

economic

opportunities for

Chinese in 1800s.

– 14% Thailand

– 32% Malaysia

– 76% Singapore

Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)

• 7: American settlement of the West

• 8: Russian expansion into Siberia

Current Migration Flows

Besides economic reasons, why might the

UK, France and Spain (in particular) be

major migrant destinations?

External Migration

into Europe • Guest workers

– Turks Germany

– fill low wage/skill jobs

• Safety valve for LDCs

• Labor source for aging

European nations

• Citizenship

– South Asia UK

– Algeria France

• Family reunification

– Chain migration from

former colonies

Internal Migration and Europe • Citizenship in EU member states

– the right to live and work anywhere within the EU.

• General pattern: East West and South North

– From poorer to more wealthy

• Many immigrants in Western Europe have come from

former eastern bloc states in the 1990‘s

– Poles UK and Ireland

– Romanians/Bulgarians Spain and Italy

• Northern Europeans are moving South (recent

phenomenon) (Ravenstein #4)

– Retirees and others warmer climate, affordable lifestyle

Problems faced by immigrant populations • Higher unemployment

• 2008, immigrant unemployment in France = 13%

• 2x that of native population (6%)

• ghettoization • immigrants clustered in urban areas/projects on edge of cities.

• limited contact with general society

• concentrated poverty

• identity • although no longer “temporary”

• resistance to assimilation “incubator for radicalism”

• rightwing reaction • rise of nativism

• xenophobia = fear or hatred of foreigners

• radicalism drags moderate “middle” to right