chapter 3 literature

8/11/2019 Chapter 3 Literature

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Chapter 3

Literature

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture


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Procedure

1. A Brief Introduction

2. Classical Literature

3. Great Writers of the 20th Century


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Brief introduction

Four main periods of Chinese literature

development :

Classical: pre-Qin

late Qing

Modern: 1840May 4th, 1919

Revolutionary: 19191949

Contemporary: 1949present


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Classical Literature

DefinitionIt refers to literary works from the days before

the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.

CharacteristicIt is virtually an unbroken strand enduring

dynastic changes.

WorksThe Book of Songs (

) and Poetry of the

South () are regarded as the two peaks of

Chinas earliest literary.


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The Book of Songs

What is it ?

Three sections:

Feng (folk ballads)

Ya (dynastic hymns)

Song

(sacrificial songs)

A collection of Chinas 305 oldest poems from theEarly Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring

and Autumn Period; regarded as the earliestrealistic literature in China.


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Guan-guan go the ospreys,

On the islet in the river.

The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady:

For our prince a good mate she.

Here long, there short, is the duckweed,To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.


Waking and sleeping, he sought her.

He sought her and found her not,

And waking and sleeping he thought about her.

Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;


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On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again.

Here long, there short, is the duckweed ;

On the left, on the right, we gather it.


With lutes, small and large, let us give herfriendly welcome.

Here long, there short, is the duckweed ;

On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.


With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.


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Poetry of the South

Poetry of the Southis derived from the songs of the

southern state of Chu during the Warring States

Period. It pioneered romanticism in Chinese poetry.

The verse of Poetry of the South are freeer than

those of The Book of Songs. It is not fixed to fourcharacters per line, and the character of xi(

) is

often put in the middle or the end of some lines.


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Qu Yuan and His Masterpieces

Qu Yuanthe earliestknown famous Chinese poet

Masterpieces:Sorrow after Departure

Ask Heaven

Nine Elegies

Nine Songs


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amous lines

The journey is long,

Ill search up and down.


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The Prose of the Pre-Qin Period

()

The prose in the pre-Qin period includes historicalprose () and philosophical prose ().

Historical prose The Book of History

Spring and Autumn Annals

Zuos Commentary

Intrigues of the Warring States

Discourses of the States

Philosophical proseLao Zi (Dao De Jing), Mo Zi, Mencius, Zhuang Zi,

The Analects of Confucius


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Han Dynasty Literature

Hanfu ()also called rhyme prose. It is a popular literarygenre originating in the Han Dynasty. It

emphasizes elaboration and description, and is thecombination of poem and prose. It includes longessays () and short essays ().

Representative HanfuOn Faults of Qin

Records of the Grand Historian


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Yuefu folk songs()It features five-character lines and reflects thereality and life of lower-class working people.

Outstanding Yuefu Folk songsSoutheast the Peacock Flies

The Ballads of Mulan


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The Ballads of Mulan and

Southeast the Peacock Flies

Disney Pictures' Mulan

Southeast the Peacock Flies


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Appreciating famous lines

Alack, alas! alack, alas!

She weaves and sees the

shuttle pass.You cannot hear the

shuttle, why?

Its whir is drowned in

her deep sigh.


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(

)

Vast is the sky,

boundless the wilds,

grazing cattle are

revealed

as the grass bend

dawn in the wind.

The Chile Ballad


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The Literature in the Wei, Jin, Southern and

Northern Dynasties

A new genre

The stories recording spirits and anecdotes

(

)

Outstanding works of this periodThe Peach Blossom Spring

The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons


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The Tang Poems

The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems

The biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry.

The development of poetry in the Tang Dynastycan be classified into four stages: Early Tang,

High Tang, Mid Tang and late Tang


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The Four Literary Eminences

(

)

Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo

Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin

Their poems, in a refined

language, boast beautiful

tonal patterns and rhyme

schemes.


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Li Bai and his poems

Li Bai, the Celestial

Poet (), has long

been regarded the

greatest romantic poetin Chinese literature.

In his poems,

imagination,

exaggeration, dictionand sonorous rhythms

are blended effortlessly.

Thinking in the Silent Night

Hard is the Road to Shu

Dreaming of Sightseeing in

the Tianmu Mountains


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Abed, I see a silver light,

I wonder if it s frost aground.

Looking up, I find the moon bright;

Bowing, in homesickness I m drowned.

Li Bais A Tranquil Night


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Du Fu and his poems

Du Fu, the Saint Poet(), has beenconsidered as thegreatest realistic poetin Chinese literature.

He developed a

depressing andmeticulous literarystyle.

Three officers(

)

The Xinan Officer

The Shihao Officer

Officer at Tongguan Pass

Three Partings(

)

Parting of the Newly-wed

Parting of the Old

Parting of the Homeless


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Bai Juyi and his poems

The outstanding poet

Bai Juyisucceeded Du

Fuwith poems

reflecting the reality ofsociety.

Satirical and allegorical

style

The Old CharcoalSeller

Song of Eternal Sorrow

Song of A Pipa Player


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Beauties in the palace,More than three thousand of them,

All his favors were not on them,

but only on her.

Song of Eternal Sorrow


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i in the Song Dynasty

Ci: Instead of regulated poetry, cicould

express more refined and delicate feelings

with irregular meter.

What is Cipai?

Name of the tune to which a cipoem is

composed.

Famous poets

Su shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji, and Li Qingzhao


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Li qingzhao and Slow Slow Song

I've a sense of somethingmissing I must seek.Everything about me looks

dismal and bleak.Nothing that gives mepleasure, I can find.Even the weather has provedmost unkind.


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Yuanquin the Yuan Dynasty

Yuanqu includes sanqu(: non-

dreamatic songs)and zaju (

:poetic

drama).

Ma Zhiyuan andAutumn Thought

Guan Hanqingand The Injustice to Dou E


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Ma ZhiyuanandAutumn Thought


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Ma ZhiyuanandAutumn Thought

Dried vine(s), (an) old tree, evening crow(s);

(A) small bridge, flowing water, mens home(s);

(An) ancient road, west wind(s), (a) lean horse;

Sun slants west:A heart-torn man at skys end.

trans. Wai-lim Yip

In a Station of the Metro

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough.

Ezra Pound


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Fiction in the Ming and Qing Dynasty

14 minutes

Four famous Chinese classics of literatureRomance of the Three Kingdoms

Water Margin

Journey to the West

Dream of the Red Mansions

Townsfolk literatureThree Volumes of Wordsand Two Volumes of

Slapping

Satirical novel

The Scholars

Strange Tales from a Scholars Studio


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Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The earliest long

Chinese novel. Based on history books

and folk legends, the

plot centers on the rise

and fall of the three

kingdoms of Wei, Shu

and Wu, and on the

complex political,military, and diplomatic

struggles during that

period.


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Water Margin

It was the first novel todeal with the subject of

peasant revolts inChina.

It is about the story ofthe rebellion of the 108

heroes at the end ofthe Northern SongDynasty.


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Journey to the West

An outstandingromantic work full offantastic tales. Andalso a masterpieceabout deities ()and ghosts.

It tells of the TangDynasty monk, XuanZang overcoming 81adversities anddefeating variousmonsters and demonsbefore finally reachingIndia, assisted by his

three disciples:SunWu Kong, Zhu Ba Jie,and Sha Seng.


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Dream of the Red Mansions

The greatest novel in

Chinese literature.

The central thread of thenovel is the tragic love storybetween Jia Baoyu and Lin

Daiyu. Instead of just tellingthe love story, it taps thesocial origins of the tragedythrough probing deeply intothe charactersminds andcomplicated relationships.


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Great Writers of the 20th Century

Two peaks ofChinese modern literature

The May 4th Movement in 1919and the opening-up

policy in 1978 have produced two peaks of literary

prosperity.

Eight great writers of the 20th century

Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Laoshe,

Cao Yu, Shen Congwen and Ai Qing


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Lu Xun (1881-1936)

A great thinker, a revolutionary

figure in literature withpioneering thoughts and also one

of the founders of modern

literature in China.

A Madman's Diary

Call to Arms

The True Story of Ah Q

Q

Wandering

Old Tales Retold


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Guo Moruo (1892-1978)

He was a writer, poet, dramatist,

historian, archaeologist,

paleography () expert, and

a social activist.

The Goddess

Qu Yuan

Zhuo Wenjun

Wang Zhaojun

D


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Mao Dun(1896-1981)

A critic, novellist and short-story

writier noted for his

commitment to the doctrine ofrealism. Once one of the chief

editors of Chinas foremost

literary journalShort Story

Monthly

Midnight

Spring Silkworms

The Shop of Lin Family


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Ba Jin (1904-2005)

A prolific () writer,

praised by Lu Xun as a

writer with passion and

progressive thinking.

Trilogy of the

Turbulent Currents

Family

Spring, andAutumn

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