chapter 3 (latest)

8/6/2019 Chapter 3 (Latest)

1/23


2/23


3/23

1. All living and non- living things on earth,

are made up of matter.2. Matter is anything that has mass and

occupies space.

3. Human, animals and plants are

examples of living matter.

4. Books, water and soil are examples ofnon-living matter.


4/23


5/23


6/23

1. Matter is made up of very small particles.

2. There are spaces between the particles because they

are discrete.

3. The particles of matter can move.

4. These particles consists of atoms and molecules.

-Atom: smallest particles

-Molecule:2 or more atoms combined together

oxygen atom water molecule

oxygen atomhydrogen atom


7/23

1. Matter can exist in three different states:

a) solid

b) liquid

c) gaseous

2. Example of solid form: table, ice, ruler

3. Example of liquid form: water, oil

4. Example of gaseous form: steam, air


8/23

The arrangement of particles determines theshape of matter, whether it is a solid, liquid or gas.


9/23

1. The particles are arranged close to oneanother in an orderly manner, are compact

and follow a pattern.

2. There are very small spaces between theparticles.

3. The force of attraction between particles is

strong.

Solid


10/23

Activity to show space exist between

particles of solids

+ =

50cm3 small

stones

50cm3 green

peas

80cm3


11/23

1. The particles are arranged loosely and arenot orderly. Because of this, the spaces

between the particles are wide.

2. The particles collide with one another and,

therefore, do not follow a pattern.

3. The force of attraction between particles is

not as strong compared with particles in

solids.

Liquid


12/23

Activity to show space exist between

particles of liquids

+ =

50cm3 water 50cm3 alcohol 98.5cm3


13/23

1. The particles are widely separated from oneanother.

2. There is a lot of space between particles.Therefore, gases can be compressed.

3. A gas can completely fill any vessel it is putinto. Therefore, gases do not have a definitevolume.

4. The force of attraction between particles isvery weak.

Gas


14/23


15/23

1. The particles of solid are held together bystrong forces of attraction.

2. They are only free to vibrate about fixed

positions and cannot move about freely.3. The particles of solids contain very low

kinetic energy.


16/23

1. The particles of liquid still have force ofattraction but not enough to hold the

particles in a fixed position.

2. So that, the particles of liquid can movefreely.

3. The particles in liquids move at random and

sometimes collide with one another.


17/23

1. The force of attraction between gas molecule

is very weak and very far apart one another.

2. So that, they have complete freedom

movement.

3. The particles move at random in quick

motion and always collide with one another.


18/23


19/23

Similarities

Has massOccupies space


20/23

Differences Solid Liquid Gas

Arrangements of

particles

Packed and close

to each other

Loosely arranged Widely

separated

Movement of

particles

Vibrate about

fixed positions

Move at random

and sometimes

collide

Move quickly at

random and

often collide

Volume Fixed Fixed Changes

Shape Fixed Follows the

container

Fills the whole

container

Ability to flow No Yes Diffuse in all

direction

Ability tocompressed

No Very difficult Easilycompressed

Force of

attraction

Very strong Moderate Very weak

Energy content Low Average High


21/23

A solid has fixed shape and volume.

Solid

Particles in a solid Movement of particles

Packed closely together Cannot move away from their

fixed position

Arranged in fixed positions Can only vibrate

Arranged in a regular pattern Can spin around


22/23

A liquid has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

- Takes the shape of the container which it fills.

Particles in liquid Movement of particles

Not closely packed Can move away from their

fixed positions

Not held in fixed positions Can vibrate

Not arranged in a reg lar

pattern

Can changed positions

Liq id


23/23

A gas has no fixed shape and volume.- Same as the container it fills or of the spaceit occupies

Particles in gas Movement of particles

Widely spaced Move freely with high speed

Not held in fixed positions Knock into one another

Gas

chapter 3 (latest)

Documents