chapter 3 hardware, software, and networks copyright © 2013 pearson education, inc. publishing as...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3
Hardware, Software, and Networks
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-1
Learning Objectives
Q1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software?Q3. What type of computer networks exist?
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Learning Objectives
Q4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Q5. What happens on a typical web server?Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• Categories of Computer Hardware– Input– Output– Process– Storage
FIGURE 3-1 Categories of Computer Hardware
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• Computer Data– Bits (Binary digits)– Bytes
FIGURE 3-3 Units of Data for Computer Memory
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• How does a computer work?
FIGURE 3-4Computer Components
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• Why does a manager care how a computer
works?– Performance– Memory• Volatile• Non-volatile
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• What is the difference between a client and a
server?– Server farm
FIGURE 3-5 Client and Server ComputersCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?• Categories of computer hardware• Computer data• How computer works and why a manager
should care• Differences between a client and a server
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• Software categories– Operating system – Applications programs
FIGURE 3-7 Types of Software
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• What are the major operating systems?– Non-mobile client operating systems– Mobile client operating systems– Server operating systems
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• What are the major operating systems?
FIGURE 3-8 Major Operating Systems
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What are the major operating systems?
Processing Systems for TPS Applications• IBM X Systems
Midrange systems• IBM Z Systems
Mainframe systems• Operating System
Mainframes
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• Own versus License– Cloud computing– Virtualization
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do Organizations Obtain Them?– Horizontal market application software– Vertical market application software– Client-server application software– Thin client v. thick client
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• How do organizations acquire application software?– Off the shelf– Custom developed
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• Is open source a viable alternative?– Source code– Machine code– Closed source– Open source
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What do business professionals need to know about software?
• Operating Systems• Application Programs• Open Source
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• Computer Network• Local Area Network (LAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Internets• “the Internet”
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• What are the components of a LAN?– Small office/Home office (SOHO LAN)– Wired connectivity– Wireless connections
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• What are the components of a LAN?– LAN protocols• Institute for Electronic and Electrical Engineers
(IEEE)• IEEE 802.3 (wired Ethernet)• IEEE 802.11 (wireless)• Bluetooth
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN?– Internet Service Provider (ISP)– Digital Data– Analog Data
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN?– Modems• DSL• Cable• Wireless
FIGURE 3-15 Signal Modulation for Accessing the Internet
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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?
• Computer Network• Local Area Network (LAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Internets• “the Internet”
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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• Internet’s network of networks• Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and
WANs• TCP/IP architecture• Application layer protocols• TCP and IP protocols• IP addressing
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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• TCP/IP architecture
FIGURE 3-17 TCP/IP Architecture
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TCP Layered Communication
Internet
App
DL
Trans
Phy
SourceHost
DestinationHost
Switch1
Switch2
Router1
Switch3
Router2
Source andDestinationHosts Have
5 Layers
SwitchesHave Two
Layers---
Each SwitchPort
Has OneLayer (1)
RoutersHave Three
Layers---
Each RouterPort
Has TwoLayers (1&2)
TCP
IP
What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• Application layer protocols– Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP)– Secured Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTPS)– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• TCP and IP protocols– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Internet Protocol (IP)
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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• IP addressing– Use of Private IP Addresses• Eg. 165.193.123.253
– Public IP Addresses and Domain Names– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)• Eg. http://www.godaddy.com
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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?
• Internet’s network of networks• Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and
WANs• TCP/IP architecture• Application layer protocols• TCP and IP protocols• IP addressing
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What happens on a typical web server?
• Web storefront• Three-Tier architecture• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
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What happens on a typical web server?
• Web storefront– server on the web from which you can buy
products– Eg: www.REI.com
FIGURE 3-19 Sample Retail Web Page Source: Used with permission of REI and Black Diamond.
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What happens on a typical web server?
• Three-Tiered architecture– User tier– Server tier• Web page• Web farm
– Database tier
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What happens on a typical web server?
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)– HTML tags <>– Hyperlinks (href)
FIGURE 3-22Example HTML
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What happens on a typical web server?
• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)• Adobe Flash• Microsoft Silverlight• HTML5
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What happens on a typical web server?
• Web storefront• Three-Tier architecture• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
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How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)– Virtual– Tunnel– Security
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Ethics Guide
• Churn and Burn– Mark’s conspiracy theory– Does it have merit?– Discussion Questions
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Conclusion
Q1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software?Q3. What type of computer networks exist?
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Conclusion
Q4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Q5. What happens on a typical web server?Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-42