chapter 3 cell biology & genetics
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Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics. Part 1. Cells. Basic units of ALL living things Smallest part of an organism that have the characteristics of life All eukaryotic cells have Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelles. c ork cells. What do “cells” do?. Cellular Functions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Part 1
Chapter 3Cell Biology & Genetics
Cells
Basic units of ALL living things Smallest part of an organism that have
the characteristics of life All eukaryotic cells have
Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelles
cork cells
What do “cells” do?
Cellular Functions Undergo metabolic reactions
(metabolism) & Use Energy Synthesis of Molecules (proteins, nucleic
acids, lipids) Communication Reproduction & Inheritance
CELL CITY
Cell Parts (page 58-59)PLASMA MEMBRANE
Function….. outer boundary of cells Controls the entry and exit of
substances Contain “receptor proteins” (name
tags) which identify the cells to recognize other cells (communication)
Plasma Membrane - Structure
Phospholipid bi-layer containing cholesterol molecules and proteins
Nucleus - Function
Control center of cell Houses the DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) which regulates protein synthesis (remember enzymes are a type of protein) & the chemical reactions that take place within the cell
Nucleus - Structure Enclosed by nuclear envelope
(double membrane) which has pores
Contains chromatin (DNA) Contains a nucleolus which is
where ribosomes are made
Ribosome - Function
Site of Protein Synthesis
Ribosome - Structure
Made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and proteins
Some ribosomes are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum and some are “free” floating in the cytoplasm
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Function
Synthesizes Proteins and then transports them to the Golgi Apparatus
Rough ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Function
Makes lipids and carbohydrates Detoxifies harmful chemicals Stores Calcium
Smooth ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with no attached ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body) - Function
Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
Golgi Body - Structure
Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other
Lysosome – Function & Structure
Function: contains digestive enzymes Structure : membrane bound vesicle
(pinched off from Golgi)
Peroxisome – Function & Structure
Function : site of amino acid and lipid breakdown & breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Structure: membrane bound vesicle
Proteasomes – Function & Structure
Function : Break down proteins in cytoplasm
Structure: tube-like protein complex in cytoplasm
Mitochondria - Function
Major site of ATP (energy) synthesis when oxygen is available
Mitochondria - Structure
Double membrane bound organelles Inner membrane forms “infoldings”
called cristae
Centrioles - Function
Site of microtubule formation Form the base of flagella and cillia
Centrioles - Structure
PAIR of cylindrical organelles in the centrosome (MTOC) consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules
Cilia - Function
Move materials over the surface of cells
Cilia - Structure
Extensions of the plasma membrane Contains DOUBLETS of parallel
microtubules 10 micrometers long
Flagella – Function & Structure
Propels spermatozoa (in humans) Extensions of plasma membrane
containing doublets of parallel microtubules
55 micrometers long
Cilia vs Flagella
Microvilli – Function & Structure
Function: Increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified form of sensory receptors
Structure: extensions of plasma membrane containing microfilaments