1. Chapter 3 Individual security risk and return1. An investor buys a stock for $47 and gets an annual cash dividend of $2.25. Will he experience a capital gain or a capital loss if he sells the stock for $51.75 one year later? What is the investors dollar and percentage return?2. Another investor purchases a stock for $29.80 and gets an annual cash dividend of $1.60. This investor sells the stock three years later for $26.40 Will he experience a capital gain or a capital loss? What is this investors dollar and percentage return?3. Suppose you buy 400 shares of stock at the beginning of the year for $23/share and sell it in 6 months for $26/share. While you held the stock you received quarterly dividends of $0.25/share. 1. Calculate your income and capital gains over the six months you held the stock. What is your total (dollar) return? 2. Calculate your holding period return. 3. What is your dividend yield and your capital gains yield over the six month period? 4. Annualized your HPR using APR and EAR.4. Find the EAR for the following periodic returns. 1. HPR =1% over 1 month. 2. HPR=2.5% over 3 months. 3. HPR=3% over 6 months. 4. HPR=0.04% over one day.5. Imagine you buy a bond for $17,000, which pays $200 interest every 3 months. What are the total income, the amount of capital gain/loss, and the total dollar return you experience if you sell the bond for $15,500 nine months later? What is the HPR?6. For the following problems, determine (1) the current income, (2) the capital gain or loss, and (3) the total return in both dollars and as a percentage of the initial investment. 1. An investor purchased a stock for $75 one year ago and received four dividend payments totaling $3.80. Today, the investor sells the share for $90. 2. An investor sells his stock for $121. He bought the stock 18 months ago for $137 and received dividend payments of $8.10 every 6 months. 3. An investor purchased a bond for $9,100 15 months ago. The bond paid $90 interest every 3 months and is now sold for $8,700.7. Bob is interested in a stock that is currently trading at $32 per share and that pays monthly dividends of $0.80 per share. His expectation is to sell the stock in four months for $35. Steve is interested in a different stock that is trading at $34 per share and that pays quarterly dividends of $0.95 per share. He expects to sell the stock in six months for $38. Which stock is more lucrative in terms of the annualized holding period return?8. You are buying a stock for $81 per share and are expecting to sell it in one year for $89. The Stock pays $1.27 per share in quarterly dividends. At the same time, your friend purchases a share of stock for $69. This stock is paying quarterly dividends of $1.09 per share and your friend is expecting to sell it in 3 months for $71. Will you or your friend have a better annualized holding period return?

2. 9. Imagine that an investment of $3,500 today is likely to return $6,000 in 8 years. Calculatethe IRR on this investment. Decide whether it is worth doing this investment if aminimum rate of return of 6% is required. What is your decision if the required minimumrate of return is 8%?10. Another investment of $7,500 promises a return of $9,600 in 5 years. Estimate the IRRon this investment. Can you recommend this investment if a minimum rate of return of6% is required? What if the required minimum rate of return is 7%?11. Imagine you purchased 250 shares of the investment described in the table at thebeginning of 2004.1. Calculate the yearly total return in dollars.2. What is the aggregate (7-year) return in dollars and as a percentage of the initial investment if you sell the shares at the end of 2010?3. Calculate the IRR if income is received at the end of the year.Market ValueYear Income Market Value BeginningEnding2004$2.00$45.00 $48.002005 2.15 48.0051.502006 2.30 51.5058.002007 2.50 58.0055.502008 2.75 55.5054.002009 2.95 54.0060.002010 3.20 60.0065.0012. Assume an investor purchases shares of stock for $4.500 today and will sell them for$5,300 in 5 years. During those 5 years he receives $38, $40, $43, $39, and $41 individends. Calculate the internal rate of return on this investment.13. You invest $11,000 in a stock that pays $98, $105, $102, and $105 in dividends over thenext 4 years. After the 4 years, you decide to sell the stock for $ $12,300. Determine theinternal rate of return on your investment.14. Determine the IRR for the investments described in the following situations.FutureSituationInitial investment End of yearvalue 1 $3,000 $7,0008 2 900 4,000 25 36,0006,500415. The returns for two different investments are shown in the following table. 1. Calculate the arithmetic and geometric average returns for each investment. 2. Which of the two investments seems to be more risky? Explain why. 3. What are the standard deviation of returns of each investment? 3. YearReturn on AReturn on B20025%10%2003 16142004 11 8200511320069 92007 2412 16. The table below shows the returns for three alternative investments.1. Calculate the arithmetic and geometric average returns for each investment.2. What is the (average) risk premium of each investment?3. Determine which of the three investments seems to be most risky. Which appearsto be the safest investment?4. What are the standard deviations of returns of each investment? Year Return on A Return on B Return on C 200381624 20048 516 20058 910 2006814 3 20078 1 7Answers 1. gain, total dollar return=$7, or 14.89% 2. loss, +1.40 per share, or 4.70% 3.1. Income=$200, cg=$1200, total=$14002. HPR=15.22%3. Div yield=2.17%, cg yield=13.04% (NOTE: when looking at quotes in thefinancial press, dividend yields are usually annualized).4. APR=30.44%, EAR=32.76% 4.1. 12.68%2. 10.38%3. 6.09%4. 15.72% 5. Income=$600, cap loss=$1500, total dollar return= -$900, HPR= -5.29% 6. 4. 1. (1) $3.80 (2) $15 (3) $18.80; 25.07%2. (1) $24.30 (2) -$16 (3) $8.30; 6.06%3. (1) $450 (2) -$400 (3) $50; 0.55%7. Bob APR=58.13%; Steve APR=34.71%8. Your APR=16.15%; Your friend APR=17.91%9. 6.97%, invest if we only require 6%, but if we require 8%, we dont invest10. 5.06%, dont invest11.1. dollar return by year: 1,250.00; 1,412.50; 2,200.00; 0; 312.50; 2,237.50; 2,050.00,as a percent: 11.11%; 11.77%; 17.09%; 0%; 2.25%; 16.57%; 13.67%2. income=$4,462.50; capital gains=$5,000; total dollar return=$9,462.50;HPR=84.11%3. 10.16%12. 4.16%13. 3.73%14. (1) 11.17% (2) 6.15% (3) 2.02%15.1. Arithmetic: A=11%, B=11%; geometric: A=10.75%, B=10.98%2. As returns seem more volatile, higher his and lower los3. A=8.17%, B=2.37%16.1. Arithmetic: A=8%, B=9%, C=12%; geometric: A=8%, B=8.86%, C=11.76%2. Arithmetic average risk premium: A=0%, B=1%, C=4% (note that security A isthe risk free asset)3. A=0%, B=6.20%, C=8.22%Chapter 4 - Investing in stocks: the basics1. An investor purchases 150 shares of a certain stock at the following prices and margins. Calculate the loan for each transaction as well as the equity necessary to make these margin transactions.Transaction Price/Share Margin Loan Equity A 4560% b 128 45% c22 73% d10 66% e84 57% f38 62%2. Use the information from the previous question. Ignore any interest paid on loans.1. What is the investors new margin position if the stock price increases by $10 pershare?2. What is the margin position if the share price decreases by $10? 5. 3. Bob purchased 150 shares of stock for $120 per share. The initial margin was 70% and the maintenance margin was 40%. At what price will Bob face a margin call?4. Kelly decides to buy 100 shares of a stock at a price of $62/share, using an initial margin of 60% and the maintenance margin being 30%. How far does the stock have to drop before Kelly faces a margin call?5. McDonalds stock is currently selling at $48 per share. An investor purchases 100 shares of this stock using a margin of 70%. The annual dividends are $2 per share and the investor can obtain a margin loan at an annual interest cost of 6%. What is the return on invested capital that the investor can get if the stock price increases to $55 in 12 months?6. Steve bought 200 shares of UFO stock 12 months ago. The share price was $38 per share and the initial margin requirement used was 60%. Today, Steve decides to sell the shares. During the last 12 months, the stock paid $2 per share in cash dividends and the annual interest on the margin loan charged was 7%. There was a minimum maintenance margin of 35%. 1. What is the initial value of the transaction? Determine the loan amount and theequity position on Steves transaction. 2. Imagine the share price is i) $50, ii) $28, iii) $16, and iv) $45. What is the actualmargin percentage for each situation? When would Steve be subject to a margincall? 3. Imagine that after the 12-month holding period the sales prices are the following:i) $30, ii) $35, iii) $40, iv) $45, and v) $50. What is the rate of return for eachsituation?7. An investor has borrowed 300 shares of a stock from a broker. He decides to short sell them for $25 a share with the initial margin being 60%. 1. Calculate the amount of money that will be in the investors account after thetransaction. 2. What is the margin if the stock falls to 22/share? 3. What is the holding period return if the stock falls to $22 per share? 4. If the maintenance margin is 35%, when will the investor receive a margin call?8. An investor has borrowed 150 shares of stock from a broker. He decides to short sell them for $30 per share with an initial margin of 40% and the maintenance margin being 20%. Calculate the margin and indicate if there will be a margin call for each of the following situations. 1. The stock price falls to $18 per share. 2. The stock price falls to $25 per share. 3. The stock price rises to $37 per share. 4. The stock price rises to $42 per share.9. Jimmy makes a cash purchase of 100 shares of a stock for $40 per share. Louie buys the same stock but uses 50% margin and the loan has an 8% interest rate. Each investor holds the stock for a year, receiving a $2 dividend. Suppose they close their positions at the end of the year and all trades are charged a commission of $20. 1. What is the return for each investor if the stock price is $50 per share at the end ofthe year? 2. What is the return for each investor if the stock price is $30 per share at the end ofthe year? 6. AnswersTransaction Loan Equity Margin Margin (+10) (-10) a 2700 4050 67.27% 48.57% b10560 8640 48.99% 40.34% c8912409 81.44% 50.50% d510990 83.00% N/A e 5418 7182 61.57% 51.19% f 2166 3534 69.92% 48.43%6035.42New equity = 4173.60, return = 24.21% 1. Stock=7600, loan=3040, equity=4560 2. if you assume the stock price changes instantly so you can ignore interest and dividendsfor this question: i) 69.6%, ii) 45.71%, iii) 5.00%, iv) 66.22%. Only in (iii) will there be amargin call 3. i) ending equity = 3147.20, return =-30.98%, ii)-9.05%, iii) +12.88%, iv) +34.81%,v)+56.74% 1. Loan=7500, equity =4500, assets=cash=12,000 2. 81.82% 3. 20% 4. 29.63 1. 133.33% 2. 68% 3. 13.5% 4. wipes out equity completely 1. +50% 2. -50% 7. Chapter 6 - Portfolio1. Calculate the average return of the following portfolio InvestmentAvg. ReturnAmount investedStocks 15%$100,000Bonds 5%50,000Real estate10% 250,0002. Assume you are considering a portfolio containing two assets, A and B. Asset A will represent 45% of the dollar value of the portfolio, and asset B will account for the other 55%. The expected returns over next 6 years, 2009-2014, for each of these assets are summarized in the following table.Year Return on A Return on B 200913%20%201013 19201115 15201216 13201316 12201420 113. 1. Calculate the average return and standard deviation of returns for Assets A and B. 2. Find the portfolios expected return for EACH of the 6 years. 3. Calculate the (arithmetic) average expected portfolio return, over the 6-year period. 4. Calculate the standard deviation of expected portfolio returns, over the 6-yearperiod. 5. How would you characterize the correlation of the returns of the two assets A and B(no calculations are necessary)? 6. Discuss any benefits of diversification achieved through creation of the portfolio.4. You have been asked for your advice in selecting a portfolio of assets and have been supplied with the following future expected return data. 8. YearAssetAssetAssetPQR 200910%14%9%201012 12 12201114 10 155. You have been told that you can create 2 portfoliosone consisting of assets P and Q and the other consisting of assets P and Rby investing equal proportions (50%) in each of the 2 component assets. 1. What is the (arithmetic) average expected return for each asset over the 3-year period? 2. What is the standard deviation of returns for each asset? 3. What is the average for each of the two portfolios? 4. What is the standard deviation of returns for each portfolio? 5. How would you characterize the correlations of the 2 assets making up each of the 2 portfolios (no calculations are necessary)? 6. Which portfolio do you recommend? Why?6. Referring to the above problem, what would happen of you constructed a portfolio consisting of assets P, Q, and R, equally weighted? Would this reduce risk or enhance return?7. Assume you wish to evaluate the risk and return behaviors associated with the various combinations of assets A and B under three assumed degrees of correlation: perfect positive, uncorrelated, and perfect negative. The following average return and risk values were calculated for these assets. Asset Avg ReturnRisk (StdDeviation) A 86 B 12 10 1. If the returns of assets A and B are perfectly positively correlated (correlationcoefficient = +1), what is the range of return and risk for all possible portfoliocombinations. 2. If the returns of assets A and B are uncorrelated (correlation coefficient =0),describe the approximate range of return and risk for all possible portfoliocombinations. 3. If the returns of assets A and B are perfectly negatively correlated (correlationcoefficient = -1), describe the range of return and risk for all possible portfoliocombinations. 9. 8. You are evaluating 2 possible stock investments, Sprinkles Co. and Jimmies Corp.Sprinkles Co. has an average return of 15%, and a beta of 1. Jimmies Corp. has anaverage return of 15%, and a beta of 1.3. Based only on this data, which stock should youbuy and why?9. Referring to above problem, if you expected a significant market rally, would yourdecision be altered? Explain.10. Assume you have a portfolio of $25,000 invested in each of Investment P, Q, and R.What is your portfolio beta? Betas for securities P, Q, and R are as shown below:SecurityBetaP 1.30 Q 0.50R -0.8011. Calculate the beta of the following portfolio. Stock Amt invested Beta ABC $1,0001.1JKL 3,0000.6 PQR7,0001.4 XYZ9,0000.912. Use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to find the required return for each of thefollowing securities in light of the data given.Security Risk-freeReturn onBeta ratemarket P6% 9%1.20 Q 912 0.85 R1014 -0.30 S1116 1.00 T 813 0.7013. Mark is reviewing his portfolio of investments, which include certain stocks and bonds.He has large amount tied up in the risk free rate of 3%. He is considering moving some ofhis funds from the risk free rate into a stock. The stock has a beta of 1.20. If Mark expectsa return of 12% from the stock (a little better than the current market return of 10%),should he buy the stocks or leave his funds in the risk free asset? 10. 14. Portfolios A through J, which are listed in the following table along with their returns[r(p)] and risk (measured by the standard deviation), represent all currently availableportfolios in the feasible or attainable set.PortfolioAvgRisk (Std Dev)ReturnA 9% 7%B4 9C 1210D 1514E810F 12 8G 1016H712I911J 1012 1. Plot the feasible or attainable set represented by these data on a set of portfolio risk(x-axis) and portfolio return (y-axis). 2. Approximate the efficient frontier on the graph in part a. 3. Which portfolios lie on the efficient frontier? Why do these portfolios dominate allothers in the feasible or attainable set? 4. How would an investors utility function or risk-indifference curves be used withthe efficient frontier to find the optional portfolio?15. The following tables present returns on a pair of stocks for five periods. Without doingany calculations, can you characterize the correlation that would best describe therelationship between these pairs of stocks? Your choices are: (a) correlation is -1, (b)correlation is negative, (c) correlation is zero, (d) correlation is positive, and (e) correlation is +1 11. (i)(ii) Period Stock A Stock BPeriod Stock C Stock D 12%4%110%2 2 6122 22 3-2 -4 3 86 410 20 4 46 5 5 10 5 6 10(iii) (iv)Period Stock E Stock F Period Stock G Stock H110%-10% 110%2%2 6-62 0 13-5 53-424 0 041245-2 25-8-116. A professional money manager is considering two investments. The first is a stock andthe second is a bond. The average return and risk of the securities is shown below: Asset Avg returnStd Dev Stock15% 35% Bond 820 1. Suppose the correlation between the securities is 0.7. Draw the investmentopportunity set of the two securities. To do this, very the weights applied to thestock in the bond from zero to 100% in increments of 25%. Determine the averagereturn and risk of each combination and plot the results on a graph. 2. Repeat question a. assuming the correlation between the securities is -0.3. 3. What is the impact of the difference in the correlation coefficient?17. Calculate the beta of a security if investors demand and return of 11%, the risk free rate is5%, and the market risk premium is 3%.18. You are given that the beta of a stock is 0.6, the risk free rate is 7%, and the market riskpremium is 5%. 1. Draw the security market line for this situation. 2. A stock analyst estimates that, based on the future prospects of the company, the stock is expected to earn 9%. Plot this stock on the graph and evaluate the attractiveness of this stock. 12. Answers 1. 10.625% 2. parts 1-4 (see below), parts 5-6. Note that as A goes up, B goes down correlation isnegative. Therefore, there appear to be some diversification benefits. Risk goes downquite a bit with little change to average return. Year Return on A Return on B Portfolio2009 13%20% 16.85 2010 131916.3 2011 151515.00 2012 161314.35 2013 161213.80 2014 201115.05 Avg 15.5015.00 15.23 Std Dev 2.59 3.741.16 3. Parts 1-4 see below, parts 5-6 The correlation between PQ is -1, while the correlationbetween PR =+1. Therefore, there are no diversification benefits for PR note that therisk is the average risk of the individual securities (this only works when correlation =+1). There is perfect diversification for PQ since correlation = -1. Year Asset P Asset Asset RPQ PRQ200910%14% 9%129.5 2010 12 12 12 1212 2011 14 10 15 1214.5 Avg 12 1212 12 12 Std DEv 223 0 2.5 4. Doesnt enhance return and risk is not zero YearAsset P Asset Asset R PQRQ200910%14%9% 11 2010 1212 1212 2011 1410 1513 Avg 12 Std DEv 1 5. average returns are always between 8 and 12% regardless of correlation. The moreinvested in A the more the return is toward 8%. 13. 1. when correlation = +1, there are no diversification benefits. The risk will be between the risk of the individual securities between 6-10%2. if correlation = 0, the risk may fall below the 6% (the less risky security) but the risk will never be zero. Also, the risk will never be above 10% (the most risky security).3. if correlation = -1, there is one portfolio with A and B that actually eliminates risk completely (std dev = 0). So risk is between zero and 10%.6. Jimmies should offer a higher return since it is riskier (its beta = 1.3). Since Sprinklesoffers higher return for lower risk, choose Sprinkles.7. If you were completely clairvoyant and you could perfectly predict when a rally wascoming, you might pick the stocks that are likely to rally the most. Beta is a measure ofthe sensitivity of a stocks return to changes in the market. If the beta of Jimmies is 1.3,then it is expected to move more than the market.8. 0.33339. 1.0410. r(P)=9.6%, r(Q)=11.55%, r(R)=8.8%, r(S)=16%, r(T)=11.5%11. He should invest. CAPM say return should be 3 +1.2*(10-3)=11.4. If he expects 12%return, it more than compensates for the risk in the security.12. Efficient portfolios are the ones that offer the highest return for each level of risk. A, D,and F offer the highest returns for their level of risk. Note that there are some portfolioswhich can be formed by combining D & F. Combining D & F would dominate all otherportfolios given. Note that portfolio G will not be chosen since F offers higher return forless risk. 14. 13.(i) correlation = +1, (ii) correlation is negative, (iii) correlation is -1, (iv) correlationis positive14. If correlation =0.7Stock Bond Return Risk 0%100% 8.00% 20.00% 2575 9.7522.03 5050 11.50 25.52 7525 13.25 29.96 100 015.00 35.00If Correlation = -0.3Stoc Bon Retur Riskk dn 0% 100 8.00 20.00% % % 25 75 9.75 14.93 50 50 11.5 17.36 0 75 25 13.2 25.21 5 100 015.0 35.00 0 15. 15. 2.0016. stock is expected to earn less than required (9%