Chapter 29: Chapter 29: The Countries of The Countries of

South AsiaSouth Asia

Section 1: Road to IndependenceSection 1: Road to Independence

Pg. 607-608Pg. 607-608

British Rule: British Rule: ImprovementsImprovements

Ended slaveryEnded slavery Improved schoolsImproved schools Built railroadsBuilt railroads

Indian Textile IndustryIndian Textile Industry Before British rule, India had a very Before British rule, India had a very

successful textile industrysuccessful textile industry Britain wanted to use India as a market Britain wanted to use India as a market

for their machine-made textilesfor their machine-made textiles ColonialismColonialism

Imported raw cotton from IndiaImported raw cotton from India Made it into cloth in BritainMade it into cloth in Britain Shipped finished product back to IndiaShipped finished product back to India

Millions of Indian textile workers lost their Millions of Indian textile workers lost their jobsjobs

Colonialism and Colonialism and InequalityInequality

British did not treat Indians as equalsBritish did not treat Indians as equals In the government and in the army, In the government and in the army,

British officials were in all positions of British officials were in all positions of powerpower

Indians could only serve under British Indians could only serve under British officialsofficials

Resistance to British RuleResistance to British Rule

Late 1880s: NationalismLate 1880s: Nationalism 1885: Indian National Congress1885: Indian National Congress 1906: Muslim League1906: Muslim League Western ideas spreads among India’s Western ideas spreads among India’s

middle classmiddle class Individual rightsIndividual rights Self-governmentSelf-government

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi

Nonviolent ResistanceNonviolent Resistance BoycottBoycott

British clothingBritish clothing Government agencies, such as courts of Government agencies, such as courts of

lawlaw NoncooperationNoncooperation

Indians in public office resignedIndians in public office resigned Indian children were withdrawn from Indian children were withdrawn from

government schoolsgovernment schools Indians sat in streets to block traffic Indians sat in streets to block traffic

Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience Salt march Salt march Refusal to pay British taxesRefusal to pay British taxes

1930: Salt March1930: Salt March

India is a peninsula: India is a peninsula: surrounded on 3 sides surrounded on 3 sides by waterby water Ocean: Salt waterOcean: Salt water

Britain taxed salt even Britain taxed salt even though it was native to though it was native to IndiaIndia

Illegal for Indians to Illegal for Indians to collect their own saltcollect their own salt

Independence MovementIndependence Movement Mass movementMass movement Millions of IndiansMillions of Indians Gandhi: committed to nonviolenceGandhi: committed to nonviolence Some protests led to riotsSome protests led to riots

Hundreds of people were killed or hurtHundreds of people were killed or hurt 1935: Britain was forced to allow self-rule in 1935: Britain was forced to allow self-rule in

certain provinces in Indiacertain provinces in India

QuestionsQuestions1.1. What 3 types of nonviolent resistance What 3 types of nonviolent resistance

did Gandhi and his followers use?did Gandhi and his followers use?

2.2. Why was nonviolent resistance Why was nonviolent resistance successful?successful?

3.3. What advantages did the Indian What advantages did the Indian Independence Movement have?Independence Movement have?

4.4. Why do you think Gandhi labeled the Why do you think Gandhi labeled the acts of nonviolent resistance as acts of nonviolent resistance as “weapons” against British rule?“weapons” against British rule?