chapter 28 section 2 world war ii

8/13/2019 Chapter 28 Section 2 World War II

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Chapter 28: World War IISection 2: World War II

(1939-1945)

By Dallin F. Hardy



Axis powersMajor

GermanyItalyJapan

MinorHungaryRomaniaSlovakiaBulgaria

Yugoslavia

Croatia



Allied PowersMajor

United KingdomFranceSoviet UnionUnited States

Minor AustraliaNew ZealandCanada



BlitzkriegLightening War

PlanesClose air support

Tanks



Germany Invades1940

AprilDenmarkNorway

MayHolland

BelgiumLuxemburg



The Phony WarOctober 1939- May 1940

Little force was used bythe Germans



DunkirkTrapped forcesBritishFrench

French portEnglish Channel



Evacuation of DunkirkResulted in saving

British200,000

French10,000



Invasion of FranceGermany took

ParisJune 22, 1940



Battle of BritainJuly 1940-May 1941

Germany planned toinvadeOperation Sea LionStarted with an air attack



Winston Churchill1940-1945

Prime Minister of Britain

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/LW-post.jpg



LuftwaffeGerman Air force

MostPowerfulModernExperienced

Attacked

British AirfieldsFighter planes

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/LW-post.jpg



Heinkel He 111Medium bomber



Junkers Ju 87



Germany attackedGreat Britain using its

Luftwaffe



Royal Air ForceRAF

Defenders of Britain



SpitfireBritish single seat

fighter



Hawker HurricaneFighter



“we shall fight in France we shall



we shall fight in France, we shallfight on the seas and oceans, weshall fight with growing confidenceand growing strength in the air, weshall defend our Island, whateverthe cost may be, we shall fight onthe beaches, we shall fight on thelanding grounds, we shall fight inthe fields and in the streets, weshall fight in the hills; we shallnever surrender, and even if,which I do not for a momentbelieve, this Island or a large partof it were subjugated and starving,then our Empire beyond the seas,armed and guarded by the BritishFleet, would carry on the struggle,until, in God's good time, the NewWorld, with all its power and

might, steps forth to the rescueand the liberation of the old.” Winston Churchill

“we shall fight in France we shall



we shall fight in France, we shallfight on the seas and oceans, weshall fight with growing confidenceand growing strength in the air, weshall defend our Island, whateverthe cost may be, we shall fight on

the beaches, we shall fight on thelanding grounds, we shall fight inthe fields and in the streets, weshall fight in the hills; we shallnever surrender, and even if,which I do not for a momentbelieve, this Island or a large partof it were subjugated and starving,then our Empire beyond the seas,armed and guarded by the BritishFleet, would carry on the struggle,until, in God's good time, the NewWorld, with all its power and

might, steps forth to the rescueand the liberation of the old.” Winston Churchill



Bombing of LondonSeptember, 1940-May1941Germany

Switched tacticsTargeted civilians

Killed43,000 people

DestroyedOver a million houses



English childrenWere re-located to thecountry side



“Never in the field ofhuman conflict was so

much owed by so manyto so few.” Winston Churchill



“Let us therefore braceourselves to our duties,and so bear ourselvesthat, if the British Empireand its Commonwealthlast for a thousand years,men will still say, "Thiswas their finest hour."

Winston Churchill



“Let us therefore braceourselves to our duties,and so bear ourselvesthat, if the British Empire

and its Commonwealthlast for a thousand years,men will still say, "Thiswas their finest hour."

Winston Churchill



British AdvantagesWell trained pilots

CommunicationsRadar

Faster fighter planesSpitfireHurricane



Churchill & RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt

President of the UnitedStates

1933-1945

Sought U.S. involvement inWWII

Americans “Isolationists”

Non-interventionist

83%Were against participationin the war



“I have said this before,but I shall say it again

and again and again: Your boys are not goingto be sent into anyforeign wars.”

Franklin D. Roosevelt1940



Tyler Kent1940Code clerk

American embassy

DiscoveredSecret dispatches

ChurchillRoosevelt

Sought to bring U.S.into the war

Sought to alert AmericansCaught

Imprisoned during the war



United States Support

SuppliedMilitaryMunitionsIntelligence

TradedWarships for militarybases

EstablishedConvoys

All of which was an actof war

GermanyDeclined to declare waron the U.S.



The Lend-Lease ActMarch 1941



Invasion of Russia1941

HitlerSought “Lebensraum”

UkraineTo avoid a two front war

Felt that Britain had beenSubdued



“We have only to kick inthe door and the wholerotten structure willcome crashing down.”

Adolf Hitler



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/15/Eastern_Front_1941-06_to_1941-09.png



The Battle of Moscow1941

October-December

German troops Arrived outside of the city



MorozkoRussian

Old Man WinterGeneral WinterGeneral Snow

5 MonthsNovember-March-22 F



Great Northern War1700Sweden invaded

17,000 Casualties

Napoleon's invasion1812

525,000 Casualties

Germany’s invasion 1941

734,000



ResultsGerman defeat

CasualtiesGermany

582,000

Soviet UnionCasualties

1.3 Million

http://www.johmann.net/commentary/barbarossa.html



The Eastern Front1941-1945Germany

2 Front War1944

“War of Extermination” The Biggest theatre ofwar in human history

30 Million killedMostly civilians



BismarckSank the Hood

May 24, 1941

Of the British NavyPrideFlagship

“Sink the Bismarck ” Winston Churchill



We'll find that german battleshipThat's makin' such a fussWe gotta sink the Bismark'Cause the world depends on us

Hit the decks a-runnin' boys And spin those guns aroundWhen we find the Bismark we gotta cuther down



The Hood found the Bismark and on that fatal dayThe Bismark started firin' fifteen miles awayWe gotta sink the Bismark was the battle soundBut when the smoke had cleared awayThe mighty Hood went down

For six long days and weary nightsThey tried to find her trailChurchill told the people put ev'ry ship a-sail'Cause somewhere on that oceanI know she's gotta be

We gotta sink the Bismark to the bottom of the sea



We'll find that german battleshipThat's makin' such a fussWe gotta sink the Bismark'Cause the world depends on usHit the decks a-runnin' boys

And spin those guns aroundWhen we find the Bismark we

gotta cut her down



The fog was gone the seventh day And they saw the mornin' sunTen hours away from homelandThe Bismark made its runThe admiral of the british fleet saidTurn those bows aroundWe found that german battleship

And we're gonna cut her down



We found that german battleshipWas makin' such a fussWe had to sink the Bismark'Cause the world depends on usWe hit the deck a-runnin' andWe spun those guns aroundWe found the mighty Bismark

And then we cut her down



Capture of U-110May 1941Captured the German

Enigma Machine

http://www.ilord.com/images/enigma/open-lid-1000.jpg

http://www.ilord.com/images/enigma/plugboard-1000.jpg



http://www.slivka.com/Trips/Evanston2001-06/pics/06110028.jpg

http://www.slivka.com/Trips/Evanston2001-06/pics/06110028.jpg

http://www.ilord.com/images/enigma/plugboard-1000.jpg



“Our Empire, for the

purpose of self-defenseand self-preservation,will completepreparations for war ...

[and is] ... resolved togo to war with theUnited States, GreatBritain and theNetherlands ifnecessary.”

Hirohito



http://www.drublair.com/pearlharbor.html





http://www.littleaeroplanefactory.com/art/stokes/wwii_axis_aircraft/battleship.htm



http://www.aviatorart.com/taylor/morning.htm





http://www.airartnw.com/rememberingph.htm



ResultsJapanese Victory



p yUnited States

Declares war on JapanEnters WWII

United StatesCasualties

2,335 Killed1,143 Wounded8 Battleships188 Planes

JapanCasualties

64 Killed29 Planes



Did FDR know about theJapanese attack on PearlHarbor?

http://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/world_war_2_photos/images/ww2_126.jpg



“The question was howwe should maneuverthem [the Japanese] intothe position of firing thefirst shot….”

Henry StimsonSecretary of War



December 11, 1941GermanyItaly

Declare war on the UnitedStates



The Doolittle Raid April 18, 1942First U.S. air raid againstthe Japanese



Status of 1942German Submarines

Sank ships faster thanthe Allies could makethem

GermanyControlled most ofEurope



JapaneseSeized

Guam

Wake IslandHong KongSingapore



Allied FocusEuropean Theatre

United States NavyPacific

Still engaged the Japanese



U.S. Aircraft CarriersSurvived the bombing

Pearl Harbor



Battle of MidwayJune 4-7, 1942Pacific theatre of war

Midway Islands

United States attackedJapanese



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Midway_Atoll.jpg



SBD’s



Torpedo Boat



Destroyer



Battleship



Carrier



USS Yorktown



USS Enterprise



ResultsUnited States victoryHampered the Japaneseoffensive

United StatesCasualties307 Killed1 Carrier1 Destroyer

JapaneseCasualties

3,057 Killed4 Carriers1 Cruiser228 Planes



North AfricaBritish and Americanforces

Pushed back theGermans

Tanks



Soviet Union



T-37



T-38



T-34



T-50



T-70

B iti h T k



British Tanks

M7 Priest



Hobart’s Funnies



M3 Lee



M4 Sherman



Sherman DD



M24



M10 WolverineTank Destroyer



M26 Pershing



Panzer I

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Panzerkampfwagen_I_Ausf._A.jpg



Panzer V Panther



Panzer VI Tiger1942-1945Thick armor

Large main gun



Battle of El AlameinOctober 1942British General

Bernard MontgomeryLed the 8 th Army

Against Germans inEgypt



General Erwin RommelLed the German AfrikaKorps

“Desert Fox”



Results Allied VictoryTurning point in the deserttheatre of war

Great BritainCasualties

13,500 Killed/Wounded500 Tanks

GermanyCasualties

20,000 Killed/Wounded30,000 Captured



Erwin RommelGerman GeneralForces were pushed back

to Tunisia



Operation Torch1942British-American invasion

North Africa



Dwight D. EisenhowerCommanded Americantroops

Morocco Algeria



May 1943General Rommel’s forcessurrendered

Tunisia

Allied Advances in Europe



ItaliansOverthrew

Benito MussoliniShotHanged with piano wire

New government sidedwith the Allies



September 1943 Allied forces invade Italy



Liberation of RomeJune 4, 1944First European capitol to

be freed



The Battle of Stalingrad August 21, 1941-February 2, 1943

Soviet RussiaGerman siegeCould be

The bloodiest battle in

human history



24 HoursLife expectancy of aSoviet soldier



Besiegers Become theBesieged

1942

German 6th

armyCompletely surroundedby Soviet troops



ResultsSoviet VictoryBloodiest battle in history

The turning point of

World War IIGermanyCasualties

740,000 Killed/Wounded110,000 Captured

Soviet UnionCasualties

1 Million Killed40,000 Civilian dead



Soviet forces pushed theGermans westwardStalin

Sought aWestern Front



Dwight D. EisenhowerCommander of Alliedforces in Europe

By June 19443 Million troops wereready to cross

The English Channel

You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we

have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are uponyou. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywheremarch with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of theGerman war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over theoppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a freeworld



world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, wellequipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazitriumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon theGermans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our airoffensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and theircapacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have givenus an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war,and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men.The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marchingtogether to Victory!I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in

battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!Good Luck! and Let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty Godupon this great and noble undertaking.



“Atlantic Wall” German fortifications tooppose an Allied invasion

Mined beachesBarbed wireMachine guns

Anti-tank walls



June 6, 1944D-DayOperation Overlord

4,000 ships carried theinvasion force to FranceLanded on the beaches ofNormandy1,000,000 Soldiers



Battle of NormandyJune 6, 1944

Allied invasion of Europe

Largest Sea invasion inhistoryBeaches

Omaha

Utah

Air invasion101 st AirborneUsed



ParatroopersGliders



l



Results Allied victory Allies gained footholdin EuropeTurning Point

Western front

Casualties

Allies10,000

Axis9,000



Lib i f P i



Liberation of Paris August 25, 19444 years

Under Nazi rule

Ad G



Advance on Germany “Operation Cobra” Allies moved east

Berlin



George S Patton



George S. Patton “Old Blood and Guts” Commanded the 3 rd

Army



101 st Airborne division



101 st Airborne divisionTrapped behind enemylines

General PattonPassed the front lines tosave

101 st Airborne DivisionBastogne

Could have takenBerlin



Results



Results Allied VictoryThe last German offensive

AlliedCasualties

90,000

GermanCasualties

85,000

Bombing of Germany



Bombing of Dresden



Bombing of DresdenFebruary 13-15, 1945Killed

250,000 Civilians

By Allied forces

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Dresden_photochrom2.jpg



Dresden 1890

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Dresden_photochrom2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Lancaster_I_NG128_Dropping_Incendiaries_-_Duisburg_-_Oct_14_-_1944.jpg






http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ef/Dresden_Aerial_View_-_February_13_14_1945.jpg



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Sandsteinmauerheidefriedhof.jpg




April 1945



April 1945President Franklin D.Roosevelt

Died

Suffered a CerebralHemorrhage



Battle of Berlin



Battle of Berlin April-May 1945Soviet invasion of thecapital of GermanyExtremely bloody

Results



ResultsSoviet Victory

Set the stage for theCold War

Soviet war crimes100,000 German civilians

RobbedStarvedRapedMurdered



The Death of AdolfHitler

April 30, 1945Committed suicide

CyanideShot himselfBodies

BurnedBuried

With Eva BraunMarried the day before



Germany Surrenders



yMay 7, 1945

V-E Day



yMay 8, 1945

Victory in Europe

Campaign in the Pacific



p gUnited States objectives

RegainPhilippines

JapanIsland hopping

Capturing someGoing around others

General Douglas



gMacArthur

October 1944Returned to the Philippines

February 1945Captured Manila

United States forces



CapturedIwo JimaOkinawa



Kamikaze



Japanese pilotsSuicide missions

Planes full of explosives



Question of Invasion?



JapanPossible results

1,000,000 American

deathsMillions of Civilian deaths

The Manhattan Project



1942-1946Development of the first

Atomic weapons

J. Robert Oppenheimer



Later discovered to beCommunistSupplied Soviets

With classified atomicsecrets

Soviet Union developed Atomic weapons

1949

Trinity Testl



July 16, 1945First nuclear explosion inhistory



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Trinity_fallout.png




The United States had2 W ki t i b b




2 Working atomic bombs “Little Boy” “Fat Man”



Potsdam DeclarationJuly 1945



yTrumanChurchillStalin

Sent Japan amessage

Surrender or face

“prompt and utterdestruction” Japan refused tosurrender

Enola Gay August 6, 1945D d t i



Dropped an atomicbomb on

Hiroshima

Destroyed the cityKilled

70,000



August 14, 1945Japan announced its



Japan announced itssurrender

September 2, 1945Formal surrender



Formal surrenderTokyo BayUSS Missouri



Costs of the War

The deadliest conflictin human history



in human history63 Million people

Military and Civilian

15-20 MillionMilitary deaths

418,500 Americandeaths

Atrocities of War

Civilian Deaths19 Million U.S.S.R.



19 Million U.S.S.R.9 Million China6 Million Holocaust2.5 Million Poland2 Million Germany1.3 Million Yugoslavia

chapter 28 section 2 world war ii

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