Chapter 28Descent into the Abyss: WWI and

the Crisis of the European Global Order

Sam Slonaker, Jeffrey Vickroy, Claire Knipe

Germany’s Arrogance• Economic & Military power rose

• Kaiser Wilhelm II

• Triple Entente - France, Britain, Russia

• Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Alliances and Imperialism

• Imperial rivalries exacerbated alliances

• France tried to expand from Morocco

• Jingoism rose throughout Europe

• Smaller countries were abrasive

• Navy rivalry (Germany and Britain)

Social Unrest

• Strikes

• Socialism

• Trade Unions

• Powers’ reactions

The Outbreak of the War

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary & his

wife, Sophie assassinated July 1914

• Alliances quickly became very relevant

• Armies mobilized July 1914

• Germany had a special plan

Fighting in the Colonies

• Indigenous people

• revealing of the true nature

of Europeans

• doubt of European rule

India

• Independence Movements

• National Congress Party

• British Racism

• British nationalism

• India paid for a lot for British things

India Continued

• religion and nationalism

• B. G. Tilak- Indian nationalist leader

• Hindu communalists

• opened the ways for more moderate

politicians

Gandhi and the Nationalist Struggle

• Indian and WWI

• Montagu- Chlemsford reforms

• Rowlatt Act

• Mohandas Gandhi

• satyagraha

Egypt

• Colonization

• Lord Cromer

• Effendi and Nationalism

• Dinshawai Incident

• Britain harshness

• A hunger for independence

Middle East

• Turkey

• Entente Powers didn’t keep their promises

o Palestine

• Zionist

o Leon Pinsker, Theodor Herzl

o World Zionist Organization

• Conflict between the Arabs and Jews in Palestine

Egyptian Revolt

• WWI

• Wafd Party

o Sa’d Zaghlul

• British withdrawal

• Growing social gap

African Struggle for Independence

• colonizers exploited African raw materials and

people

• pan-African organizations

• negritudeo Leopold Sedar Senghor

• African nationalism

The War in Europe

• Germany attempts to conquer France

• Railway system and big armies

• The Western Front

• The beginning of the Trench Wars

• Fighting in the trenches

The War in the East and in Italy

• Russia was able to mount some offensives

• Austro-Hungary actions involving other

parts of Europe

o Italy, France, and Britain

The Home Fronts in Europe• Support back home, consisted of mixed feelings

o Politicianso Civilians

o Government

• The war gets closer towards the end

The War Outside Europe

• Conflict amongst the nations

o Fighting spread throughout the world

Endgame: The Return of Offensive Warfare

• Germany’s offensives

• Nearing the end of the war

o Central Powers collapsing

Postwar Attitudes

• Italy and Japan wanted advantage

• France felt entitled

• David Lloyd George

• Colonized areas ignored

The Peace of Paris

• Also known as the Treaty of Versailles

• Germany had no say (was targeted)

• Austria was targeted also

• Many fatal flaws

Global Upheavals and Connections

• Political and Economic shift in power

• Social unrest

• Decolonization

Chapter 28 Key Concepts• Resistance to colonialism of the main opposing powers throughout the world made World War 1 a truly global

war.

• Social and Political tensions were exacerbated by imperialist and colonial rivalries, leading to an outbreak of war.

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• Peace attempts failed entirely due to the selfishness of the nations in charge of them.

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• World War 1 was a major turning point in world politics, giving newer nations more power.