chapter 25: the new imperialism

Chapter 25: The New Chapter 25: The New ImperialismImperialism

Section 1: A Western-Dominated WorldSection 1: A Western-Dominated WorldSection 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 3: European Challenges to the Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World Muslim World Section 4: The British Take Over IndiaSection 4: The British Take Over IndiaSection 5: China and the New Section 5: China and the New ImperialismImperialism

Section 1: A Western-Dominated WorldSection 1: A Western-Dominated World

Summary:Summary: Economic, political and military Economic, political and military

interests spurred economic interests spurred economic imperialism in the 1800simperialism in the 1800s


From 1870 until 1914, the major From 1870 until 1914, the major nations of Europe searched for nations of Europe searched for new coloniesnew colonies Their industries needed raw Their industries needed raw

materialsmaterials They also needed markets to sell They also needed markets to sell

their goodstheir goods


Most Europeans favored Most Europeans favored ImperialismImperialism, or , or domination by one domination by one country of the political country of the political and economic life of and economic life of another countryanother country


Soldiers, traders, settlers and Soldiers, traders, settlers and missionaries were most eager to missionaries were most eager to colonize new landscolonize new lands Still, some Europeans were against Still, some Europeans were against

empire-buildingempire-buildingThey said it was wrong to seek They said it was wrong to seek democracy at home, but take democracy at home, but take freedom away from others in foreign freedom away from others in foreign landslands


The western powers had strong The western powers had strong armed forces and new weaponsarmed forces and new weapons They gained lands in Africa and They gained lands in Africa and

Asia with little troubleAsia with little troubleSome countries fought the invaders Some countries fought the invaders but had little successbut had little success


Some western powers set up Some western powers set up colonies and chose officials to colonies and chose officials to rule local peoplerule local people The French used The French used direct-ruledirect-rule

They sent officers from France to run They sent officers from France to run their coloniestheir colonies

The British used The British used indirect-ruleindirect-ruleThey chose local officers who knew They chose local officers who knew the inner workings of the colonies to the inner workings of the colonies to run themrun them


Some powers set up Some powers set up protectoratesprotectorates In a protectorate, the local rulers In a protectorate, the local rulers

stayed in place but European advisors stayed in place but European advisors controlled trade and sent missionariescontrolled trade and sent missionaries


A third form of control was the A third form of control was the sphere of influencesphere of influence In this case, an outside power In this case, an outside power

claimed all rights to make claimed all rights to make investments or conduct tradeinvestments or conduct trade

Section 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of Africa Summary:Summary:

In the late 1800s, European powers In the late 1800s, European powers began colonizing Africabegan colonizing Africa

Section 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of Africa

In the late 1800s, the powers of In the late 1800s, the powers of Europe wanted new coloniesEurope wanted new colonies They turned their attention to They turned their attention to

AfricaAfricaBy 1914, people in all African lands, By 1914, people in all African lands, but Ethiopia & Liberia was subjects of but Ethiopia & Liberia was subjects of foreign ruleforeign rule


Europeans of 1800 knew little of Europeans of 1800 knew little of AfricaAfrica Still, they helped shape its historyStill, they helped shape its history Since the 1500s, traders had sold Since the 1500s, traders had sold

African slavesAfrican slaves At last, in the 1800s, Europe At last, in the 1800s, Europe

outlawed the slave tradeoutlawed the slave trade


Christian missionaries came to Christian missionaries came to Africa to convert people to Africa to convert people to ChristianityChristianity They built churches, schools and They built churches, schools and

clinicsclinicsMissionaries intended to help the Missionaries intended to help the people they came in contact with, but people they came in contact with, but often tried to replace native culture often tried to replace native culture with their ownwith their own

Section 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of Africa Westerners had long traded on Westerners had long traded on

the coasts of Africathe coasts of Africa In the 1800s, explorers went inlandIn the 1800s, explorers went inland The King of Belgium formed a The King of Belgium formed a

company to trade in the Congocompany to trade in the Congo Soon other moved deep into AfricaSoon other moved deep into Africa

These nations wanted to avoid These nations wanted to avoid conflict over African landsconflict over African lands

Section 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of Africa In 1884, they met at a conference In 1884, they met at a conference

in Berlin, Germany (Berlin in Berlin, Germany (Berlin Conference)Conference)

They did not invite any AfricansThey did not invite any Africans The Berlin Conference set the The Berlin Conference set the

rules for colonizing Africarules for colonizing Africa Britain took smaller regions, most of Britain took smaller regions, most of

them rich in resourcesthem rich in resources Belgium, Germany, Italy and Belgium, Germany, Italy and

Portugal also gained landsPortugal also gained lands

Section 2: The Partition of AfricaSection 2: The Partition of Africa In many regions, Africans battled In many regions, Africans battled

these European invadersthese European invaders In 1896, Ethiopia fought off Italian In 1896, Ethiopia fought off Italian

forcesforces It was the only successful fight for It was the only successful fight for freedomfreedom

Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim WorldSection 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World

Summary:Summary: During the 1800s, the Ottoman During the 1800s, the Ottoman

Empire was threatened by Empire was threatened by economic decline, nationalism and economic decline, nationalism and the ambitions of European powersthe ambitions of European powers


In the 1500s, huge Muslim In the 1500s, huge Muslim empires ruled from western empires ruled from western Africa to Southeast AsiaAfrica to Southeast Asia The largest, the Ottoman Empire, The largest, the Ottoman Empire,

stretched across the Middle East, stretched across the Middle East, North Africa, and part of Eastern North Africa, and part of Eastern EuropeEurope


By 1800, the Ottoman Empire By 1800, the Ottoman Empire faced problems that would tear it faced problems that would tear it apartapart Regions talked of breaking from Regions talked of breaking from

the empirethe empireSome Balkan states gained freedom, Some Balkan states gained freedom, and Egypt slipped from Ottoman and Egypt slipped from Ottoman controlcontrol

Revolts shook Arabia, Lebanon and Revolts shook Arabia, Lebanon and ArmeniaArmenia


In the 1890s, Turkish Muslims In the 1890s, Turkish Muslims accursed Christians Armenians of accursed Christians Armenians of supporting plans against the supporting plans against the empireempire The Turks used this as an excuse to The Turks used this as an excuse to

kill tens of thousands of Armenianskill tens of thousands of Armenians


Europe watched the Ottoman Europe watched the Ottoman empire crumble, with Britain, empire crumble, with Britain, France, Germany and Russia all France, Germany and Russia all hoping to gain control of hoping to gain control of Ottoman landsOttoman lands


Egypt in 1800 was on its way to Egypt in 1800 was on its way to becoming a modern nationbecoming a modern nation Its Ottoman governor, Muhammad Its Ottoman governor, Muhammad

Ali, became known as the “father Ali, became known as the “father of Modern Egypt.”of Modern Egypt.”

He built up industry, backed He built up industry, backed irrigation projects and encouraged irrigation projects and encouraged world tradeworld trade


Before Ali died in 1849, Egypt Before Ali died in 1849, Egypt was becoming a power in the was becoming a power in the Middle EastMiddle East Leaders after Ali, however, allowed Leaders after Ali, however, allowed

foreign controlforeign controlBritain gained the Suez in 1875Britain gained the Suez in 1875 In 1882, it made Egypt a protectorateIn 1882, it made Egypt a protectorate


Like the Ottoman Empire, Iran Like the Ottoman Empire, Iran drew interestdrew interest Russia gained some power in the Russia gained some power in the

northnorth Britain gained some in the southBritain gained some in the south

In the early 1900s, the discovery of In the early 1900s, the discovery of oil in Iran upset the balanceoil in Iran upset the balance

The Russians, the British, and Iranian The Russians, the British, and Iranian nationalists all set out to control the nationalists all set out to control the oil fieldsoil fields

Section 5: China and the New ImperialismSection 5: China and the New Imperialism

Reformers felt only a new Reformers felt only a new government could save Chinagovernment could save China In 1911, nationalist leader, Sun In 1911, nationalist leader, Sun

Yixian led a revolution that ended Yixian led a revolution that ended the Qing Dynastythe Qing Dynasty

Section 4: The British Take Over IndiaSection 4: The British Take Over India

Summary:Summary: Following a failed rebellion in 1857, Following a failed rebellion in 1857,

the British Government increased the British Government increased its control of Indiaits control of India


In the 1800s, a trade group called In the 1800s, a trade group called the British East India Company the British East India Company controlled over half of Indiacontrolled over half of India Agents used Indian soldiers, or Agents used Indian soldiers, or

sepoys, to protect their power sepoys, to protect their power They angered the sepoys by ignoring They angered the sepoys by ignoring

Indian customs and demanding that Indian customs and demanding that the soldiers follow rules that were the soldiers follow rules that were against their religionsagainst their religions


In 1857, anger turned into the In 1857, anger turned into the Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion Many lives were lost before Britain Many lives were lost before Britain

crushed the revoltcrushed the revolt Britain saw the East India Company Britain saw the East India Company

could not keep controlcould not keep control In 1858, Britain made India a In 1858, Britain made India a

colony colony


The British tried to solve problems The British tried to solve problems in India, but only caused new onesin India, but only caused new ones Better farming methods and health Better farming methods and health

care sparked a population boom that care sparked a population boom that increased poverty and brought famineincreased poverty and brought famine Imported goods put local industries out Imported goods put local industries out of businessof business

Top jobs went to the BritishTop jobs went to the British It became clear to the Indians that the It became clear to the Indians that the

British looked down on themBritish looked down on them


Sons of upper class Indians often Sons of upper class Indians often went to school in Englandwent to school in England As they learned about democracy, As they learned about democracy,

many began to desire freedom for many began to desire freedom for their own peopletheir own people In 1885, they founded the Indian In 1885, they founded the Indian National Congress (INC)National Congress (INC)


The early 1900s brought The early 1900s brought demands for self-ruledemands for self-rule By 1906, Muslims began to fear the By 1906, Muslims began to fear the

Hindu-run INCHindu-run INCMuslims formed the Muslim League Muslims formed the Muslim League and called for a separate Muslim and called for a separate Muslim statestate


Summary:Summary: During the 1800s, western powers During the 1800s, western powers

used democracy and war to win used democracy and war to win favorable trade agreements with favorable trade agreements with ChinaChina


Since 1644, rulers of the Qing Since 1644, rulers of the Qing Dynasty had isolated ChinaDynasty had isolated China They allowed foreign trade only They allowed foreign trade only

through one small area in southern through one small area in southern ChinaChina In the 1800s, western nations looked In the 1800s, western nations looked to China for trade rights and new to China for trade rights and new markets for goodsmarkets for goods


When British merchants brought When British merchants brought in Opium, the Chinese outlawed in Opium, the Chinese outlawed the drugthe drug In 1839, the Opium War beganIn 1839, the Opium War began Britain quickly won the warBritain quickly won the war China was forced to pay war costs China was forced to pay war costs

and open up ports to British tradeand open up ports to British trade It also had to give Britain the island It also had to give Britain the island

of Hong Kongof Hong Kong


By the mid-1800s, some Chinese By the mid-1800s, some Chinese saw a need to import western ideassaw a need to import western ideas Others, including the Qing rulers, saw Others, including the Qing rulers, saw

new ideas and Christian missionaries new ideas and Christian missionaries as threats to Confucian traditionsas threats to Confucian traditions


Wars and rebellions continued to Wars and rebellions continued to weaken Chinaweaken China In 1850 peasants rose up in the 14-In 1850 peasants rose up in the 14-

year Taiping Rebellionyear Taiping RebellionAt the end of the rebellion, a At the end of the rebellion, a weakened Qing Dynasty still clung to weakened Qing Dynasty still clung to powerpower


In 1868, China lost Taiwan and In 1868, China lost Taiwan and Korea to JapanKorea to Japan The powers of Europe quickly The powers of Europe quickly

gained holds in a weakened Chinagained holds in a weakened China


The United The United States called States called for an for an ““OPEN DOOR POLICY” that gave it equals rights to trade in China

Chapter 25 ReviewChapter 25 Review

Chapter 25 ReviewChapter 25 ReviewSchoolNatives

United States

Chapter 25 ReviewChapter 25 ReviewCauses of Imperialism

Economic Motives

The Industrial Revolution created an insatiable demand for raw materials and new markets.

NationalismEuropean nations wanted to demonstrate their

power and prestige to the world.

Balance of Power

European nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbors and competitors.

White Man's Burden

The Europeans’ sense of superiority made them feel obligated to “civilize the heathen savages” they encountered.

chapter 25: the new imperialism

Documents

westerndominated worldsummary

westerndominated worlda

westerndominated worldsection

westerndominated worldfrom

partition of africain

partition of africasection

european powers

powers of europe