chapter 24 ppt part 2

7/25/2019 Chapter 24 PPT Part 2

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CHEMICAL BURN


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Chemical Burns (1 of 4)

Can occur whenever a toxicsubstance contacts the body

Generally caused by strong acids orstrong alkalis

The eyes are articularly vulnerable!


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Chemical Burns (" of 4)

The severity of the burn is directlyrelated to the#

Tye of chemical

Concentration of the chemical

$uration of the exosure

%ear aroriate chemical&resistantgloves and eye rotection!


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Chemical Burns (' of 4)

anagement

emove anychemical from theatient!

*lways brush drychemicals o+ theskin and clothingbefore ,ushing

with water!

emove theatient-s clothing!


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Chemical Burns (4 of 4)

anagement (cont-d)

.or li/uid chemicals0 immediately beginto ,ush the burned area with lots of

water!

Continue ,ooding the area for 1 to "2minutes after the atient says the

burning ain has stoed! 3f the atient-s eye has been burned0

hold the eyelid oen while ,ooding theeye!


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lectrical Burns (1 of )

ay be the result of contact withhigh& or low&voltage electricity

.or electricity to ,ow0 there must bea comlete circuit between thesource and the ground!

*ny substance that revents this circuit

is called an insulator!

*ny substance that allows a current to,ow is called a conductor!


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lectrical Burns (" of )

The human body is a goodconductor!

The tye of electric current0magnitude of current0 and voltagehave e+ects on the seriousness ofthe burn!

5our safety is of articularimortance!

6ever attemt to remove someonefrom an electrical source unless you are


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lectrical Burns (' of )

* burn in7ury aears where theelectricity enters and exits the body!

Two dangers#There may be a large amount of dee

tissue in7ury!

The atient may go into cardiac orresiratory arrest from the electricshock!


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lectrical Burns (4 of )


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lectrical Burns ( of )

anagement

3f indicated0 begin C8 on the atientand aly an *$!

Be reared to de9brillate if necessary!

Give sulemental oxygen and monitor!

Treat soft&tissue in7uries with dry0 steriledressings!

8rovide romt transort!


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Thermal Burns (1 of ')

Caused by heat

ost commonly0 they are caused by

scalds or an oen ,ame! * ,ame burn is very often a dee burn!

:ot li/uids roduce scald in7uries!

Coming in contact with hot ob7ectsroduces a contact burn!


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Thermal Burns (" of ')

* steam burn can roduce a toicalburn!

* ,ash burn is roduced by anexlosion!

ay brie,y exose a erson to veryintense heat

;ightning strikes can cause a ,ashburn!


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Thermal Burns (' of ')

anagement


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3nhalation Burns (1 of 4)

Can occur when burning takes lacein enclosed saces withoutventilation

=er airway damage is oftenassociated with the inhalation ofsuerheated gases!

;ower airway damage is more oftenassociated with the inhalation ofchemicals and articulate matter!


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3nhalation Burns (" of 4)

5ou may encounter severe uerairway swelling0 re/uiringintervention immediately!

Consider re/uesting *;< backu!

The combustion rocess roduces avariety of toxic gases!


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3nhalation Burns (' of 4)

Carbon monoxide intoxicationshould be considered whenever agrou of eole in the same lace

all reort a headache or nausea!

anagement

.irst ensure your own safety and thesafety of your coworkers!


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3nhalation Burns (4 of 4)

anagement (cont-d)

8rehosital treatment for a atient withsusected hydrogen cyanide oisoning

includes decontamination andsuortive care!

Care for any toxic gas exosure

includes# ecognition

3denti9cation


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adiation Burns (1 of 4)

8otential threats include#

3ncidents related to the use andtransortation of radioactive isotoes

3ntentionally released radioactivity interrorist attacks

5ou must determine if there has

been a radiation exosure and thenwhether ongoing exosure continuesto exist!


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adiation Burns (" of 4)

Three tyes of ioni>ing radiation#

*lha ;ittle enetrating energy0 easily stoed by

the skin

Beta Greater enetrating ower0 but blocked by

simle rotective clothing

Gamma ?ery enetrating0 easily asses through the

body and solid materials


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adiation Burns (' of 4)

ost ioni>ing radiation accidentsinvolve gamma radiation0 or x&rays!

anagement 8atients with a radioactive source on

their body must be initially cared for bya :a>at resonder!

3rrigate oen wounds!

6otify the emergency deartment!


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adiation Burns (4 of 4)

anagement (cont-d)

3dentify the radioactive source and thelength of the atient-s exosure to it!

;imit your duration of exosure!

3ncrease your distance from the source!

*ttemt to lace shielding between

yourself and the sources of gammaradiation!


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8atient *ssessment of Burns

(1 of ") %hen you are assessing a burn0 it is

imortant for you to classify thevictim-s burns!

Classi9cation involves determiningthe#


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8atient *ssessment of Burns

(" of ") 8atient assessment stes

e&u

8rimary assessment

:istory taking


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ard!

echanism of in7uryAnature of illness $etermine the tye of burn that has

been sustained and the @3!


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8rimary *ssessment (1 of )

Begin with a raid scan!

.orm a general imression!

Be susicious of clues that may indicateabuse!

Consider the need for manual sinalstabili>ation!

Check for resonsiveness using the*?8= scale!


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8rimary *ssessment (" of )

*irway and breathing

nsure that the atient has a clear andatent airway!

Be alert to signs that the atient hasinhaled hot gases or vaors#


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8rimary *ssessment (' of )

*irway and breathing (cont-d)

Coious secretions and fre/uentcoughing may indicate a resiratory

burn!

uickly assess for ade/uate breathing!

3nsect and alate the chest wall for

$C*8&BT;


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8rimary *ssessment (4 of )

Circulation

*ssess the ulse rate and /uality!

$etermine erfusion based on theatient-s skin condition0 color0temerature0 and caillary re9ll time!

Control signi9cant bleeding!

*ssess for shock!


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8rimary *ssessment ( of )

Transort decision

Consider /uickly transorting a atientwho has# *n airway or breathing roblem


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:istory Taking (1 of ')

3nvestigate the chief comlaint!

Be alert for signs and symtoms ofother in7uries due to the @3!

Tyical signs of a burn are# 8ain

edness


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:istory Taking (" of ')

3nvestigate the chief comlaint(cont-d)!

egardless of the tye of burn in7ury0 it

is imortant for you to#


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:istory Taking (' of ')


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eassessment (1 of ')

eeat the rimary assessment andreassess the atient-s vital signs!

eassess the chief comlaint!

eevaluate interventions


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eassessment (" of ')

eassess interventions (cont-d)

8rovide raid transort!

@xygen is mandatory for inhalationburns but is also helful in atients withsmaller burns!

3f the atient has signs of

hyoerfusion0 treat aggressively forshock and rovide raid transort!


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eassessment (' of ')

Communication and documentation

8rovide hosital ersonnel with adescrition of how the burn occurred!

3nclude the extent of the burns! *mount of body surface area involved

$eth of the burn

;ocation of the burn $ocument if secial areas are involved!


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mergency edical Carefor Burns


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$ressing and Bandaging (1 of")

*ll wounds re/uirebandaging!


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$ressing and Bandaging (" of")

$ressings and bandages have threefunctions#

To control bleeding

To rotect the wound from furtherdamage

To revent further contamination and

infection


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e ads are aroriate forsmaller wounds!

*dhesive&tye dressings are usefulfor minor wounds!

@cclusive dressings revent air andli/uids from entering (or exiting) thewound!


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Bandages (1 of ')

To kee dressings in lace duringtransort0 you can use#

e

Triangular bandages

*dhesive tae

The self&adherent0 soft rollerbandages are easiest to use!


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Bandages (" of ')

*dhesive tae holds small dressingsin lace and hels to secure largerdressings!

$o not use elastic bandages tosecure dressings!

The bandage may become a tourni/uet

and cause further damage!


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Bandages (' of ')

ingbroken extremities!

Can be used with dressings to hel

control bleeding from soft&tissuein7uries

3f a wound continues to bleed

desite the use of direct ressure0/uickly roceed to the use of atourni/uet!

chapter 24 ppt part 2

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