chapter 23: the coming war...chapter 23: the coming war o japan and italy (allies side) expected...

Chapter 23: The Coming War

OBJECTIVES: Chapter 23:1, Dictators and War

o WHAT: Examine how dictators and militaristic regimes arose in several nations in the 1930s.

o WHAT: Summarize the actions taken by aggressive regimes in Europe and Asia.

o WHAT: Explain the responses of Britain, France, and the United States to these aggressive regimes.

o WHY: 11.7 Students analyze America's participation in World War II.

(Pro 17:15) He that justifieth

the wicked, and he that

condemneth the just, even they

both are abomination to the

LORD.


o WWI ended in November 1918

when the Germans surrendered.

o At Versailles, Britain, France, and

the U.S. made the important

decisions.

o Germany and Russia were not

present.


o Japan and Italy (Allies side) expected more land for their efforts.

o No one was happy with the peace agreement.

o But nations began to move towards democracy and freedom.

o But others became repressive dictatorships.

Rise of Totalitarianism:

o Is a government where a single

party or leader (dictator) controls:

o Economic

o Social

o Cultural lives of its people.

Communist Revolution (1917)

• The first totalitarian State was in

Russia (Soviet Union).

• The Communist leader Vladimir

Lenin created a totalitarian

nation.

• Millions died due to starvation,

famine, and civil war.

• Lenin died in 1924.

Rise of Totalitarianism

• Joseph Stalin led the Soviet Union.

• Stalin means “Man of Steel.”

• Stalin would imprison anyone that

opposed or he thought opposed him

(Great Terror).

• Combination of fear and propaganda

helped Stalin maintain power.

• Millions died based on his policies.


• Italy was disappointed that it did not get more territory after WWI.

• It wanted land from the former Austria-Hungary Empire.

• It also suffered a postwar depression.

• Communist movement grew strong and the government was unable to stop it.


• Benito Mussolini who founded the Fascist Party fought the Communists.

• The Fascist Party is a right-wing organization that trumpeted nationalism and promised to make Italy great again.

• King Emanuel III seeing Mussolini’s effectiveness asked him to form a government.


• Mussolini declared himself leader.

• He outlawed political parties.

• took over the press

• Create a secret police.

• Organize youth groups to indoctrinate

the young.

• Suppressed Strikes.

• He opposed liberalism and socialism.

• Isa_33:22 For the LORD is

our judge, the LORD is our

lawgiver, the LORD is our

king; he will save us.

• 1Jn_4:8 He that loveth not

knoweth not God; for God is

love.

• The exercise of force is

contrary to the principles of

God's government; He desires

only the service of love; and

love cannot be commanded; it

cannot be won by force or

authority. Only by love is love

awakened. To know God is to

love Him.... {Desire of Ages:

22.1}

Aggressive Leaders in Germany and Japan

• After World War I, Germany

became a democracy called the

Weimar Republic.

• Germany suffered severe

economic troubles in the 1920s,

including runaway inflation.

• Many Germans were angry with

the Treaty of Versailles.


• In the 1930s, the worldwide

Great Depression hit the

Weimar Republic hard.

• Worsening problems that

already existed.


o Extreme right wing groups like the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) became popular.

o The Nazi’s promoted German nationalism, and worker’s rights.

o Widespread unemployment, homelessness and hunger led many to embrace the Nazi Party.

o It was led by WWI veteran Adolf Hitler.

Hitler:

• He wrote a national bestselling book in prison called Mein Kampf.

• He was violently anti-Semitic or prejudiced against the Jewish people.

• He preached that the greatest threat against Germany was the Jewish people.

• It added to the existing prejudice for the Jewish religious differences.

Hitler’s Power:

• Was a powerful speaker that captivated the masses.

• Had a secret police that crushed all opposition.

• A State-controlled press that praised his accomplishments.

• State controlled educational system that indoctrinated the youth to think Hitler like a god.

Discussion Question

o What is the significance of totalitarian regimes controlling the media and education system? Why do you think they want to control information?

o Do you think even in the United States, the media is seeking to cause people to think and believe in a certain way especially when it comes to morality and lifestyle?

Hitler’s Economic Policies:

• Including rearmament,

• Massive public works projects.

• These policies ended the

depression in Germany.

Discussion Question

• Why do you think nations like Germany

were ready to embrace leaders like Hitler?

A PERIOD OF PEACE IN JAPAN (1920s)

o The 1920s brought Japan a period of democracy and peace.

o The power of the military was reduced.

o All men now had the right to vote.

o Trade Unions were legalized.

o Diverse political parties were established.

Militarists Gain Power in Japan (1930s)

• The Great Depression ended these reforms.

• Military leaders reasserted their traditional powers.

• To solve economic troubles and security, the military argued to expand throughout all of Asia.

• Japan was technically a Constitutional Monarchy but the Emperor was aloof.

Expansion of the Empire

• In 1931, Japan attacked Manchuria (NE China) and established a puppet state.

• In 1937, Japan invaded China taking control of major railroad links and costal areas.

• Japan entered the city of Nanjing murdering over 200,000 residents.

• It is called “The Rape of Nanjing.”

ACTIVITY

• Have a volunteer become a puppet

government and rest of the class the

nation. Instructor will pull the strings.

Dictators Turn To Aggression

• League of Nations never recovered from America’s refusal to join it.

• It has no standing army and no real power to enforce it decrees.

• Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles by dramatically enlarging the German military.

• No one was able to stop him.

MID-1930s

o Hitler’s goal was to unify all Germanic

people into one State.

o In 1935 he reclaimed Saar region

from French control.

o He sent German troops into the

Rhineland (1936)

o The League of Nations failed to

respond.


• Mussolini in 1935 invaded

Ethiopia.

• Emperor Haile Selassie appealed

to the League for support.

• The organization did nothing.


• Fascist were victorious in a Civil War in Spain.

• Germany and Italy supported Francisco Franco.

• The Spanish Democratic Republic was overthrown.

• The Germans tested their military technology during the War.

• The Allies did nothing.

ACTIVITY:

• Pick a volunteer. Ask them to just take

one potato chip. He/she will ask for more.

And you keep giving it to them

(Appeasement)

APPEASEMENT:

• A Policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope that it would maintain peace.

• This is the policy that France and Britain pursued towards Fascist powers.

• This allowed the Fascist powers to be more bold and aggressive.

Jas_4:7 Submit yourselves

therefore to God. Resist the

devil, and he will flee from you.

U.S. Policy:

o FDR pursued a Good Neighbor Policy with Latin America.

o And better relations with the Soviet Union.

o But did not get involved in German aggression.

o The U.S. embraced isolationism.

o Focused on their own economic troubles rather than what was happening in Europe.

Hitler Takes Advantage:

• In 1938 annexed Austria

(Anschluss)

• Took Sudetenland (Part of

Western Czechoslovakia)

• Largely populated by ethnic

Germans.

Munich Conference:

o British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French premiere Daladier allowed Hitler to take Sudetenland.

o They believed that this will preserve the peace.

o Chamberlain believed that the Munich Pact would lead to peace, he was wrong.

Discussion Question

• What would you have done differently if

you were in the position of Britain, France,

and the United States in dealing with

Hitler?


OBJECTIVES: Learning About the Holocaust

o WHAT: Trace the roots and progress of Hitler’s campaign against the Jews.

o WHAT: The goals of Hitler’s Final Solution.

o WHAT: Examine how the United States responded to the Holocaust.


Eph_5:11 And have no

fellowship with the unfruitful

works of darkness, but rather

reprove them.

Hitler Blames Jews:

o For all the ills of Germany

o Communism

o Inflation

o Abstract Painting

o The German defeat of WWI

Economic Persecution of Jews:

o It was first economic persecution.

o Hitler urged a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.

o Barred Jews from jobs in Civil Service

o Banking

o Stock Exchange

o Law

o Journalism

o Medicine.

SOCIAL PERSECUTION

• Banned marriage between Jews

and non-Jews (1935).

• Segregated Jews.

• Hitler’s total control of German

society fueled hate of Jews

through propaganda.

The Holocaust

• This was the building blocks for

the Holocaust.

• It is the Nazi attempt to kill all

Jews under their control.

• Nazi’s believed that Aryans

(White, German, Nordic, and

Anglo Saxons) were superior to

other people.

1936 OLYMPICS (BERLIN)

• In the 1936 Olympics in Berlin

Germany, Jesse Owens and

Sohn Kee Chung disproved

that theory by winning

Olympic Gold.

• Mack Robinson, Jackie

Robinson’s brother won a

silver medal.

• Rom_10:12 For there is no

difference between the Jew

and the Greek: for the same

Lord over all is rich unto all

that call upon him.

• Joh_13:34 A new

commandment I give unto

you, That ye love one another;

as I have loved you, that ye

also love one another.

Violence Erupts on Kristallnacht

• On November 9, 1938,

Kristallnacht or night of the

broken glass.

• After a Jewish refugee killed

a German diplomat in Paris.

• Nazi officials ordered attacks

on Jews in Germany, Austria,

and Sudetenland.

FLEEING GERMANY (1933-1937)

• 129,000 Jews fled

Germany and Nazi

controlled Austria.

• Included were notable

scientists and artists

including Albert Einstein.

Closing Door For Freedom:

• The St. Louis departed Germany for Cuba with 900 Jewish refugees.

• 22 passengers were permitted to stay.

• The ship returned to Germany.

• Almost 600 Jews onboard the ship died in concentration camps.

Reason For Doors Closed for Jews In U.S.

o Anti-Semitism

o Apathy

o Preoccupied with the

Great Depression.

o Underestimate Hitler’s

Genocidal Plans.

Discussion Question

• Do you think the United States should

accept refugees freely from dangerous

nations such as Syria even though there

maybe a possibility for ISIS to pretend to

be refugees to attack the U.S.?

• “And if a stranger sojourn with

thee in your land, ye shall not vex

him. But the stranger that

dwelleth with you shall be unto

you as one born among you, and

thou shalt love him as thyself; for

ye were strangers in the land of

Egypt: I am the LORD your God.”

Leviticus 19:33-34

THE FINAL SOLUTION:

• Nazi plan to systematic

extermination of all Jews living

in the region.

• Today we call such wilful

annihilation of a racial, political,

or cultural group as genocide.

Concentration Camps

o In 1933, the first concentration camp was opened to confine Jews.

o It was the year Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.

o Also imprisoned were anyone who opposed Hitler.

o Including “undesirables” (Gypsies, Jehovah Witnesses, homosexuals, physical disabled)

Discussion Question

• Should nations around the world get

involved and use whatever methods to try

to stop genocide from happening,

including sending troops?

• “Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart." Zechariah 7:9-10.


OBJECTIVES: Chapter 23:2: From Isolation To Involvement

o WHAT: Explain the course of the early years of World War II in Europe.

o WHAT: Describe FDR’s foreign policy in the mid-1930s and the great debate between interventionists and isolationists.

o WHAT: Explain how the United States became more involved in the conflict.


(Mat 5:42) Give to him that

asketh thee, and from him that

would borrow of thee turn not

thou away.

Rising Tensions:

o Japan sunk a American gunboat Panay in China killing three Americans.

o In October 5, 1937, FDR spoke out against Japanese aggression in Asia.

o FDR stated that no part of the world was isolated from the rest of the world.

o FDR was heavily criticized for his speech.

o But it marked U.S. concern over Japan’s actions.

Britain and France Take Action:

o Both nations realized that they must halt the German expansion.

o Poland would be the next target.

o Both nations signed an alliance with Poland.

o Promising aid if Hitler attacked.

Nonaggression Pact:

o Hitler did not want to fight a two front war.

o A Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact was signed on August 23, 1939.

o The nations promised not to attack each other

o And secretly agreed to invade and divide up Poland for themselves.

o The agreement shocked the West and revealed that Poland would be soon invaded.

War Begins with Blitzkrieg

• On September 1, 1939, Germany started a massive invasion of Poland.

• This began WWII.

• The massive invasion of troops, tanks, and bombers coordinated to attack quickly was called Blitzkrieg.

• The Soviet Union invaded from the East.

• Poland fell in a month.

War Begins

o France and Britain declared

war against Germany, but

they did nothing to help

save Poland.

o After 21 years, Europe was

at war again.

The Two Sides:

• The Axis Powers eventually

included Germany, Italy,

Japan, and several other

nations.

• The Allies included Britain,

France, and eventually, many

other nations, including the

Soviet Union, the U.S., and

China.

War Begins

• After eight months of quiet,

Germany attacked and

conquered Denmark and

Norway (April 9, 1940).

• Netherland, Belgium, and

Luxembourg fell the following

month.

• France was the next target.

France Next.

• France thought the Germans would invade through Belgium like in WWI.

• France sent its best army to defend that area.

• Instead the Germans invaded through a hilly forested area (Ardennes).

• Military experts thought that German troops could not invade through there.

France Next.

• The allies were caught by surprise.

• British and French forces were trapped in a area near the English Channel in Dunkirk.

• They were vulnerable of being wiped out.

• But Germany stalled its advance, allowing the Allies time to evacuate to Great Britain (338,000)

• This was called the Miracle of Dunkirk.

1Co_10:13 There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it.

Paris Falls

o Paris fell to the Nazis.

o France fell in 35 days to the Nazis.

o The French surrendered on the same railway car the Germans surrendered to the French in WWI (1918).

o France was divided into two sections.

o Northern France was controlled by the Germans and called occupied France.

o The Southern section was controlled by the French known as Vichy France.

o Officially neutral, they collaborated with the Nazis.

The Battle of Britain

• Hitler then sent his forces after Britain.

• The invasion was by air called Operation Sea Lion.

• The German Airforce sought to destroy the British Royal Air Force and gain control over the skies.

• They bombed Civilian and Military targets in a month long blitz.

The Battle of Britain

• New British Prime Minister Winston

Churchill inspired the people to

hold their ground.

• The British Royal Airforce shot

down 1,700 German planes while

losing 1,000.

• London remained defiant to the

attacks.

American Debates Intervention

o The majority of Americans opposed U.S. intervention.

o The American public was focused on the Great Depression and domestic affairs.

o Many also believed that WWI was a deadly mistake and pointless with the rise of Fascism in Europe.

o FDR however shared Churchill’s concerns about Germany.

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

• Congress passes Neutrality Acts.

• Americans were banned from sailing on ships owned by nations at war.

• Banned selling weapons or giving financial loans to all nations that were fighting in the war.

• FDR was Anti-Nazi and wanted to help the Allies but was confined by the neutrality acts.

Cash and Carry Demonstration

• Two volunteers. One holding a British flag

comes across the classroom to an

American volunteer holding a American

flag. American gives the British guns and

rifles. The British then goes back to

Britain.

Cash and Carry Provision

• Congress agreed and passed the

Neutrality Act of 1939.

• This allowed a nation in the war to

buy goods and arms in the U.S.

• If they paid and carried the

merchandise on their own ships.

• The British Navy controlled the

seas, this aided the allies.

American Debates Intervention

• Many Americans disagreed with

FDR openly pro-allied positions.

• They believed it violated

American neutrality.

• Draw the U.S. into the war.

• A great debate between

isolationists and interventionists.

Isolationist viewpoint.

• U.S. should avoid alliances with other nations.

• Focus on issues at home such as the Depression.

• Complete neutrality was the path to keep the U.S. safe.

• Intervention will repeat the mistakes of WWI.

• Charles Lindbergh believed that the Soviets and Japanese were the real threats and not Western Europe.

Interventionists Viewpoint

• The U.S. should work with other nations to promote collective security.

• Axis aggressions were wrong and threatened American interests.

• The U.S. should aid the Allies, who were fighting for democracy and freedom.

• The U.S. should put pressure on the Axis powers and prepare for war.

Preparing For War

• Edward R. Murrow a CBS

reporter brought first-hand

accounts on the blitz in London.

• Describing the bombing of

Civilians by the Germans.

• Americans became convinced

for the need to prepare to

defend itself.

Tripartite Pact:

• September 1940, shortly

after the fall of France.

• Germany, Italy, and Japan

signed this pact and

became allies.

Preparing For War

• In the same month, Congress

passed a Selective Service Act,

• A peace time draft providing for

military training of 1.2 million troops.

• And 800,000 reserve troops each

year.

Preparing For War

• FDR gave the British 50 WWI era Battleships in exchange for eight British defense bases.

• Britain needed the ships to convoy goods across the Atlantic.

• Believing the act to be an emergency measure, FDR made the transfer without Congress’s permission.

Four Freedoms Speech:

• Given to Congress on January 6,

1941.

• It was given after FDR was elected for

a third term.

• FDR outlines four freedoms that were

threatened by Nazi and Japanese

militarism.

• FDR also believed that the best way to

stay out of the War was to aid Britain.

Four Freedoms Included:

o Freedom of Speech

o Freedom of Worship

o Freedom From Want

o Freedom From Fear

ACTIVITY:

• Which of the four freedoms do you feel is

the most important and why?

• Then go to the corner of which freedom

you think is the most important.

Lend-Lease Act:

• In March 1941, Congress approved of this act.

• It authorized FDR to sell, lease, lend, exchange to any government weapons.

• Where it would be necessary to the interest of the defense of the U.S.

• The U.S. aided the allies including the Soviet Union.

• And economically, the U.S. supported the Allies.

ATLANTIC CHARTER:

• In August 1941, FDR met with Churchill secretly on a warship off Newfoundland and signed the Atlantic Charter.

• It endorsed national self-determination, and an international system of “general security.”

• It signaled a deepening alliance between both nations.

U.S. Navy Battles German U Boats.

• The U.S. began to escort arms shipments to Iceland, where the British picked them up to take back to England.

• In the Fall of 1941, Hitler ordered German U Boats to attack American Ships.

• The U.S.S. Reuben James was attacked, killing more than a hundred sailors.

U.S. Navy Battles German U Boats.

• This angered the Americans.

• FDR gave orders to the navy to

attack German U boats on sight.

• In June 1941, Germany went to

war against the Soviet Union.

• War seemed inevitable with the

U.S.

DEBATE

• If you were living in America in the late

1930s, would you be an interventionist or

isolationist?


OBJECTIVES: Chapter 23:3 America Enters the War

o WHAT: Explain why Japan decided to attack Pearl Harbor and describe the attack itself.

o WHAT: Explain how the United States mobilized for war after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

o WHAT: Summarize course of the war in the Pacific through the summer of 1942.


(Luk 21:34) And take heed to

yourselves, lest at any time

your hearts be overcharged

with surfeiting, and

drunkenness, and cares of this

life, and so that day come upon

you unawares.

Growing Tensions Between Japan and the U.S.

• U.S. and Japan were allies during WWI.

• Japan was East Asia’s most powerful nation.

• Japan felt the U.S. presence in Guam, Philippines, and its support of China as a threat to its power.

• Japan expanded into China and Indochina (Vietnam) when WWII began in Europe.

EMBARGO

• FDR wanted to stop Japanese

expansion.

• In July 1940, he placed an

embargo.

• The U.S. would no longer sell or

supply oil, iron ore, fuel, steel,

and rubber.

• These materials were important

for Japan’s Navy and Airforce.

EMBARGO:

• Japan signed the Tripartite

Pact in 1940 with Germany

and Italy.

• FDR signed a more stricter

embargo.

• The embargo did not stop but

slowed expansion.

Prelude to War:

• In 1941, General Hideki “The Razor” Tojo became the Japanese prime minister.

• Tojo had a sharp mind and continued Japan’s military expansion.

• But he wanted to keep the U.S. neutral.

• In the Summer of 1941, the U.S. and Japan attempted to negotiate their differences.

Prelude To War:

• Japan wanted to expand and

the U.S. was against it.

• In late November 1941, the

U.S. rejected Japan’s latest

demands.

• Tojo gave up on peace and

ordered a surprise attack.

• On the U.S main Pacific Naval

Base in Pearl Harbor, HI.

Japan Attacks the U.S.

o Japan deployed 6 aircraft carries, 360 planes, and a fleet of warships.

o Their mission was to destroy the U.S. Naval and Air Forces in the Pacific with a surprise attack.

o This would prevent the U.S. from challenging Japanese expansion.

o The Japanese sent fighters and bombers to attack American forces.

December 7, 1941

• Americans suffered heavy losses.

• Nearly 2,500 people killed,

• 8 battleships severely damaged,

• 3 destroyers left unusable,

• 3 light cruisers damaged,

• 160 aircraft destroyed

• 128 more damaged.

Dodie Miller: Pearl Harbor Hero

• Dodie Miller was a cook in the U.S.S. West Virginia.

• He manned a machine gun to defend the ship even though it was not his post.

• Miller was the first African American to receive the Navy Cross Medal for his actions.

• Miller was honored by Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander of the Pacific Fleet.


o The U.S. fleet was knocked out for nearly six months.

o Japan was free to conquer more territory without opposition.

o But the U.S. Aircraft carriers were not hit since they were out to sea.

o The U.S. Submarine bases also survived.


• Only three ships, The Arizona, Oklahoma, and Utah were total losses.

• All the other ships were salvaged and returned to fight in the war.

• The salvaged ships helped to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific.

America Declares War

• FDR asked Congress to declare war against Japan the following day.

• The House voted 388 to 1 and the Senate had no opposing votes.

• The attack on Pearl Harbor unified the nation.

• Germany and Italy true to their commitments declared war on the U.S.

Quiz Question:

• Explain how the United States became

involved in WWII including what happened

in the Atlantic and the events that led to

the attack of, Pearl Harbor.

Mobilizing For War:

• A Spirit of Patriotism swept across the country.

• During the war more than 16 million Americans served in the military.

• From 1941 to 1942 alone the army grew from 1.4 million to 3 million.

• The navy increased from under 300,000 to more than 600,000.

• And marines from 54,000 to 150,000.

Mobilizing For War:

• 300,000 Mexican Americans and 25,000 Native Americans served in integrated units.

• Nearly one million African Americans joined the military.

• But served mostly in segregated units.

• But as casualties increased, African Americans began serving in White Combat units.

Women Join The War Effort:

• Congresswoman Edith Nourse

Rogers introduced a bill that

later established the Woman’s

Army Corps (WAC) (1941)

• Serving in the U.S. Army as:

• Truck drivers,

• Instructors

• Lab technicians.

Women Serve:

o More than 150,000 women

volunteered for the service.

o 15,000 served abroad over the

course of the war.

o Over 600 received medals for

their service.

o More than 57,000 nurses served

in the Army Nurses Corps.

Mobilizing For War:

o American industry would be key for the Allies to win the War.

o Civilian industries converted to produce war materials.

o The Government established the War Production Board (WPB) (January 1942)

o The WPB oversaw the conversion of factories for war (January, 1942).

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS

• The Government allocated

scarce materials to proper

industries.

• Rationed everything from

metals to meat.

• Regulated production of

Civilian goods.

• Establish production contracts.

Mobilizing For War:

• Massive defense spending finally ended the Great Depression.

• There was a job for every worker for the first time in more than a decade.

• U.S. raised its military production goods for each year of the war.

• Each year the U.S. met those goals.

Mobilizing For War:

o The Ford Motor Company put all its resources into war production.

o Built over 8,000 B-24 liberator bombers.

o Henry J. Kaiser Shipyards produced large merchant ships in the space of four and half days.

o American production levels were double those of the Axis (1944).

o The Allies had the advantage in weapons and materials.

Fierce Fighting in the Pacific

o Along with attacking Pearl Harbor, Japan attacked the Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, and Hong Kong.

o Half of the U.S. planes in the Philippines were destroyed.

o On December 22, 1942, Japan invaded the Philippines.


o American forces led by General Douglas MacArthur badly underestimated the Japanese.

o Manila (capital) was lost to the Americans.

o The U.S. forces retreated and dug in at Corregidor Island near the Bataan Peninsula


o The Americans and their Filipino allies defended the Island for over four months.

o On May 6, 1942, lacking supplies they finally surrendered.

o MacArthur was evacuated to Australia by order of FDR before Corregidor fell.

o 75,000 allied soldiers surrendered.

Bataan Death March:

o The Japanese forced the allied prisoners of war (POWs) to march 58 miles.

o Most of the POWs were sick and malnourished.

o More than 7,000 American and Filipino troops died on the March.

o 77 female nurses were also captured but all survived courageously treating the soldiers.


• By early 1942, Japan

controlled much of

Southeast Asia and the

Western Pacific.

• By the summer of 1942,

Japan appeared to be

ready to take Australia

and New Zealand.

America Strikes Back with the Dolittle Raid:

• FDR ordered a retaliation strike against Japan for Pearl Harbor.

• Colonel James Dolittle led a mission of American bombers to bomb Tokyo from the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Hornet.

• They manage to attack Tokyo, destroying 100 buildings and killing 50.

Battle of Coral Sea

o In early May 1942, the

Japanese moved to take Port

Moresby in New Guinea.

o It could then threaten

Australia.

o The U.S. sent two aircraft

carriers (Lexington &

Yorktown) along with support

vessels.

Battle of Coral Sea

o It was the first Naval battle where none of the ships directly fought each other.

o Instead, planes from both sides attacked each other ships.

o It was a draw but Japan had to call off its attack on New Guinea.

o Momentum was now to the Americans.

o The Pacific would be won on the strength of U.S. carriers, planes, and production capabilities.

Discussion Question

• Do you think if the United States were

more involved in international politics such

as being part of the League of Nations,

that it could have prevented World War II?

chapter 23: the coming war...chapter 23: the coming war o japan and italy (allies side) expected...

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