Chapter 22 Section 3

The Global Conflict: Allied Successes

Setting the Scene

World War II was fought on a larger scale and in more places than any other conflict in history. It was also more costly in terms of human life than any previous war. Civilians, as well as soldiers,

were targets. In 1941, a reporter visited a Russian town that had been home to 10,000 people before the German invasion. The reporter found a lone survivor: "[She was] a blind old woman who had

gone insane. I saw her wandering barefooted around the village, carrying a few dirty rags, a

rusty pail, and a tattered sheepskin.” From 1939 until mid-1942, the Axis ran up a

string of successes. The conquerors blasted villages and towns and divided up the spoils.

Then the Allies won some key victories. Slowly, the tide began to turn.

I. Occupied Lands

The Axis conquered Europe, Asia and the

Pacific and set out to build a "new order" in

the occupied lands

I. Occupied Lands

The Nazis stripped conquered nations of art,

factories, and other resources and forced

―inferior races‖ to work as slave laborers

The World Jewish Congress

says the Nazis seized up to

$30 billion worth of art Dachau Concentration Camp,

1938

I. Occupied Lands

Hitler's policy was to kill all "racially inferior"

people – Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals,

communists, and the mentally ill

A Nazi about to shoot the last

Jew left alive in Vinica, UkraineGas Chamber at Auschwitz

I. Occupied Lands

The Nazis forced Jews into ghettos and

concentration camps and by 1941, had plans

for the "final solution of the Jewish problem"

I. Occupied Lands

Hitler had special death camps built in Poland

- places like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and

Treblinka

I. Occupied Lands

By 1945, the Nazis had massacred six million Jews and 6 million other "undesirable" people in what became known as the Holocaust

I. Occupied Lands

As Japan expanded, it created the anti-

imperialistic Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity

Sphere

I. Occupied Lands

The Japanese killed and tortured civilians,

destroyed cities and towns, and made people

into slave laborers

During the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, the Chinese were not

simply murdered. They were tortured, humiliated, and raped. The

Japanese used a wide variety of methods of murder.

II. The Allied War Effort

In 1942, the Big Three—Roosevelt, Churchill,

and Stalin—agreed to defeat Hitler before

turning their attention to Asia

The "Big Three" Allied

leaders at Yalta:

Churchill, Roosevelt

and Stalin

II. The Allied War Effort

The Allies were committed to total war -governments directed the economy, rationed goods, and regulated prices and wages

II. The Allied War Effort

Governments limited the rights of citizens,

censored the press, and used propaganda to

win public support for the war

II. The Allied War Effort

As men joined the military, millions of women

built ships and planes, produced munitions,

and staffed offices

Rosie the Riveter

Artist: Norman Rockwell

II. The Allied War Effort

Women served in the armed forces, fought in

the resistance, and became soldiers in the

Red Army

Marie-Madeleine

Fourcade USSR Soldier

III. Turning Points

During 1942 and 1943, the Allies pushed back

the Axis powers and turned the tide of war

III. Turning Points

British General Montgomery and American

General Eisenhower defeated Rommel in May

1943 at El Alamein

III. Turning Points

In July 1943, the Allies landed first in Sicily and then in southern Italy and defeated the Italian forces

III. Turning Points

The Italians overthrew Mussolini and signed

an armistice, but the fighting did not end for

18 months

The bodies of Benito Mussolini (C) and his mistress, Clara

Petacci (R) were hung by their heels after they were killed by

Italian partisans in Milan in April 1945.

III. Turning Points

After the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, the Red

Army advanced into Eastern Europe

III. Turning Points

The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, -D-Day – and by September all of France was free

III. Turning Points

The Allies focused their attention on

conquering Germany and defeating Japan