Chapter 11Political Developments in the early republic

Foreign Policy in the Young Nation

Chapter 12Chapter 12

TermsTerms1.1. InaugurationInauguration2.2. Election of 1800Election of 18003.3. EmbargoEmbargo4.4. War hawksWar hawks5.5. TributeTribute6.6. ImpressmentImpressment7.7. IsolationismIsolationism8.8. nuetralitynuetrality

Federalist PartyFederalist Party Most Federalists believed that people were Most Federalists believed that people were

basically selfish and out for themselves.basically selfish and out for themselves. Many distrusted any system that gave too much Many distrusted any system that gave too much

power to the “mob” or common people.power to the “mob” or common people. Government should be run by the educated, Government should be run by the educated,

wealthy and publicwealthy and public-- spirited.spirited. Ideal Economy would increase the nation’s wealth Ideal Economy would increase the nation’s wealth

by using the power of the federal government to by using the power of the federal government to promote business, manufacturing and trade.promote business, manufacturing and trade.

Supported loose interpretation of the ConstitutionSupported loose interpretation of the Constitution Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Democratic Republican PartyDemocratic Republican Party Believed informed citizens could make Believed informed citizens could make

good decisions for the country. People good decisions for the country. People were good at heart.were good at heart.

Republicans favored an economy based on Republicans favored an economy based on agriculture, and opposed a national bank agriculture, and opposed a national bank that supported business and that supported business and manufacturing.manufacturing.

Ideal government was the one that Ideal government was the one that governed the least, a small government.governed the least, a small government.

Believed in a strict interpretation of the Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.Constitution.

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

The Alien & Sedition ActsThe Alien & Sedition Acts The Alien Act lengthened the number of years The Alien Act lengthened the number of years

necessary to become citizen from 5 to 14 years.necessary to become citizen from 5 to 14 years. The Alien Act allowed the President to deport The Alien Act allowed the President to deport

nonnon--citizens suspected of stirring up trouble.citizens suspected of stirring up trouble. Sedition Act made it illegal to print, write, or Sedition Act made it illegal to print, write, or

speak badly about the government, Congress or speak badly about the government, Congress or the President.the President.

Supported by Federalists like Hamilton.Supported by Federalists like Hamilton. Jefferson saw it as an attack on the Republican Jefferson saw it as an attack on the Republican

party, because many nonparty, because many non--citizens voted citizens voted Republican and a violation freedom of speech Republican and a violation freedom of speech and press. and press.

The Sedition Act was used to punish Republican The Sedition Act was used to punish Republican newspapers for insulting Adams (Federalist).newspapers for insulting Adams (Federalist).

Election of 1800Election of 1800

Resulted in a tie between Jefferson & BurrResulted in a tie between Jefferson & Burr The House of Representatives broke the The House of Representatives broke the

tie and elected Thomas Jefferson tie and elected Thomas Jefferson President.President.

The 12The 12thth amendment was added to the amendment was added to the Constitution. It required the Electoral Constitution. It required the Electoral College cast separate ballots for the College cast separate ballots for the President and Vice President. President and Vice President.

The Election of 1800 was a “peaceful The Election of 1800 was a “peaceful revolution”.revolution”.

State’s RightsState’s Rights

Jefferson & Madison drew up a set of Jefferson & Madison drew up a set of resolutions opposing the Alien and Sedition resolutions opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions stated that individual Acts. The resolutions stated that individual states had the right to nullify both acts states had the right to nullify both acts because both went against the Constitution. because both went against the Constitution.

The states’ rights theory of the Constitution The states’ rights theory of the Constitution holds that states may reject federal laws if holds that states may reject federal laws if the government is not using power properly. the government is not using power properly.

These resolutions were approved by only two These resolutions were approved by only two states Virginia and Kentucky, so the protest states Virginia and Kentucky, so the protest died. However, the debate over state’s rights died. However, the debate over state’s rights would continue.would continue.

Washington’s Foreign PolicyWashington’s Foreign Policy

America would be neutralAmerica would be neutral America would not offer help toAmerica would not offer help to

France or BritainFrance or BritainWashington’s policy of avoidingWashington’s policy of avoiding

alliances was known asalliances was known asisolationismisolationism

The Whiskey Rebellion was caused by a The Whiskey Rebellion was caused by a tax being placed on whiskey, farmers refuse totax being placed on whiskey, farmers refuse topay the tax. Washington used the militia topay the tax. Washington used the militia tocrush the rebels that refused to pay the excisecrush the rebels that refused to pay the excisetax. He chose to use force to end the rebelliontax. He chose to use force to end the rebellionbecause he saw the rebellion as a threat to thebecause he saw the rebellion as a threat to thenew government’s authority. new government’s authority.

When Washington left office he warned aboutWhen Washington left office he warned aboutloyalty to political parties, if disagreements loyalty to political parties, if disagreements were not controlled it would weaken the nationwere not controlled it would weaken the nation

Dilemma 1Dilemma 1Protect American ShipsProtect American Ships

The Jay Treaty was signed to end hostile relations The Jay Treaty was signed to end hostile relations with Britain. It resulted in the British leaving the with Britain. It resulted in the British leaving the Ohio Valley.Ohio Valley.

The XYZ Affair happened when France started The XYZ Affair happened when France started attacking American ships. France held attacking American ships. France held representatives sent by Adams to end the attacks representatives sent by Adams to end the attacks hostage.hostage.

Napoleon made peace with the U.S. and ordered an Napoleon made peace with the U.S. and ordered an end to seizures of U.S. ships and release of sailors.end to seizures of U.S. ships and release of sailors.

Napoleon also ended the alliance between the two Napoleon also ended the alliance between the two countries. Now the U.S. had no allies to drag them countries. Now the U.S. had no allies to drag them into war.into war.

Dilemma 2Dilemma 2How to Deal with PiratesHow to Deal with Pirates

Pirates from the Barbary States of NorthPirates from the Barbary States of NorthAfrica tried to raise the tribute the U.S.Africa tried to raise the tribute the U.S.was paying for safety of U.S. ships.was paying for safety of U.S. ships.Jefferson refused to pay more tribute, andJefferson refused to pay more tribute, andenacted an embargo (complete stop ofenacted an embargo (complete stop oftrade). The embargo hurt the US, sotrade). The embargo hurt the US, soJefferson ended the hostility by payingJefferson ended the hostility by paying$60,000.$60,000.

Dilemma 3Dilemma 3Protect Sailors and SettlersProtect Sailors and Settlers

France and Britain were attacking U.S. ships France and Britain were attacking U.S. ships because each wanted to keep U.S. shippers because each wanted to keep U.S. shippers from supplying their enemy. from supplying their enemy.

“War Hawks” were eager for war with Britain in “War Hawks” were eager for war with Britain in 1812, because they hoped to drive the British 1812, because they hoped to drive the British out of Canada, and gain control of the territory. out of Canada, and gain control of the territory.

Madison declared war on Britain in 1812. Madison declared war on Britain in 1812. The war resulted in the weakening of Native The war resulted in the weakening of Native

American resistance, a surge in national pride, American resistance, a surge in national pride, and damaged support for Federalists.and damaged support for Federalists.

Dilemma 4Dilemma 4Support Latin Nations?Support Latin Nations?

Many Latin American countries were Many Latin American countries were struggling for independence from Spain in struggling for independence from Spain in the early 1800s.Spain did not allow these the early 1800s.Spain did not allow these countries to trade freely with others. countries to trade freely with others.

The U.S. supported to the Latin countries The U.S. supported to the Latin countries struggle for independence to increase trade struggle for independence to increase trade with them.with them.

The U.S. signed the Monroe Doctrine to The U.S. signed the Monroe Doctrine to state that North and South America “were state that North and South America “were not to be considered subjects for not to be considered subjects for colonization by Europe”colonization by Europe”