chapter 20.1 introduction to fung i 134 ch...life cycle of bread mold asexual reproduction sexual...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 20.1 Introduction to Fungi
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Main Idea
! Fungi are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that are decomposers
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Characteristics of Fungi
! Most are mutlicellular (made of more than one cell)
! Yeasts are only unicellular fungi (organism is only 1 cell)
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Features of Fungi
! Chitin – the strong, flexible substance that makes up the outer wall of fungi
! Hyphae – the threadlike filaments that make up the body of a fungus
! Myceluim – a netlike mass of repeatedly branching hyphae
! Fruiting body – reproductive structure of a fungi, the mushroom
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Features of Fungi
! Septa – separate hyphae into cells ! Aseptate – hyphae with no septa,
one cell may have hundreds of nuclei
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Fairy Ring
! Fairy Ring Simulation
! http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078759864/student_view0/unit5/chapter20/concepts_in_motion.html#
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Nutrition ! Saprophytic – feeds on dead
organic waste, ex. Shelf fungi
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Nutrition
! Parasitic – absorb nutritnts from the cells of a living organism, ex. Ringworm
! Mutualisitc – both the fungi and the other organism need each other to survive, ex. Fungi and plant roots
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Reproduction of Fungi
! Budding – exhibited in yeasts, asexual
! Fragmentation – occurs when mycelium is broken off, asexual
! Spore production – produces spores with a hard outer covering that will produces new hyphae, sexual and asexual
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Adaptations for survival
! Size and shape of spores – small and lightweight
! Number of spores produced ! Production of a sporangia – a sac
or case where spores are produced and protected until they are ready to be released
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End of 20.1
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Chapter 20.2 – Diversity of Fungi
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Main Idea
! Fungi exhibit a broad range of diversity and are classified into four major phyla
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Classification
! Chytridomycota – the chitrids ! Zygomycota – the common molds ! Ascomycota – sac (or cup) fungi ! Basidiomycota – club fungi
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Chytrids (Chytridiomycota)
! Mostly aquatic ! Have flagellated spores
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Common Molds (Zygomycota)
! Stolons – the hyphae that spread over the surface of the food
! Rhizoids – the hyphae that penetrate the food and absorb nutrients
! Gametangium – sexual reproductive structure
! Zygospore – spore with hard covering that can stay dormant for a period of time
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Life Cycle of Bread Mold
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Sporangia
Gametangia
Zygospore
Spores
New Hyphae
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Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
! Has the most species of all phyla ! Can reproduce both sexually and
asexually ! Conidiophores – spore producing
hyphae ! Conidia – spores produced by
conidiophores ! Ascocarp – repruductive structure
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Sac Fungi - Reproduction
! Ascus – saclike structure that houses the spores
! Ascospores – spores produced by an ascus
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The Sac Fungi Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Conidiophore
Ascocarp
Ascus
Ascospores
Conidia
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C
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Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
! Saprophytic are decomposers of wood
! Rarely reproduce asexually
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Club Fungi - reproduction
! Basidiocarp – the fruiting body, the sexual reproductive structure, the mushroom
! Grow very quickly due to cell enlargment rather than cell division
! Basidia – club shaped hyphae on the underside of the basidocarp that produces spores
! Basidiospores – spores released by the basidia
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Club Fungi Reproduction
Basidiocarp
Basidia
Basidiospores
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Imperfect Fungi - Deuteromycetes
! Lack a sexual stage
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The End Ch. 20.2
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Ch. 20.3 – Ecology of Fungi
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Main Idea
! Lichens and mycorrhizae deomonstrate important symbiotic relationships between fungi and other organisms
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Lichens
! Lichens – a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga
! Great diversity of these organisms ! Serve as bioindicators ! Bioindicator – a living organism
that is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and responds to changing conditioners
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Structure of a Lichen
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Mycorrhizae
! Mycorrhiza – a symbiotic relationship between a specialized fungus and plant roots
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Fungi and Humans
! Benefits – medicine, penicillin
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Fungi and Humans
! Foods – ediable mushrooms, yeast in bread, alcohol in beer and wine, truffles, cheeses such as brie and bleu
! Bioremediation – cleaning the environment of pollutants
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Fungi and Humans
! Diseases caused by fungi can destroy plants and trees, ex. Corn smuts and wheat rust
! Some fungi are parasitic to humans, ex. Ringworm and athletes foot
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The End Ch. 20.3 – Ecology of Fungi