CHAPTER 20 SECTION 1A LAND OF PROMISE

Amanda Commodari, Clare Fieden, Tira Mercadante

PUSH FACTORS Conditions that drive people to leave their homes In Eastern Europe, political and religious persecution pushed

many people to leave. New farming machines caused farmers to lose jobs. Many immigrants were small farmworkers or landless

farmworkers. In Russia and elsewhere, a person who criticized government

faced jail or exile. A revolution in Mexico acted as a push factor and caused

people to cross the boarder.

PULL FACTORS Conditions that affect them to new areas The promise of freedom and hopes for a better life attracted

poor and oppressed people from Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

Freedom and hopes for a better life attracted immigrants. Industries provided immigrants with job opportunities.

ETHNIC GROUP

A group of people who share a common culture There were many different neighborhoods across the

United States: Italian, Irish, Polish, Hungarian, German, Jewish, and Chinese

Within these ethnic neighborhoods, newcomers spoke their own language and celebrated special holidays with foods prepared as in the old country.

ASSIMILATION

The process of becoming apart of another culture Children assimilated easier than their parents because

they learned English in school and heard others use the language.

Because children wanted to be seen as Americans, they gave up traditions their parents honored.

Immigrant parents felt both pride and pain as they saw their children change.

IMMIGRANTS

People who enter a country in order to settle there Immigrants could only afford the cheapest berths. (ships) Diseases were in tight quarters People saw the Statue of Liberty when they got to New

York Harbor. Ellis Island is where ships entered New York Harbor Doctors checked all of the immigrants for diseases

CHANGING PATTERNS OF IMMIGRANTS “Old immigrants”- English, Irish, German, and

Scandinavian immigrants who helped build the cities In the late 1800’s, the patterns of immigration changed.

STATUE OF LIBERTY IN NEW YORK Welcome symbol for New York Symbol of hope and freedom Gift from France Honors The Declaration of Independence Lazarus wrote a poem called “The New Colossus”

- carved at the bottom of statue

FINDING JOBS

The newcomers soon set off to find work. European Peasants living on the land had little need for

money, but it took cash to survive in the United States. Through friends, relatives, and employment agencies, the

new arrivals found jobs.