Chapter 20 Notes, part IChapter 20 Notes, part IAcids and BasesAcids and Bases

What are some common What are some common acids?acids?

•Vinegar (acetic acid)

•Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid)

•Citrus fruits (citric acid)

•Car battery (sulfuric acid)

What are some common What are some common bases?bases?

•Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide)

•Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

What properties do acids What properties do acids have?have?

Acids tend to be:

•Tart or sour tasting

•In solution, they are an electrolyte

•They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors

What properties do bases What properties do bases have?have?

Bases tend to be:

•Bitter tasting

•Slippery feeling when touched

•Able to neutralize an acid

So what So what ISIS an acid? an acid?

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

Naming an acidNaming an acid

When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide.

When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.

When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.

Then what is a base?Then what is a base?

A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.

Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.

Name the following acids and bases:

HClO3

H3PO4

HF

HNO3

KOH

H2SO4

Ba(OH)2

HCN

H3PO3

HClO4

HBr

H2CO3

Al(OH)3

Write the formula for the following acids and

bases:

Hydrochloric acid

Barium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid

Phosphorous acid

Sodium hydroxide

Hydroiodic acid

Nitrous acid

Ammonium hydroxide

Chromic acid

Permanganic acid

Hydrobromic acid

Lithium hydroxide

Nitric acid

Thiocyanic acid