Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Chapter 2: Neuroscience and BehaviorBehavior

You’re on, Neuron!

It’s all in your head.

That Smarts!

The Systems

Potpourri

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1. Branching fibers extending out from 1. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called:other neurons are called:

• A) axons.

• B) glial cells.

• C) dendrites.

• D) axon terminals.

2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, 2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, insulating them and speeding insulating them and speeding their impulses. their impulses. • A) Sodium ions

• B) Myelin

• C) Glial cells

• D) Potassium ions

3. The brief electrical impulse 3. The brief electrical impulse transmitted along the axon is called transmitted along the axon is called the:the:

• A) action potential.

• B) stimulus threshold.

• C) electrical cascade.

• D) sodium pump.

4. After neurotransmitters are 4. After neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, many are released into the synapse, many are reabsorbed through a process reabsorbed through a process called:called:

• A) synaptic transmission.

• B) reuptake.

• C) all-or-none.

• D) reabsorption.

5.5. The neurotransmitter ___ is The neurotransmitter ___ is important in memory. Depletion important in memory. Depletion of it is found in those with of it is found in those with Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s

• A) dopamine

• B) GABA

• C) serotonin

• D) acetylcholine

6. The device called a(n) ___ provides 6. The device called a(n) ___ provides moment-by-moment images of the brain’s moment-by-moment images of the brain’s changing activity and is noninvasive.changing activity and is noninvasive.

• A) EEG

• B) PET scan

• C) MRI

• D) fMRI

7. The ___ receives information from 7. The ___ receives information from all the senses except smell. all the senses except smell.

• A) hippocampus

• B) amygdala

• C) thalamus

• D) angular gyrus

8. The ____ is located at the back of the 8. The ____ is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for muscle brain and is responsible for muscle coordination, posture and equilibrium.coordination, posture and equilibrium.

• A) corpus callosum

• B) reticular formation

• C) pons

• D) cerebellum

9. These make up most of the cerebral 9. These make up most of the cerebral cortex, and enable learning, memory cortex, and enable learning, memory and integrating information.and integrating information.

• A) reticular formations

• B) projection areas

• C) association areas

• D) temporal lobes

10. Auditory information is received 10. Auditory information is received and processed in the: and processed in the:

• A) somatosensory cortex.

• B) temporal lobe.

• C) parietal lobe.

• D) frontal lobe.

11. An impaired use of language 11. An impaired use of language due to a brain lesion is known as: due to a brain lesion is known as:

• A) tomography.

• B) aphasia.

• C) plasticity.

• D) phrenology.

12. The ability of one part of the 12. The ability of one part of the brain to take over the function of brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called:another in case of injury is called:

• A) plasticity.

• B) neurogenesis.

• C) brain reintegration.

• D) neural net reformation.

13. After Sam’s stroke, he had 13. After Sam’s stroke, he had difficulty speaking, but could difficulty speaking, but could understand what others were saying understand what others were saying to him. He likely had damage to:to him. He likely had damage to:

• A) Wernicke’s Area.

• B) Broca’s Area.

• C) his Thalamus.

• D) his parietal lobe.

14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie 14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other was unable to make sense of other people’s speech. It is likely that her people’s speech. It is likely that her cortex was damaged in:cortex was damaged in:

• A) the sensory area.

• B) Broca’s area.

• C) the angular gyrus.

• D) Wernicke’s area.

15. In a recent car accident, Justin 15. In a recent car accident, Justin sustained damage to his right cerebral sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce his ability to:reduce his ability to:

• A) tell an angry face from a happy one.

• B) solve arithmetic problems.

• C) speak clearly.

• D) process information quickly.

16. In order for you to experience the pain 16. In order for you to experience the pain of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first relay messages from your ankle to your relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.central nervous system.

• A) the limbic system.

• B) interneurons.

• C) sensory neurons.

• D) the reticular formation.

17. When you’re stressed and your heart 17. When you’re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases and pupils races, perspiration increases and pupils dilate, the ___ is activated.dilate, the ___ is activated.

• A) somatic nervous system

• B) parasympathetic branch

• C) sympathetic branch

• D) spinal reflex

18. James touched a hot stove. His hand 18. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:hot. The sequence of this reflex is:

• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons.

• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.

• C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons.

• D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons.

19. The ____ system is made up of 19. The ____ system is made up of glands which secret ___ into the glands which secret ___ into the bloodstream.bloodstream.

• A) peripheral nervous; antagonists

• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters

• C) autonomic; action potentials

• D) endocrine; hormones

20. Curare is a poison people use to 20. Curare is a poison people use to paralyze animals when hunting. It is paralyze animals when hunting. It is therefore an ____ which inhibits the therefore an ____ which inhibits the neurotransmitter ____.neurotransmitter ____.

• A) antagonist; acetylcholine

• B) agonist; dopamine

• C) antagonist; serotonin

• D) agonist; GABA

21. This device is often used to 21. This device is often used to diagnose seizure activity by recording diagnose seizure activity by recording electrical activity of the brain:electrical activity of the brain:

• A) CAT scan.

• B) EEG.

• C) PET scan.

• D) MRI.

22. A person with a “split brain” had 22. A person with a “split brain” had surgery to cut the:surgery to cut the:

• A) frontal lobe.

• B) corpus callosum.

• C) sensory from the motor strip.

• D) cerebellum from the cerebral cortex.

23. The person most likely to suggest that 23. The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person’s skull indicates the the shape of a person’s skull indicates the extent to which that individual is extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a:argumentative and aggressive would be a:

• A) neurologist.

• B) behavior geneticist.

• C) psychoanalyst.

• D) phrenologist.

24: Phineas Gage had extensive 24: Phineas Gage had extensive damage to his ____ of the brain, damage to his ____ of the brain, effecting his ____.effecting his ____.

• A) frontal lobe; personality

• B) right hemisphere; speech

• C) left temporal lobe; reasoning

• D) cerebellum; coordination

25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it 25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it will either fear a mouse or become will either fear a mouse or become extremely aggressive.extremely aggressive.

• A) hippocampus.

• B) hypothalamus.

• C) amygdala.

• D) thalamus.

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Branching fibers extending out from 1. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called:other neurons are called:

• A) axons.

• B) glial cells.

• C) dendrites.

• D) axon terminals.

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2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, 2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, insulating them and speeding insulating them and speeding their impulses. their impulses. • A) Sodium ions

• B) Myelin

• C) Glial cells

• D) Potassium ions

55

3. The brief electrical impulse 3. The brief electrical impulse transmitted along the axon is called transmitted along the axon is called the:the:

• A) action potential.

• B) stimulus threshold.

• C) electrical cascade.

• D) sodium pump.

55

4. After neurotransmitters are 4. After neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, many are released into the synapse, many are reabsorbed through a process reabsorbed through a process called:called:

• A) synaptic transmission.

• B) reuptake.

• C) all-or-none.

• D) reabsorption.

57

5.5. The neurotransmitter ___ is The neurotransmitter ___ is important in memory. Depletion of it important in memory. Depletion of it is found in those with Alzheimer’sis found in those with Alzheimer’s

• A) dopamine

• B) GABA

• C) serotonin

• D) acetylcholine

58

6. The device called a(n) ___ provides 6. The device called a(n) ___ provides moment-by-moment images of the brain’s moment-by-moment images of the brain’s changing activity and is noninvasive.changing activity and is noninvasive.

• A) EEG

• B) PET scan

• C) MRI

• D) fMRI

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7. The ___ receives information from 7. The ___ receives information from all the senses except smell. all the senses except smell.

• A) hippocampus

• B) amygdala

• C) thalamus

• D) angular gyrus

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8. The ____ is located at the back of the 8. The ____ is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for muscle brain and is responsible for muscle coordination, posture and equilibrium.coordination, posture and equilibrium.

• A) corpus callosum

• B) reticular formation

• C) pons

• D) cerebellum

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9. These make up most of the cerebral 9. These make up most of the cerebral cortex, and enable learning, memory cortex, and enable learning, memory and integrating information.and integrating information.

• A) reticular formations

• B) projection areas

• C) association areas

• D) temporal lobes

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10. Auditory information is received 10. Auditory information is received and processed in the: and processed in the:

• A) somatosensory cortex.

• B) temporal lobe.

• C) parietal lobe.

• D) frontal lobe.

76

11. An impaired use of language 11. An impaired use of language due to a brain lesion is known as: due to a brain lesion is known as:

• A) tomography.

• B) aphasia.

• C) plasticity.

• D) phrenology.

80

12. The ability of one part of the 12. The ability of one part of the brain to take over the function of brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called:another in case of injury is called:

• A) plasticity.

• B) neurogenesis.

• C) brain reintegration.

• D) neural net reformation.

82

13. After Sam’s stroke, he had 13. After Sam’s stroke, he had difficulty speaking, but could difficulty speaking, but could understand what others were saying understand what others were saying to him. He likely had damage to:to him. He likely had damage to: • A) Wernicke’s Area.

• B) Broca’s Area.

• C) his Thalamus.

• D) his parietal lobe.

81

14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie 14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other was unable to make sense of other people’s speech. It is likely that her people’s speech. It is likely that her cortex was damaged in:cortex was damaged in:

• A) the sensory area.

• B) Broca’s area.

• C) the angular gyrus.

• D) Wernicke’s area.

81

15. In a recent car accident, Justin 15. In a recent car accident, Justin sustained damage to his right cerebral sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce his ability to:reduce his ability to:

• A) tell an angry face from a happy one.

• B) solve arithmetic problems.

• C) speak clearly.

• D) process information quickly.

80

16. In order for you to experience the pain 16. In order for you to experience the pain of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first relay messages from your ankle to your relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.central nervous system.

• A) the limbic system

• B) interneurons

• C) sensory neurons

• D) the reticular formation

62

17. When you’re stressed and your heart 17. When you’re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases and pupils races, perspiration increases and pupils dilate, the ___ is activated.dilate, the ___ is activated.

• A) somatic nervous system

• B) parasympathetic branch

• C) sympathetic branch

• D) spinal reflex

62

18. James touched a hot stove. His hand 18. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:

• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons.

• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.

• C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons.

• D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons.

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19. The ____ system is made up of 19. The ____ system is made up of glands which secret ___ into the glands which secret ___ into the bloodstream.bloodstream.

• A) peripheral nervous; antagonists

• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters

• C) autonomic; action potentials

• D) endocrine; hormones

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20. Curare is a poison people use 20. Curare is a poison people use to paralyze animals when hunting. It to paralyze animals when hunting. It is therefore an ____ which inhibits is therefore an ____ which inhibits the neurotransmitter ____.the neurotransmitter ____.

• A) antagonist; acetylcholine

• B) agonist; dopamine

• C) antagonist; serotonin

• D) agonist; GABA

58

21. This device is often used to 21. This device is often used to diagnose seizure activity by recording diagnose seizure activity by recording electrical activity of the brain: electrical activity of the brain:

• A) brain lesion.

• B) EEG.

• C) PET scan.

• D) MRI.

68

22. A person with a “split brain” had 22. A person with a “split brain” had surgery to cut the:surgery to cut the:

• A) frontal lobe.

• B) corpus callosum.

• C) sensory from the motor strip.

• D) cerebellum from the cerebral cortex.

84

23. The person most likely to suggest that 23. The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person’s skull indicates the the shape of a person’s skull indicates the extent to which that individual is extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a:argumentative and aggressive would be a:

• A) neurologist.

• B) behavior geneticist.

• C) psychoanalyst.

• D) phrenologist.

53

24: Phineas Gage had extensive 24: Phineas Gage had extensive damage to his ____ of the brain, damage to his ____ of the brain, effecting his ____.effecting his ____.

• A) frontal lobe; personality

• B) right hemisphere; speech

• C) left temporal lobe; reasoning

• D) cerebellum; coordination

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25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it 25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it will either fear a mouse or become will either fear a mouse or become extremely aggressive.extremely aggressive.

• A) hippocampus.

• B) hypothalamus.

• C) amygdala.

• D) thalamus.

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AnswersAnswers

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. D

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. C

11. B

12. A

13. B

14. D

15. A

16. C

17. C

18. A

19. D

20. A

21. B

22. B

23. D

24. A

25. C