chapter 2 fundamentals of information technology introduction to business information systems by...

Chapter 2Fundamentals of Information

Technology

Introduction to Business Information Systems

by Mark Huber, Craig Piercy, Patrick McKeown,

and James Norrie

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.

2

Information Technology Categories

_______________: the electronic and mechanical components you can see and touch

_______________: the set of instructions that direct the hardware

_______________: increases the power of IT by allowing the sharing of resource


3

Hardware Components

______________: Directs execution of instructions and the transformation of data

_______________: Temporarily stores data and instructions before and after processing

______________: Provides the interface used for data entry into a device

______________: Provides the interface to retrieve information from a device

_______________: Stores data, information, and instructions for the long term

______________: Connects one IT device to another


4

The Central Processing Unit

Core of all computing operations is a __________ composed of millions of transistors called the _______________.

A _______________ is an electronic switch that can be on (1) or off (0).

By combining multiple transistors we can represent data in a ____________ format.

The CPU works together with __________ to control the execution of instructions and the processing of data.

CPU speed is measured by its __________ in billions of cycles per second (gigahertz).


5

Memory

There are two types of memory—long term (__________) memory and short-term (__________) memory

Both types of memory are built onto _______________

Both are measured in number of bytes stored: 1000’s (kilobytes—KB) Millions (megabytes—MB Billions (gigabytes—GB)


6

Read Only Memory

Read Only Memory (ROM) contains instructions that are not meant to be changed or changed only infrequently

In computers, ROM holds instructions used to control the _____________________

There are far fewer _____ chips than _____ chips in a computer


7

Random Access Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the predominant form of memory in a computer.

The __________ can access any item stored in RAM directly (randomly).

RAM is ___________ memory so anything in RAM is lost when the computer is shut down.

Increasing ______________ is the easiest way to increase effectiveness of a computer.


8

Input Hardware

Input devices provide one interface between the internal processes of an IS and its environment.

It allows us to enter ________________. Input devices include:

___________________ Pointing devices such as a _______________ __________________ such a barcode

scanner


9

Output Hardware

Output devices convert IT-processed information into a form usable by people (or other machines)

___________ and ___________ of output is important in choosing an output device.

Common output devices include _____________________ such as liquid

crystal displays (LCDs) _______________, typically laser or ink-jet

as well as plotters ________________


10

IT Storage Hardware

Storage refers to hardware media and devices used to contain large amounts of ___________________ for the long term.

Storage is much ____________ to access than memory.

Examples include: Hard drive CD and DVDs USB flash memory


11

Communications Hardware

_______________________ provide the physical connection between the computer and a local network

_______________ allow you to connect to a remote network over a telecommunications line (telephone line or cable TV service)


12

Software

Software is information that specifies how the device should work with other data, information, and knowledge.

Software is ________________________ just like music and books.

_______________ is software built into chips (hardware) like that in cell phones and PDAs


13

System Software

Controls the _____________ associated with a system

Supports the execution of ___________________________

Two main types of systems software _______________ Software: coordinates and

handles the details of working with the computer hardware.

_______________ software: provides additional tools to maintain and service your system (many utility software tasks are now included in the OS).


14

Application Software

_______________ software is a complete, self-contained program or set of programs for performing a specific job.

Application software is the software you use to get things done.

_______________ software: software used by knowledge workers to work with data, information, and knowledge. For example, MS Office and Intuit’s Quicken software.


15

Connecting Over Networks

A computer network consists of ___________ that represent computer hardware and network user with hardware, software, and ___________________________ forming links between nodes.

Network consists of 4 primary components: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________


16

Network Categories

Computer networks are commonly described by the __________________ of the network.

The most commonly use types are ______ and _______.

A _______________ is confined to a relatively small area like a building.

A _______________ connects computers over regions, countries, and continents.


17

Network Hardware

There are three basic categories of network hardware

1. Hardware to connect a _________ to a network.

2. Specialized hardware for handling network _____________.

3. Specialized computers that control the network and _____________ of data on the network.


18

Network Connection Hardware

_______________, cable modems, network interface cards, and wireless cards

The physical link that creates the network connection is referred to as the _____________________________


19

Network Traffic Hardware A _______________ is a device that lets you

connect to networks or break a large network into two smaller, more efficient networks.

A _______________ is an intelligent bridge that connects, translates, and then directs data that cross between two networks.

A _________________ serves as a central connection point for devices on a a network.

A _________________ is a special bridge that connects between wireless devices and a wired network.


20

Specialized Network Computers

__________________ are specialized computers that manage the various functions on a network.

A _______________ is a fast computer with large amount of RAM and storage.

_________________ run the network operating system as well as storing shared software applications and data files.

Computers connected to a file server are called _______________________.


21

Network Software

Network ____________________ software manages network functions and the flow of data over a computer network.

Network _______________________ provides the instructions that allow for the creation of data and for transformation to fit appropriate protocols for transmission over a network.

A _______________ is a standard set of rules that allows the communication of data between nodes on a network.


22

The Internet

Any computer network that connects several networks together is an ____________________.

Typically we refer to the single largest and most popular internet as the “Internet.”

The Internet uses the _______________ suite of packet switching protocols.

Any computer using software compatible with ___________________, regardless of OS, can connect and communicate over the Internet.


23

Accessing the Internet

Home users access the Internet through ______________ over traditional telephone lines or _______________ through cable or DSL.

Most users connect through an _________________ using Internet access software.

Internet access has moved into libraries, airports, or coffee shops using ________.

_______________ stands for 802.11 standards for wireless network access.


24

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) is one the two most popular Internet applications (e-mail is the other.)

The Web provides a ______________ system that operates over the Internet.

_______________ provides an easy way to publish information on a network in documents that incorporate hyperlinks to other information on the network.

_______________ software enables user to view hypertext document and use hyperlinks to browse other related documents.


25

Web Standards

The Web relies on three basic standards:

1. A ______________________, which specifies a unique address for each page that indicates the location of a document.

2. The _______________ provides rules used by browsers and servers as they respond to each other.

3. _______________ provides a language for encoding the information so a variety of IT devices can display it.


26

Copyright

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Access Copyright (The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) is unlawful. Requests for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his or her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

chapter 2 fundamentals of information technology introduction to business information systems by...

Documents