Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Design

Architecture and DesignLouis Sullivan

“Our architecture reflects us truly as a mirror”

Form Follows Function– Mainly identified with the style of Frank Lloyd Wright

– Any architectural form (shape, object) should have an intended practical purpose and should perform a function

Aesthetic valueAppreciation of form, beauty, and uniqueness

FunctionalismQuality of being useful

Lead to the development of the organic concept– All materials, functions, forms, and surroundings are

coordinated in harmony with nature

Interior designFurnishings should be closely related to exterior architecture for consistent design

CreativityArchitects and interior designers apply the elements and principles of design

Elements of DesignLine

– Produces a sense of movement or produce a greater sense of length or height

Color

-Has influence on the final appearance of design

Form

-Lines joined together and create the shape of an area

-Circles and ovals convey a feeling of completeness

-Squares and rectangles produce a feeling of mathematical precision

-Whether the form of an object is open, closed, solid, hollow, the form should be determined by it’s function

Light (value)– Reflects the surfaces of a form

Texture– Refers to the surface finish of an object

– Roughness, coarseness, or fineness

Space– Surrounds forn and is contained within it– Architectural Design includes the art of defining space and space

relationships

Materials– Raw substances with which designers create

All Elements of Design

Can strengthen or diminish interest

Designer must understand the nature and relationship of

COLORS

Divided into three categories

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Primary

Cannot be made up from a combination of colors

Red

Yellow

Blue

Secondary

Made up of equal mixtures of two primary colors

Yellow

Red

Yellow

Red

Blue

Blue

+

+

+

=

=

=

Green

Violet

Orange

Tertiary

Primary color and neighboring secondary color mixture

Green

Violet

Orange

Yellow

Red

Red

+

+

+

=

=

=

Red-Orange

Red-Violet

Blue-Green

Yellow Orange

+ = Yellow-Green

Blue

Blue

Green

Violet

+

+ =

=

Yellow-Orange

Blue-Violet

Neutral

White

Gray

Black

Color Quality

Distinguishing accuracyHue

Basic consistent identity– Ex: Blue, blue-green, yellow-green,yellow

Lighter or darker does not matter, the hue stays the same

ValueLightness or darkness of hue

– Can dramatically change the mood of a room

ValueLightness or darkness of hue

– Can dramatically change the mood of a room

TintLighter(or higher) in value than the normal value

Produced by adding white to a color

Lighter tint of hue will make a room look larger in area

ShadeDarker (or lower) in value than the normal value

Produced by adding black to a color

Dark shade will make a room look smaller in area

ToneProduced by adding gray to the normal color

IntensityDegree of purity (or brightness) of a color

Free from neutralizing factors– Chroma

Principles of Design

Guidelines for how to combine the elements of design

Balance

Equilibrium (feeling of stability)

Informally balanced (asymmetrical)

Formally balanced (symmetrical)

Rhythm and repetition

Same pattern used over and over; creates a sense of motion

Emphasis

Draws a viewer’s attention to an area or subject

Subordination

Occurs when emphasis is achieved through design. Other features become less noticeable

Proportion

Assures appropriate sizing of components

Variety

Also called contrast

Do not create too much unity, rhythm, or repetition or you will lose variety

Opposition

Use of contrasting elements for variety

Transition

To change from one color to another or from a curved line to a straight line

Must maintain the same unity

Unity

Creates a sense of wholeness

                    

House on the Rock

Designed and built by Alex Jordan from Madison WI

Winchester Mystery House Home Page

Haunted Winchester

Louis Sullivan’s Bradley House

Madison, Wisconsin

Brief History of Louis Sullivan

Brief History of Frank Lloyd Wright

                      

Wingspread- Wind Point, Wisconsin

Unitarian Meeting House

Madison Wisconsin

                      

                      

Fallingwater Ohiopyle (Bear Run), Pennsylvania